How Netflix changed entertainment -- and where it's headed | Reed Hastings

238,573 views ใƒป 2018-07-12

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Roni Weisman ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Nurit Noy
00:12
Chris Anderson: I have been long so fascinated and amazed
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ื›ืจื™ืก ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ: ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืฉืื ื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื•ืงืกื ื•ื ื“ื”ื
ืžื›ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื˜ืคืœื™ืงืก.
00:16
by so many aspects of Netflix.
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00:17
You're full of surprises, if I may say so.
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ืืชื ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ื”ืคืชืขื•ืช, ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื™ ืœื”ืชื‘ื˜ื ื›ืš.
00:20
One of those surprises happened, I think about six years ago.
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ืื—ืช ืžื”ื”ืคืชืขื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื”, ืื ื™ ืžืขืจื™ืš, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืฉ ืฉื ื™ื.
00:24
So, the company back then was doing really well,
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ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื–, ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื ืจืข,
00:28
but you were basically a streaming service
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื‘ืขืฆื ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื–ืจืžืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ
00:30
for other people's films and TV content.
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ืฉืœ ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื•ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืื—ืจื™ื.
00:34
You'd persuaded Wall Street that you were right
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ืฉื›ื ืขืชื ืืช ื•ื•ืœ-ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ ืฉืฆื“ืงืชื
00:36
to make the kind of radical shift away from just sending people DVDs,
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ื›ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื ืืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืžืกืชื ืฉืœื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืกืจื˜ื™ ื“ื™.ื•ื™.ื“ื™. ืœืื ืฉื™ื,
00:40
so you were doing it by streaming.
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ืœืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ื”ื–ืจืžืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ.
00:42
And you were growing like a weed --
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ื•ืฆืžื—ืชื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื”,
00:44
you had more than six million subscribers and healthy growth rates,
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื›ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืฉื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืงืฆื‘ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืจื™ื,
00:47
and yet, you chose that moment
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื‘ื—ืจืชื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ
00:49
to kind of make a giant -- really, a bet-the-company decision.
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื”ืœืš ืขื ืง, ื‘ืืžืช, ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื ืœื”ืžืจ ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”.
00:55
What was that decision, and what motivated it?
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ืžื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืื•ืชื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”, ื•ืžื” ื”ื ื™ืข ืืชื›ื?
00:58
Reed Hastings: Well, cable networks from all time
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ืจื™ื“ ื”ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ืก: ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื‘ืœื™ื
01:01
have started on other people's content
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ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืขื ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ืข"ื™ ืื—ืจื™ื
01:03
and then grown into doing their own originals.
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ื•ืื– ืฆืžื—ื• ืข"ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื.
01:06
So we knew of the general idea for quite a while.
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ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื›ืจื ื• ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืžื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ.
01:10
And we had actually tried to get into original content back in 2005,
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘-2005,
01:14
when we were on DVD only and buying films at Sundance --
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืขืกืงื ื• ืจืง ื‘ื“ื™. ื•ื™. ื“ื™. ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื• ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ืกืื ื“ื ืก --
01:18
Maggie Gyllenhaal, "Sherrybaby," we published on DVD --
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ื›ืžื• ืžื’ื™ ื’'ื™ืœื ื”ื•ืœ, "ืฉืจื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื‘ื™", ืื•ืชื• ื”ืคืฆื ื• ืขืœ ื“ื™. ื•ื™. ื“ื™. --
01:21
we were a mini studio.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื™ื ื™-ืื•ืœืคืŸ.
01:22
And it didn't work out, because we were subscale.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—, ื›ื™ ืคืขืœื ื• ื‘ืงื˜ืŸ.
01:25
And then, as you said, in 2011,
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ื•ืื–, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืกื™ืคืจืช, ื‘ืฉื ืช 2011,
01:28
Ted Sarandos, my partner at Netflix who runs content,
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ื˜ื“ ืกึธืจึธื ึฐื“ื•ืก, ืฉื•ืชืคื™ ื‘ื ื˜ืคืœื™ืงืก, ืฉืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ,
01:32
got very excited about "House of Cards."
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ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ ืžืื“ ืž"ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงืœืคื™ื".
01:35
And at that time, it was 100 million dollars,
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” 100 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ,
01:37
it was a fantastic investment,
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื ื”ื“ืจืช,
01:41
and it was in competition with HBO.
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ื•-HBO ื”ืชื—ืจื• ืื™ืชื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืกื“ืจื”.
01:44
And that was really the breakthrough, that he picked right upfront.
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ื–ื• ืื›ืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ืคืจื™ืฆืช-ื”ื“ืจืš, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉ ื—ื–ื” ืื•ืชื” ืžืจืืฉ.
01:47
CA: But that was a significant percentage of the revenue of the company
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืื—ื•ื– ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืžื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”
01:50
at that time.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื”.
01:52
But how could you get confident that that was actually worth doing?
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ืื™ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื›ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืชื•?
01:56
If you got that wrong,
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื˜ื•ืขื™ื ืคื”,
01:58
it might have been really devastating for the company.
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ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืกื ื™ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”.
02:00
RH: Yeah, we weren't confident. I mean, that's the whole tension of it.
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ืจื™ื“: ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื›ืœ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ. ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืชื— ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื–ื”.
02:04
We were like, "Holy ...!" -- I can't say that.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ, "ืžื” ืœืขื–ืื–ืœ...!" ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืืช ื–ื”.
02:08
Yeah, it was scary.
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ืื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืคื—ื™ื“.
02:10
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:13
CA: And with that, it wasn't just producing new content.
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ื•ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ.
02:17
You also, pretty much with that, if I understand right,
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ืืชื ื ื, ื“ื™ ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœื–ื”, ืื ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
02:19
introduced this idea of binge-viewing.
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ื”ืฆื’ืชื ืœืขื•ืœื ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืฆืคื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื ื’'.
02:21
It wasn't, "We're going to do these episodes and build excitement" --
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ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืจืง ื‘"ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืืช ื”ืคืจืงื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช",
02:25
boom! -- all at one time.
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ื•ื‘ื•ื! ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช.
02:27
And that consumer mode hadn't really been tested.
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ื•ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžืขื•ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื ื•ืกืชื”.
02:29
Why did you risk that?
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ืœืžื” ืกื™ื›ื ืชื ืืช ื–ื”?
02:31
RH: Well, you know, we had grown up shipping DVDs.
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ืจื™ื“: ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืฆืžื—ื ื• ืขืœ ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื“ื™. ื•ื™. ื“ื™.
