Itamar Mann: A new approach to defending the human rights of migrants | TED Fellows

31,040 views ใƒป 2021-06-16

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Or Sinai ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:14
[SHAPE YOUR FUTURE]
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[ืขืฆื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœื›ื]
00:17
A decade ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืขืฉื•ืจ,
00:18
after a peaceful revolution toppled the longtime Tunisian dictator Ben Ali,
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ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืžื”ืคื›ื” ืฉืœื•ื•ื” ื”ืคื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืงื˜ื˜ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืง ื‘ืŸ-ืขืœื™ ืฉืฉืœื˜ ื‘ืชื•ื ื™ืก,
00:22
I was sitting in an orange grove outside of Athens, Greece.
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ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฉื” ื›ืชื•ืžื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืชื•ื ื”, ื™ื•ื•ืŸ.
00:26
Undocumented migrants were hiding there.
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ืžื”ื’ืจื™ื ืœื ืจืฉื•ืžื™ื ื”ืชื—ื‘ืื• ืฉื.
00:28
I came to interview them
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ื‘ืืชื™ ืœืจืื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื
00:29
about human rights abuses they had suffered while entering Europe.
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืคืจืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ื›ื ืกื• ืœืื™ืจื•ืคื”.
00:33
One of them, a Tunisian fellow in a leather jacket, explained.
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื, ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืชื•ื ื™ืกืื™ ื‘ื’โ€™ืงื˜ ืขื•ืจ, ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ.
00:37
The people who overthrew Ben Ali,
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืคื™ืœื• ืืช ื‘ืŸ-ืขืœื™,
00:39
they want democracy and a dignified life.
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ื”ื ืจืฆื• ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื.
00:41
โ€œWe, who have crossed the Mediterranean, want democracy and a dignified life.โ€
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โ€œืื ื—ื ื•, ืฉื—ืฆื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื.โ€
00:45
What is the difference?
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ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ?
00:47
The migrant is a kind of revolutionary.
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ื”ืžื”ื’ืจ ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžื”ืคื›ืŸ.
00:49
This idea stuck with me
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื ืฉืืจ ืื™ืชื™
00:51
and informed my work as a lawyer and a scholar ever since.
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ื•ืขื™ืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ื›ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื›ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืžืื–.
00:55
As Middle Eastern revolutions turned into civil wars,
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ื›ืฉืžื”ืคื›ื•ืช ืžื–ืจื—-ืชื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื,
00:58
the refugee crisis unfolded in the Mediterranean.
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ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื ืคืจืฉ ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
01:01
This exacerbated political pressures against asylum seekers.
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ื–ื” ื”ื—ืจื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื ื’ื“ ืžื—ืคืฉื™ ืžืงืœื˜.
01:05
Initially, the European Court of Human Rights
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ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื
01:08
took a strong stand against border violence.
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ืื™ืžืฅ ืขืžื“ื” ื ื•ืงืฉื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช.
01:10
In 2012, the court decided
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ื‘- 2012, ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜
01:12
that Italy cannot turn asylum seekers back from the Mediterranean
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ืฉืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืžื—ืคืฉื™ ืžืงืœื˜ ืžื”ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ
01:16
to dangerous Libyan territory, without first hearing them.
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ืœื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืœื•ื‘ื™ืช ืžืกื•ื›ื ืช, ื‘ืœื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืื•ืชื ืงื•ื“ื.
01:19
The human rights community cheered.
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ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื ื”ืจื™ืขื”.
01:21
I was not one of those who cheered.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื—ื“ ืžืืœื” ืฉื”ืจื™ืขื•.
01:23
In my scholarship,
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ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™,
01:24
I predicted that this kind of decision could also generate bad results.
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ื—ื–ื™ืชื™ ืฉืกื•ื’ ื›ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืจืขื•ืช.
01:29
States determined to enforce their own borders
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ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื ื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ืœืื›ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืืœื™ื”ืŸ
01:31
could turn back asylum seekers
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืžื—ืคืฉื™ ืžืงืœื˜
01:33
even before they enter the supervision of their own courts.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืฉื’ื—ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฉืœื”ื.
01:36
I was regretfully correct.
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ืœืฆืขืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืฆื“ืงืชื™.
01:39
In recent years,
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ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
01:40
the Italians have relied on Libyan militias to do their dirty work.
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ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ื ื ืกืžื›ื• ืขืœ ืžืœื™ืฆื™ื•ืช ืœื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื”.
01:44
So eager are some European governments
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ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื ื—ื•ืฉื•ืช
01:46
to ditch their own human rights obligations,
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ืœื”ืคืจ ืืช ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืขืฆืžืŸ,
01:48
they've equipped and armed Libyan militia,
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ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื™ืžื ื• ื•ื—ื™ืžืฉื• ืžื™ืœื™ืฆื™ื” ืœื•ื‘ื™ืช,
01:51
ignoring their rampant use of torture.
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ื‘ื”ืชืขืœืžื•ืช ืžื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื.
01