02:34
And then there were series, box sets, on DVD.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื• ืกื“ืจื•ืช, ืกื˜ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืคืกื”, ืขืœ ื“ื™. ื•ื™. ื“ื™.
02:36
And all of us had that experience watching some of the great HBO content
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ื•ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืฆืคื™ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื“ืจ ืฉืœ HBO
02:41
you know, with the DVD -- next episode, next episode.
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ื›ืฉืขื ื”ื“ื™. ื•ื™. ื“ื™. -- ืžืงืคื™ืฆื™ื ืœืคืจืง ื”ื‘ื, ืœืคืจืง ื”ื‘ื.
02:44
And so that was the trigger to make us think,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื’ืจื ืœื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘,
02:47
wow, you know, with episodic content, especially serialized,
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ื•ื•ืื•, ืขื ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืคืจืงื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžืชืžืฉืš ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื,
02:51
it's so powerful to have all the episodes at once.
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ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ื–ืง ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
02:54
And it's something that linear TV can't do.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืฉื™ื“ื•ืจื™ ื”ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื”ืœื™ื ืืจื™ืช ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
02:57
And so both of those made it really positive.
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ื•ื›ืš ืฉื ื™ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืžืžืฉ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™.
03:01
CA: And so, did it work out on the math pretty much straight away,
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืื ื›ืš, ื”ืื ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืžืื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”,
03:04
that an hour spent watching "House of Cards," say,
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ืฉืฉืขื” ืฉืœ ืฆืคื™ื™ื”, ื ืืžืจ, ื‘"ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงืœืคื™ื",
03:08
was more profitable to you
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:10
than an hour spent watching someone else's licensed content?
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ืžืฉืขืช ืฆืคื™ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ืจื›ืฉืชื ืžืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ?
03:14
RH: You know, because we're subscription, we don't have to track it at that level.
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ืจื™ื“: ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืžื ื•ื™ื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื–ืืช.
03:19
And so it's really about making the brand stronger,
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ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื™ืš ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืžื•ืชื’,
03:21
so that more people want to join.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ืจืฆื• ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ.
03:23
And "House of Cards" absolutely did that,
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ื•"ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงืœืคื™ื" ืœืœื ืกืคืง ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช,
03:25
because then many people would talk about it
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ื›ื™ ืื– ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื–ื”
03:28
and associate that brand with us,
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ื•ืงื™ืฉืจื• ืืช ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ื–ื” ืืœื™ื ื•,
03:30
whereas "Mad Men" we carried -- great show, AMC show --
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉ"ืžึตื“ ืžืŸ" ืฉืฉื™ื“ืจื ื• -- ืกื“ืจื” ื ื”ื“ืจืช ืžื‘ื™ืช ืึตื™. ืืž. ืกื™. --
03:34
but they didn't associate it with Netflix,
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ืœื ืงื™ืฉืจื• ืื•ืชื” ืขื ื ื˜ืคืœื™ืงืก,
03:36
even if they watched it on Netflix.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืฆืคื• ื‘ื” ื“ืจืš ื ื˜ืคืœื™ืงืก.
03:38
CA: And so you added all these other remarkable series,
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ื•ืื– ื”ื•ืกืคืชื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืกื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
03:42
"Narcos," "Jessica Jones," "Orange is the New Black," "The Crown,"
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"ื ืจืงื•ืก", "ื’'ืกื™ืงื” ื’'ื•ื ืก", "ื›ืชื•ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ", "ื”ื›ืชืจ",
03:47
"Black Mirror" -- personal favorite --
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"ืžืจืื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื”", ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™,
03:50
"Stranger Things" and so on.
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"ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื•ื–ืจื™ื" ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”.
03:51
And so, this coming year,
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ื•ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื”,
03:54
the level of investment you're planning to make in new content
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ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืฉืืชื ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ
03:57
is not 100 million.
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ืื™ื ื” 100 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ.
03:59
It's what?
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ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ื?
04:00
RH: It's about eight billion dollars around the world.
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ืจื™ื“: ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืจืš 8 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
04:03
And it's not enough.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง.
04:06
There are so many great shows on other networks.
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช.
04:10
And so we have a long way to go.
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ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื“ืจืš ืืจื•ื›ื” ืœืคื ื™ื ื•.
04:12
CA: But eight billion --
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืื‘ืœ 8 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“,
04:14
that's pretty much higher than any other content commissioner at this point?
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ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื?
04:19
RH: No, Disney is in that realm,
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ืจื™ื“: ืœื, ื“ื™ืกื ื™ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื–ื”,
04:21
and if they're able to acquire Fox, they're even bigger.
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ื•ืื ื”ื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืืช ืคื•ืงืก, ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื•ื‘ืืžืช, ื–ื• ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืฉื ืคืจืฉืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
04:26
And then, really, that's spread globally,
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04:29
so it's not as much as it sounds.
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข.
04:32
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:34
CA: But clearly, from the Barry Dillers and others in the media business,
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืื‘ืœ ืื ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฉืžืขืชื™ ืžื‘ืืจื™ ื“ื™ืœืจืก ื•ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืกืงื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื”,
04:38
it feels like from nowhere,
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ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืžืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื,
04:40
this company has come and has really revolutionized the business.
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ื”ื’ื™ื—ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช, ื•ืขืฉืชื” ืžื”ืคื›ื” ืžืžืฉื™ืช ื‘ืขืกืง ื”ื–ื”.
04:43
It's like, as if Blockbuster one day said,
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ื–ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื›ืš ืฉืื ืคืขื ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืœื•ืงื‘ืืกื˜ืจ,
04:45
"We're going to make Blockbuster videos,"
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"ืื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื•ืงื‘ืืกื˜ืจ",
04:47
and then, six years later, was as big as Disney.
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ื•ืื–, ืฉืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ื“ื™ืกื ื™.
04:51
I mean, that story would never have happened, and yet it did.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื›ื–ื” ืžืขื•ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืœื ืงืจื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ื ื” ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ.
04:55
RH: That's the bitch about the internet -- it moves fast, you know?
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ืจื™ื“: ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื™ืคื” ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื ืงืจื ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ื”ื•ื ื ืข ืžื”ืจ, ืœื ื›ืš?
05:00
Everything around us moves really quick.
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ื”ื›ืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื• ื ืข ืžืžืฉ ืžื”ืจ.
05:02
CA: I mean, there must be something unusual about Netflix's culture
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืื‘ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื ืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื˜ืคืœื™ืงืก
05:07
that allowed you to take such bold -- I won't say "reckless" --
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ืฉืื™ืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื›ื” ื ื•ืขื–ื•ืช, ืื ื™ ืœื ืื•ืžึทืจ "ืคื–ื™ื–ื•ืช",
05:12
bold, well thought-through decisions.
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ื ื•ืขื–ื•ืช, ืฉื ืฉืงืœื• ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.
05:14
RH: Yeah, absolutely.
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ืจื™ื“: ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜.
05:15
We did have one advantage, which is we were born on DVD,
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืื—ื“, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื ื• ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื“ื™. ื•ื™. ื“ื™.,
05:18
and we knew that that was going to be temporary.
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ื•ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืฉื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ืžื ื™.
05:20
No one thought we'd be mailing discs for 100 years.
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื ืฉืœื— ื‘ื“ื•ืืจ ื“ื™ืกืงื™ื ืขื•ื“ 100 ืฉื ื”.
05:23
So then you have a lot of paranoia about what's coming next,
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืคืจื ื•ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื,
05:26
and that's part of the founding ethos,
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ื•ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืืชื•ืก ืฉืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื”,
05:29
is really worrying about what's coming next.
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ื”ืฉืืœื” ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื‘ืืžืช ืžื“ืื™ื’ื”.
05:32
So that's an advantage.
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ืื– ื–ื” ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ.
05:33
And then in terms of the culture,
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ื•ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
05:35
it's very big on freedom and responsibility.
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ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืžื ื” ืžืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื•ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช.
05:37
I pride myself on making as few decisions as possible in a quarter.
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ืื ื™ ื ื•ื”ื’ ืœื”ืชื’ืื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ื›ืžื” ืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ.
05:41
And we're getting better and better at that.
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ื•ืื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชืคืจื™ื ื‘ื–ื”.
05:43
There are some times I can go a whole quarter
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ื™ืฉ ื–ืžื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ ืฉืœื
05:46
without making any decisions.
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉืื—ืœื™ื˜ ืืฃ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”.
05:47
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:49
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
05:51
CA: But there are some really surprising things about your people.
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉื ื ื‘ืืžืช ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืžืคืชื™ืขื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื›ื.
05:55
For example, I looked at one survey.
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืงืจืืชื™ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืฉืืœ ืื—ื“.
05:58
It looks like Netflix employees, compared to your peers',
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ืžืฉืชืžืข ืžืžื ื• ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื˜ืคืœื™ืงืก, ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืžื™ืชื™ื›ื,
06:02
are basically the highest paid for equivalent jobs.
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ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ืช ืขืจืš.
06:05
And the least likely to want to leave.
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ื•ื”ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื–ื•ื‘.
06:08
And if you Google the Netflix culture deck,
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ื•ืื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื’ืœ "ืžืฆื’ืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื ื˜ืคืœื™ืงืก",
06:14
you see this list of quite surprising admonitions to your employees.
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ืžื’ืœื™ื ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืžืคืชื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ืขืฆื•ืช ื•ืื–ื”ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคื ื•ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื.
06:18
Talk about a few of them.
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ืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืŸ.
06:20
RH: Well, you know, my first company -- we were very process obsessed.
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ืจื™ื“: ื˜ื•ื‘, ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื”ื—ึตื‘ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™ -- ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืื“ ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื.
06:24
This was in the 1990s.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-90.
06:26
And every time someone made a mistake,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืขืฉื” ื˜ืขื•ืช,
06:28
we tried to put a process in place
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ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืชื”ืœื™ืš
06:30
to make sure that mistake didn't happen again --
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ืฉื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ืœื ืชื—ื–ื•ืจ --
06:32
so, very semiconductor-yield orientation.
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ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื—ืฆืื™-ื”ืžื•ืœื™ื›ื™ื, ืžืื“ ืžื•ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืชืคื•ืงื”.
06:36
And the problem is, we were trying to dummy-proof the system.
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ื•ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœื—ืกื™ื ื” ืžื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื˜ื•ืคืฉื•ืช.
06:39
And then, eventually, only dummies wanted to work there.
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ื•ืื–, ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืจืง ื˜ืคืฉื™ื ืจืฆื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื”.
06:43
Then, of course, the market shifted -- in that case, it was C++ to Java.
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ืื–, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจ -- ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื” ืžืฉืคืช ++C ืœื’'ืื•ื•ื”.
06:47
But you know, there's always some shift.
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ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืชืžื™ื“ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืžืขื‘ืจ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•.
06:49
And the company was unable to adapt,
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ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื”,
06:51
and it got acquired by our largest competitor.
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ื•ื ืจื›ืฉื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืชื—ืจื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•.
06:54
And so with Netflix, I was super focused on how to run with no process
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขื ื ื˜ืคืœื™ืงืก, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืื“ ืžืžื•ืงื“ ื‘ื”ืจืฆืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืœื ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื
07:00
but not have chaos.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื” ื›ืื•ืก.
07:01
And so then we've developed all these mechanisms,
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ื•ืื– ืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
07:04
super high-talented people, alignment,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืกื•ืคืจ-ื›ืฉืจื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืชื™ืื•ื ืžื”ืœื›ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
07:07
talking openly, sharing information --
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ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช, ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข --
07:09
internally, people are stunned at how much information --
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื•ืžื™ื ืžื›ืš ืฉื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื™ื“ืข --
07:12
all the core strategies, etc.
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ื›ืœ ื”ืืกื˜ืจื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื‘ื” ื•ื›ื•'
07:14
We're like the "anti-Apple" -- you know how they compartmentalize?
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืžื• "ืงื•ื ื˜ืจื” ืœืึตืคึผืœ" -- ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื™ืš ื”ื ืžืžื“ืจื™ื?
07:17
We do the opposite, which is: everybody gets all the information.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืคืš, ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ: ื›ื•ืœื ื ื—ืฉืคื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข.
07:21
So what we're trying to do is build a sense of responsibility in people
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืื ืฉื™ื
07:25
and the ability to do things.
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ื•ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
07:26
I find out about big decisions now that are made all the time,
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ืื ื™ ืžื’ืœื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
07:30
I've never even heard about it, which is great.
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ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ, ืฉื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
07:32
And mostly, they go well.
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ื•ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืŸ ืžืชื’ืœื•ืช ื›ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื›ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช.
07:35
CA: So you just wake up and read them on the internet.
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืื– ืืชื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืงื•ืจื ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืžืชืขื•ืจืจ.
07:37
RH: Sometimes.
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ืจื™ื“: ืœืคืขืžื™ื.
07:38
CA: "Oh, we just entered China!"
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ื›ืจื™ืก: "ื”ื•, ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉื ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืกื™ืŸ!"
07:40
RH: Yeah, well that would be a big one.
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ืจื™ื“: ื›ืŸ, ื˜ื•ื‘ ื–ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
07:43
CA: But you allow employees to set their own vacation time, and ...
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืืชื ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื, ื•...
07:48
There's just --
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ื•ื”ื ืจืง --
07:50
RH: Sure, that's a big symbolic one, vacation,
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ืจื™ื“: ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืกืžืœื™ ืื‘ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื—ื•ืคืฉื•ืช,
07:53
because most people, in practice, do that, anyway.
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ื›ื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืขืฉื™, ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”.
07:56
But yeah, there's a whole lot of that freedom.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื”.
08:01
CA: And courage, you ask for as a fundamental value.
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ื•ืื•ืžืฅ, ืขืจืš ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืื•ืชื• ืืชื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื.
08:07
RH: Yeah, we want people to speak the truth.
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ืจื™ื“, ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ืืช ื”ืืžืช.
08:09
And we say, "To disagree silently is disloyal."
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ื•ืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ืื™ ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื‘ื—ืฉืื™ ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืกืจ ื ืืžื ื•ืช."
08:13
It's not OK to let some decision go through without saying your piece,
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ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืจื›ืš ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืืžืจ ืืช ื“ืขืชืš,
08:18
and typically, writing it down.
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ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื’ื ืœืจืฉื•ื ืื•ืชื”.
08:20
And so we're very focused on trying to get to good decisions
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ื•ื›ืš ืื ื• ืžืื“ ืžืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ื‘ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช
08:23
through the debate that always happens.
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ื“ืจืš ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ืžืชืงื™ื™ื.
08:27
And we try not to make it intense, like yelling at each other --
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ื•ืื ื• ืžืฉืชื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœื˜ึธืขื•ึผืŸ, ื›ืžื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื—ื“ ืฆื•ืขืง ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ --
08:30
nothing like that.
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ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื“ื•ืžื” ืœื–ื”.
08:31
You know, it's really curiosity drawing people out.
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ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื–ื• ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ื“ืขื”.
08:35
CA: You've got this other secret weapon at Netflix, it seems,
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืขื•ื“ ื ืฉืง ืกื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื˜ืคืœื™ืงืก,
08:38
which is this vast trove of data,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข,
08:40
a word we've heard a certain amount about this week.
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ืขืœื™ื• ืฉืžืขื ื• ืžืขื˜ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข.
08:43
You've often taken really surprising stances
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ืงื˜ืชื ืขืžื“ื•ืช ืžืื“ ืžืคืชื™ืขื•ืช
08:47
towards building smart algorithms at Netflix.
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื ื˜ืคืœื™ืงืก.
08:50
Back in the day, you opened up your algorithm to the world
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ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ืคืชื—ืชื ืืช ื”ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื ืฉืœื›ื ืœืขื•ืœื
08:54
and said, "Hey, can anyone do better than this recommendation we've got?
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ื•ืืžืจืชื, "ื”ื™ื™, ื”ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•?
08:57
If so, we'll pay you a million dollars."
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ืื ืชืฆืœื™ื—ื•, ื ืฉืœื ืœื›ื ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ."
08:59
You paid someone a million dollars,
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ืื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืœืžืชื ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ,
09:01
because it was like 10 percent better than yours.
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›-10 ืื—ื•ื– ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœืฉืœื›ื.
09:03
RH: That's right.
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ืจื™ื“: ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
09:04
CA: Was that a good decision? Would you do that again?
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ื”ืื ื”ื™ืชื” ื–ื• ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื ื›ื•ื ื”? ื”ืื ืชื—ื–ืจื• ืขืœ ื–ื”?
09:07
RH: Yeah, it was super exciting at the time; this was about 2007.
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ืจื™ื“: ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืกื•ืคืจ-ืžืœื”ื™ื‘ ื‘ื–ืžื ื•, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช 2007.
09:10
But you know, we haven't done it again.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืœื ื—ื–ืจื ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”.
09:12
So clearly, it's a very specialized tool.
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ืื– ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ, ื–ื”ื• ื›ืœื™ ืžืื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
09:15
And so think of that as a lucky break of good timing,
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ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื–ื” ื›ืืœ ื”ืคืกืงื” ื‘ืจืช-ืžื–ืœ ื‘ืชื–ืžื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘,
09:19
rather than a general framework.
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ื•ืœื ื›ืขืœ ืžืกื’ืจืช ืคืขื•ืœื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช.
09:21
So what we've done is invest a lot on the algorithms,
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื,
09:26
so that we feature the right content to the right people
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืื“ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ
09:29
and try to make it fun and easy to explore.
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ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืœืžื”ื ื” ื•ืงืœ.
09:32
CA: And you made this, what seems like a really interesting shift,
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ื•ื’ื ืขืฉื™ืชื ืขื•ื“ ืžื”ืคืš ืฉื ืจืื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ,
09:35
a few years ago.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื.
09:36
You used to ask people, "Here are 10 movies. What do you think?
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ื ื”ื’ืชื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืื ืฉื™ื, "ื”ื ื” 10 ืกืจื˜ื™ื. ืžื” ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื?
09:41
Which ones of these are your best movies?"
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ืื™ืœื• ืžื”ื ื”ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื?"
09:44
And then tried to match those movies with recommendations for what was coming.
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ื•ืื– ื ื™ืกื™ืชื ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข.
09:49
And then you changed away from that.
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ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืฉื™ื ื™ืชื ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ืœืชื ืืช ื–ื”.
09:51
Talk about that.
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ืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš.
09:53
RH: Sure.
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ืจื™ื“: ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื”.
09:54
Everyone would rate "Schindler's List" five stars,
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื“ืจื’ ืืช "ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืฉื™ื ื“ืœืจ" ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื,
09:56
and then they'd rate Adam Sandler, "The Do-Over" three stars.
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ื•ืื– ื™ื™ืชืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœืกืจื˜ "ื”ืžื”ืคืš" ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืกื ื“ืœืจ.
10:01
But, in fact, when you looked at what they watched,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืฉื‘ื—ื ืช ื‘ืžื” ื”ื ืฆืคื•,
10:03
it was almost always Adam Sandler.
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ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ื™ื” ืื“ื ืกื ื“ืœืจ.
10:06
And so what happens is, when we rate and we're metacognitive about quality,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื”, ื›ืฉืื ื• ืžื“ืจื’ื™ื ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช,
10:11
that's sort of our aspirational self.
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ื–ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ืื ื™ ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืฉื•ืืฃ ืœื ืฉื’ื‘.
10:14
And it works out much better to please people
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžืฆืœื™ื— ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืกืคืง ืืช ืจืฆื•ื ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื
10:16
to look at the actual choices that they make,
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ืื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืขืฉื™,
10:18
their revealed preferences by how much they enjoy simple pleasures.
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ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืžืชื’ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื” ื”ื ืžืชืขื ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ื ืื•ืช ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช.
10:24
CA: OK, I want to talk for a couple of minutes about this,
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืื• ืงื™ื™, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉื•ื—ื— ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช ืขืœ ื–ื”,
10:27
because this strikes me as a huge deal, not just for Netflix,
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ื›ื™ ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื•, ืœื ืจืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ื˜ืคืœื™ืงืก,
10:30
for the internet as a whole.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื•.
10:31
The difference between aspirational values
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ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื ืื ื• ืฉื•ืืคื™ื
10:34
and revealed values.
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ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ื”ื ื—ืฉืคื™ื.
10:36
You, brilliantly, didn't pay too much attention to what people said,
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ืืชื, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื‘ืจื™ืง, ืœื ื ืชืชื ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืจื‘ื” ืžื“ื™ ืœืžื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืืžืจื•,
10:40
you watched what they did, and then found the stuff that,
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ื‘ื—ื ืชื ืžื” ื”ื ืขืฉื•, ื•ืื– ืžืฆืืชื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉื’ืจื ืœืืžื™ืจื” ื›ืžื•:
10:43
"Oh my God, I never knew I would like a show about making horrible recipes,
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"ื•ื•ืื•, ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉืื”ื ื” ืžืชื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื ื™ื ื ื•ืจืื™ื™ื,
10:48
called 'Nailed It!'"
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ืฉื ืงืจืืช 'ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™!'"
10:49
RH: Called "Nailed It!" Right.
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ืจื™ื“: ืฉื ืงืจืืช "ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™!", ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
10:51
CA: It's hilarious. I would never have even thought of that.
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืขืฉืขืช. ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœื™ื”.
10:54
But aren't there risks with this,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื,
10:55
if this go-only-with-revealed-values approach is taken too far?
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ืื ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืœืœื›ืช-ืจืง-ืขื-ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื-ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื ืœืงื—ืช ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื“ื™?
11:01
RH: Well, we get a lot of joy from making people happy,
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ืจื™ื“: ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื“ ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžื›ืš ืฉืื ื• ืžืฉืžื—ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื,
11:04
Sometimes you just want to relax and watch a show like "Nailed It!"
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืจืง ืœื”ื™ืจื’ืข ื•ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื›ืžื• "ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™!"
11:08
And it's fun, and it's not stressful.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื™ื™ืฃ ืฉืœื ื’ื•ืจืžืช ื›ืœ ืžืชื—.
11:11
Other times, people want to watch very intensive film.
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ื‘ืคืขืžื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืขืชื™ืจื™ ืชื•ื›ืŸ.
11:14
"Mudbound" was Oscar-nominated,
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"ืคืจื—ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืฅ" ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืขืžื“ ืœืื•ืกืงืจ,
11:17
it's a great, very intensive film.
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ื–ื” ืกืจื˜ ื ื”ื“ืจ ืžืœื ืชื•ื›ืŸ.
11:19
And you know, we've had over 20 million hours of viewing on "Mudbound,"
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ื•ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืžืขืœ 20 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆืคื™ื™ื” ื‘"ืคืจื—ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืฅ",
11:24
which is dramatically bigger than it would have been in the theaters
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ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข
11:27
or any other distribution.
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ืื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืคืฆื” ืื—ืจืช.
11:28
And so, we have some candy, too, but we have lots of broccoli.
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ื•ื›ืš, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื’ื ื›ืžื” ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื’ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืจื•ืงื•ืœื™.
11:33
And you know, if you have the good mix, you get to a healthy diet.
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ื•ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ืืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ื“ื™ืื˜ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
11:37
CA: But -- yes, indeed.
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืื‘ืœ -- ื›ืŸ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
11:39
But isn't it the case that algorithms tend to point you away from the broccoli
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ืื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืื•ืชืš ืžื”ื‘ืจื•ืงื•ืœื™
11:44
and towards the candy,
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ื•ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืœ ื”ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช,
11:45
if you're not careful?
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ืื ืืชื” ืœื ื–ื”ื™ืจ?
11:46
We just had a talk about how, on YouTube, somehow algorithms
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ื”ืจืฆืื” ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ, ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื™ื•-ื˜ื™ื•ื‘, ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื,
11:49
tend to, just by actually being smarter,
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ืจืง ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
11:53
tend to drive people towards more radical or specific content.
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ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืื• ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™.
11:57
It'd be easy to imagine that Netflix algorithms,
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉื”ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื˜ืคืœื™ืงืก,
12:00
just going on revealed values, would gradually --
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ืฉืžืชื‘ืกืกื™ื ืจืง ืขืœ ืขืจื›ื™ื ื’ืœื•ื™ื™ื, ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” --
12:04
RH: Right, get too base --
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ืจื™ื“: ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืžื•ื˜ื™ื ืžื“ื™ --
12:06
CA: We'd all be watching violent pornography or something.
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืจื ื• ืืœื™ื ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื“ื•ืžื”.
12:09
Or some people would, you know.
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ืื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื, ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข.
12:11
But, how --
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ืื‘ืœ, ืื™ืš --
12:12
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:14
Not me!
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ืœื ืื ื™!
12:16
I'm the child of a missionary, I don't even think about these things.
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ืื ื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ ืžื”ืžื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
12:20
But --
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ืื‘ืœ --
12:21
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:22
But I mean, it's possible, right?
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ืื‘ืœ, ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
12:25
RH: In practice, you're right that you can't just rely on algorithms.
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ืจื™ื“: ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืขืฉื™, ืืชื” ืฆื•ื“ืง ืฉื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืจืง ืขืœ ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื.
12:28
It's a mix of judgment and what we carry,
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ื–ื” ืชืžื”ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ื•ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš,
12:30
and we're a curated service
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืจื•ื›ืฉ ื•ืื•ืฆึตืจ ืชื•ื›ืŸ
12:31
versus a platform like Facebook and YouTube,
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ืœืขื•ืžืช ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ื•ื™ื•-ื˜ื™ื•ื‘,
12:34
so we have an easier set of issues,
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ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืงืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ,
12:37
which is: What are these great films and series that we acquire?
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ืฉื”ืŸ: ืžื” ื”ื ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื“ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื“ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ื?
12:42
But then within that, the algorithm is a tool.
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ื•ืื– ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื–ื”, ื”ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ื›ืœื™.
12:45
CA: But how -- John Doerr just talked about measuring what matters.
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืš -- ื’'ื•ื”ืŸ ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืจืฆื” ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
12:51
As a business, what matters, I presume,
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ื›ืขืกืง, ืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื—,
12:53
is fundamentally just growing subscribers.
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ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื ื•ื™ื™ื.
12:56
I mean, that's your unique advantage.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื–ื”ื• ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœื›ื.
13:00
Are subscribers grown only by the more time they spend watching Netflix,
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ื”ืื ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื‘ืžื ื•ื™ื™ื ื ื’ืจืžืช ืจืง ืข"ื™ ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฆืคื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื ื˜ืคืœื™ืงืก,
13:07
that is what will make them re-subscribe?
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ื ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื ื•ื™?
13:09
Or is it even more about having shows
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ืื• ืฉื–ื” ื ื’ืจื ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช
13:14
that might not have been so much time
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ืฉืœื ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืฆืคื™ื™ื” ื›ื” ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช
13:16
as watching the whole season of "Nailed It!" or whatever?
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ื›ืžื• ืฆืคื™ื™ื” ื‘ืขื•ื ื” ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืœ "ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™!" ืื• ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื”,
13:18
But just get into them more; they just think,
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืจืง ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืืœื™ื”ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ื ืจืง ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื,
13:21
"That was nourishing, that was extraordinary,
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"ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžึทืคืจื”, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ,
13:23
I'm so glad I watched that with my family."
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ืื ื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฉืžื— ืฉืฆืคื™ืชื™ ื‘ื–ื” ืขื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื™."
13:26
Isn't there a version of the business model
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ื”ืื ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžื•ื“ืœ ืขืกืงื™
13:28
that would be less content but more awesome content,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืชืœื•ื™ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื•, ืืœื ืžืชื‘ืกืก ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ,
13:31
possibly even more uplifting content?
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ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืฉื’ื‘?
ืจื™ื“: ืื ืฉื™ื ืื›ืŸ ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื ืฉื’ื‘ ื”ื–ื”.
13:34
RH: And people choose that uplifting content.
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13:36
I think you're right, which is, when people talk about Netflix,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืืชื” ืฆื•ื“ืง, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื ื˜ืคืœื™ืงืก,
13:39
they talk about the shows that move them:
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ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืขื•ืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื ืžืฉื”ื•:
13:41
"13 Reasons Why" or "The Crown."
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"13 ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžื”" ืื• "ื”ื›ืชืจ".
13:44
And that is way disproportionate and positive impact,
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ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžืื“ ื—ืกืจืช-ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื” ื•ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช,
13:48
even for the subscriber growth that you talked about
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื‘ืžื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื–ื›ืจืช
13:50
is those couple big, memorable shows.
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ืฉื ื’ืจืžื” ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืฉืชื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฉื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
13:53
But what we want to do is offer a variety.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ.
13:55
You don't want to watch the same thing every night, as much as you like it;
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ืืชื” ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืจื‘, ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืžื” ืืชื” ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื–ื”,
13:58
you want to try different things.
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ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื ืกื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
14:00
And what we haven't seen is this, say,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืœื ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืงื•ืจื”, ืื’ื‘,
14:02
race to the bottom of your violent pornography kind of examples.
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ื”ื•ื ื ื”ื™ืจื” ืœืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช, ื›ืžื• ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืฉืœ ืคื•ืจื•ื ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืืœื™ืžื”.
14:06
Instead, we've seen great viewing across a whole range --
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ืจืื™ื ื• ืฆืคื™ื™ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ืœืจื•ื—ื‘ ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื— --
14:09
"Black Mirror" -- we're filming season five now.
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"ืžืจืื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื”" -- ืื ื• ืžืฆืœืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ื›ืจื’ืข --
14:13
And that was a struggling show when it was only in the BBC.
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ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืกื“ืจื” ืฉื ืœื—ืžื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืงืจื ื” ืจืง ื‘ื‘ื™. ื‘ื™. ืกื™.
14:17
And with the distribution of on-demand,
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ื•ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืคืฆื” ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืขืœ-ืคื™-ื“ืจื™ืฉื”,
14:19
you can make these much bigger shows.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ืืœื”.
14:23
CA: You're telling me humans can get addicted
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื™, ื–ื” ืฉืžื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื›ืจ
14:25
by their angels as well as their demons.
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ืืœื• ื’ื ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื• ื•ื’ื ื”ืฉื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
14:28
RH: Yeah, and again, we try not to think about it in addiction terms,
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ืจื™ื“: ื›ืŸ, ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ืื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืžื›ืจื•ืช,
14:32
we think about it as, you know:
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื–ื”:
14:33
What are you going to do with your time and when you want to relax?
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ืžื” ืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืฉืœืš ื•ืžืชื™ ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ืจื’ืข?
14:37
You can watch linear TV, you can do video games, you can do YouTube,
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจื™ ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื—ืง ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื•, ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•-ื˜ื™ื•ื‘,
14:41
or you can watch Netflix.
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ืื• ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื ื˜ืคืœื™ืงืก.
14:43
And if we're as great as we can be, and we have a variety of moods,
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ื•ืื ื ื”ื™ื” ื›ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืขื ื” ืœืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™-ืจื•ื—,
14:47
then more often, people will choose us.
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ืื– ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ื ื•.
14:49
CA: But you have people in the organization
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ
14:52
who are looking regularly at the actual impacts
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ืฉื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช
14:58
of these brilliant algorithms that you've created.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื ื”ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื™ืฆืจืชื.
15:00
Just for reality check, just,
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ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช:
15:02
"Are we sure that this is the direction we want to go?"
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"ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืืœื™ื• ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืœื›ืช?"
15:05
RH: You know, I think we learn.
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ืจื™ื“: ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื.
15:07
And you have to be humble and sort of say, "Look, there's no perfect tool."
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ื•ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฆื ื•ืข ื•ืœืืžืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื•: "ืชืจืื•, ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœื™ ืžื•ืฉืœื."
ื”ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืื—ื“, ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžืคื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ,
15:11
The algorithmโ€™s one part, the way we commission the content,
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15:15
our relationships with societies.
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ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืขื ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช.
15:17
So there's a lot of ways that we have to look at it.
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
15:20
So if you get too stuck in "Let's just increase viewing"
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ืื ืืชื” ืชืงื•ืข ืขื: "ื‘ื•ืื• ืจืง ื ืขืœื” ืืช ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ื”ืฆืคื™ื™ื”"
15:23
or "Just increase subscribers,"
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ืื•: "ืจืง ื ืขืœื” ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื ื•ื™ื™ื",
15:25
you're unlikely to be able to grow and be the great company you want to be.
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ืื– ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœืฆืžื•ื— ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.
15:30
So think of it as this multiple measures of success.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื–ื” ื›ืืœ ืžื“ื“ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื”.
15:33
CA: So, speaking of algorithms that have raised questions:
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืื– ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื ืฉืขื•ืจืจื• ืฉืืœื•ืช:
ืืชื” ื”ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง,
15:36
You were on the board of Facebook,
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15:38
and I think Mark Zuckerberg -- you've done some mentoring for him.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืžืจืง ืฆื•ืงืจื‘ืจื’ -- ืืชื” ืขืฉื™ืช ืงืฆืช ื—ื•ื ื›ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื•.
15:42
What should we know about Mark Zuckerberg that people don't know?
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ืžื” ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืžืจืง ืฆื•ืงืจื‘ืจื’ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื?
15:49
RH: Well, many of you know him or have seen him.
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ืจื™ื“: ื˜ื•ื‘, ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืื• ืจืื• ืื•ืชื•.
15:51
I mean, he's a fantastic human being.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ื ื”ื“ืจ.
ื‘ืืžืช ืžื”ืžืขืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
15:54
Really first-class.
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15:56
And social -- these platforms, whether that's YouTube or Facebook,
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ื•ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช -- ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื”, ืื ื–ื• ื™ื•-ื˜ื™ื•ื‘ ืื• ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง,
16:01
are clearly trying to grow up quickly.
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืžื ืกื•ืช ืœืฆืžื•ื— ืžื”ืจ.
16:04
And we see that with all new technologies.
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ื•ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
16:06
I mean, yesterday we were talking about printed DNA,
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ืืชืžื•ืœ ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ ื”ื“ืคืกืช ื“ื™. ืื . ืื™ื™,
16:09
and it's like: could be fantastic or could be horrific.
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ื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช ืื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ืจื™ื“ื•ืช.
16:14
And you know, all new technologies --
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ื•ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื›ืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” --
16:16
when television was first popular in the 1960s in the US,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื”ืคื›ื” ืคื•ืคื•ืœืืจื™ืช ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-60,
16:19
it was called a "vast wasteland,"
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ื›ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื” "ืืจืฅ ืฉืžืžื” ืขื ืงื™ืช",
16:21
and that television was going to rot the minds of everybody.
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ื•ืืžืจื• ืฉื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื”ืจืงื™ื‘ ืืช ืžื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื.
16:24
It turns out everybody's minds were fine.
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ื”ืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื ืฉืืจื• ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื’ืžื•ืจ.
16:27
And there were some adjustments,
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ื•ื ืขืฉื• ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชืืžื•ืช,
16:29
but think of it as -- or, I think of it as --
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืš -- ืื•, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืš --
16:31
all new technologies have pros and cons.
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ืœื›ืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื™ืฉ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช.
16:34
And in social, we're just figuring that out.
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ื•ืขื ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืจืง ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ื“ืจืชื.
16:37
CA: How much of a priority is it for the board of Facebook
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ื‘ืจืืฉ ืžืขื™ื™ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง
16:40
to really address some of the issues?
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ืœืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืช ืขืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”?
16:42
Or is the belief that, actually,
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ืื• ืฉื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื ื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื”,
16:43
the company has been completely unfairly criticized?
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ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืœื ืžื•ืฆื“ืงืช?
16:47
RH: Oh, it's not completely unfairly.
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ืจื™ื“: ื”ื•, ื–ื” ืœื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ืฆื“ืง.
16:49
And Mark's leading the charge on fixing Facebook.
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ื•ืžึทืจืง ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื”ืœืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง.
16:52
And he's very passionate about that.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืื“ ืžืœื ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื”.
16:56
CA: Reed, I want to look at another passion of yours.
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืจื™ื“, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืื—ืจืช ืฉืœืš.
16:59
I mean, you've done incredibly well with Netflix, you're a billionaire,
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ืขืฉื™ืช ื ืคืœืื•ืช ืขื ื ื˜ืคืœื™ืงืก, ืืชื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ืจ,
17:04
and you spend a lot of time and indeed, money, on education.
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ื•ืืชื” ืžืงื“ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื–ืžื ืš ื•ืžื›ืกืคืš ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš.
17:09
RH: Yep.
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ืจื™ื“: ืื›ืŸ.
17:10
CA: Why is this a passion, and what are you doing about it?
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื• ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืฉืœืš, ื•ืžื” ืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื”?
ืจื™ื“: ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ. ืžื™ื“ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื•ืจื” ืœืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘ื‘ื™"ืก ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
17:13
RH: Sure. Right out of college, I was a high school math teacher.
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17:16
So when I later went into business and became a philanthropist,
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ื•ื›ืš, ื›ืฉืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคื ื™ืชื™ ืœืขืกืงื™ื ื•ื ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืชื•ืจื ืฉืœ ื›ืกืคื™ื,
17:20
I think I gravitated towards education
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ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื ื˜ื™ืชื™ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš
17:23
and trying to make a difference there.
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ื‘ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื‘ื• ื”ื‘ื—ื ืชื™ ื”ื•ื,
17:26
And the main thing I noticed is, you know,
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17:28
educators want to work with other great educators
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ืฉืžื—ื ื›ื™ื ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ืžื—ื ื›ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
17:31
and to create many unique environments for kids.
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ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
17:34
And we need a lot more variety in the system
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ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช
17:37
than we have,
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ืžืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•,
17:38
and a lot more educator-centric organizations.
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ื•ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžืชืจื›ื–ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš.
17:41
And so the tricky thing is, right now in the US,
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ ื”ื•ื, ืฉื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•,
17:44
most schools are run by a local school board.
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ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืžื ื•ื”ืœื™ื ืข"ื™ ื”ื ื”ืœื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช.
ื•ื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”,
17:48
And it has to meet all needs in the community,
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื• ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ.
17:51
and, in fact, what we need is a lot more variety.
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17:53
So in the US there's a form of public school
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ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื™ืฉื ื• ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื
17:56
called charter public schools, that are run by nonprofits.
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ืฉื ืงืจืื™ื ื‘ืชื™-ืกืคืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืขืฆืžืื™ื™ื, ืฉืžื ื•ื”ืœื™ื ืข"ื™ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืœืœื ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืจื•ื•ื—.
17:59
And that's the big emphasis for me,
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ื“ื’ืฉ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจื™,
18:01
is if you can have schools run by nonprofits,
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื ื•ื”ืœื™ื ืข"ื™ ืžืœื›"ืจื™ื
18:04
they are more mission-focused, they support the educators well.
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ื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื•ืงื“ื™-ืžื˜ืจื”, ื”ื ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื—ื ื›ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
18:08
I'm on the board of KIPP charter schools,
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืจืฉืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ื™ื KIPP,
18:10
which is one of the larger networks.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
18:12
And, you know, it's 30,000 kids a year getting very stimulating education.
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ื•ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘-30,000 ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืืฉืจ ืžืื“ ืžืขื•ื“ื“ ืœืœืžื•ื“.
18:17
CA: Paint me a picture of what a school should look like.
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืฆื™ื™ืจ ืœื™ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจ ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช.
ืจื™ื“: ื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืœื“.
18:22
RH: It depends on the kid.
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18:23
Think about it as: with multiple kids, there's all different needs
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ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืš: ืขื ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื
18:26
that need to be met,
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื,
18:27
so there's not any one model.
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ื›ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ื’ื ื™ื—ื™ื“.
ื•ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ,
18:29
And you want to be able to choose,
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18:30
depending on your kid and what you think they need.
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ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ืš ื•ืœืžื” ืฉืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื•.
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืžื—ื ื›ื™ื ื•ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ื•ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“
18:33
But they should be very educator-centric and curious and stimulating
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18:36
and all of those things.
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ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื”.
18:38
And this whole idea of 30 kids in fifth grade,
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ 30 ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ืชื” ื”',
18:40
all learning the same thing at the same time,
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ื›ื•ืœื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
ื–ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืžืŸ ื ืกื™ื’ื” ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ืช.
18:43
you know, is clearly an industrial throwback.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”, ื‘ื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™,
18:46
But changing that, given the current government structure,
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18:50
is super hard.
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ื–ื” ืงืฉื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
18:51
But what these innovative, nonprofit schools are doing is pushing the bounds,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ืชื™-ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ืœืœื ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืจื•ื•ื—, ืขื•ืฉื™ื
ื”ื•ื ืœืžืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
18:56
letting kids try new things.
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18:59
And so think of it as the governance reform,
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ื›ืš ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืขืœ ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช,
19:03
that is, the nonprofit,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื”ื•ืœ ืœืœื ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืจื•ื•ื—,
19:04
to allow the educational changes.
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื™ื.
19:07
CA: And sometimes the criticism is put that charter schools,
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื™ืฉื ื” ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ื™ื,
19:12
intentionally or unintentionally,
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ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืื• ืฉืœื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื”,
ื’ื•ื–ืœื™ื ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืžืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื.
19:14
suck resources away from the public school system.
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19:16
Should we be concerned about that?
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ื”ืื ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื˜ืจื“ื™ื ืžื–ื”?
19:18
RH: Well, they are public schools.
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ืจื™ื“: ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืชื™-ืกืคืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื.
19:20
I mean, there's these multiple types of public schools.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื™ืฉื ื ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืฆื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื.
ื•ืื ืืชื” ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ื™ื ื›ืžื›ืœื•ืœ,
19:23
And if you look at charters as a whole,
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19:26
they serve low-income kids.
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ื”ื ืžืฉืจืชื™ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืขื•ื˜ื™-ื”ื›ื ืกื”.
19:28
Because if high-income kids get in trouble,
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื‘ืชื™ื ืขื ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืฆืจื•ืช,
19:30
the parents will send them to a private school
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ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื™ืฉืœื—ื• ืื•ืชื ืœื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจ ืคืจื˜ื™
19:32
or they move neighborhoods.
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ืื• ืฉื”ื ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจืช.
19:34
And low-income families generally don't have those choices.
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ื•ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžืขื•ื˜ื•ืช-ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
ื›ืžื• ื‘ืจืฉืช KIPP -- ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” 80 ืื—ื•ื– ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืขื•ื˜ื™-ื™ื›ื•ืœืช, ืขื ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื ืื• ืžืกื•ื‘ืกื“ื•ืช.
19:37
Like KIPP -- it's 80 percent low-income kids, free and reduced lunch.
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ื•ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ืœืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ KIPP ื”ื ื ื”ื“ืจื™ื.
19:42
And the college admissions for KIPP is fantastic.
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19:45
CA: Reed, you signed the Giving Pledge a few years ago,
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืจื™ื“, ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคืช ืœืžื™ื–ื "ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืชื™ื ื”" ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื,
19:48
you're committed to giving away more than half of your fortune
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ืืชื” ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืชืจื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ื•ื ืš
ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืš.
19:51
during your lifetime.
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19:52
Can I cheekily ask how much you've invested in education
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ื”ืื ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื” ื”ืฉืงืขืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš
19:55
in the last few years?
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ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช?
19:57
RH: It's a couple hundred million, I don't know exactly how many hundreds,
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ืจื™ื“: ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื, ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช,
20:00
but we're continuing to invest and --
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื• --
20:02
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื•ืœื›ื --
20:04
thank you all --
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
20:05
(Applause)
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20:06
You know, honestly, for a little while I tried to do politics full-time,
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ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช, ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืœื-ืืจื•ืš ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ืžืœืื”,
20:11
working for John Doerr.
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ื›ืฉืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’'ื•ื”ืŸ ื“ื•ืจ.
20:13
And while I loved working for John, I just didn't thrive on politics.
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื’'ื•ื”ืŸ, ืœื ืคืจื—ืชื™ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”.
20:17
I love business, I love competing.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืขืกืงื™ื, ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืชื—ืจื•ืช.
20:19
I love going up against Disney and HBO.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืœื›ืช ื ื’ื“ ื“ื™ืกื ื™ ื•-HBO.
20:22
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
20:23
That's what gets me going.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืžื ื™ืข ืื•ืชื™.
ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื ื˜ืคืœื™ืงืก,
20:25
And now I do that to really increase Netflix's value,
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20:28
which allows me to write more checks to schools.
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ืžื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื—ืื•ืช ืœื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ.
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœืขืช ืขืชื”, ืืœื” ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืฉืœืžื™ื.
20:32
And so for now, it's the perfect life.
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20:35
CA: Reed, you're a remarkable person, you've changed all of our lives
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ื›ืจื™ืก: ืจื™ื“, ืืชื” ื‘ืŸ-ืื“ื ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ, ืืชื” ืฉื™ื ื™ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื›ื•ืœื ื•
20:38
and the lives of many kids.
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ื•ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื.
20:40
Thank you so much for coming to TED.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืžืื“ ืขืœ ืฉื”ื’ืขืช ืœ-TED.
20:42
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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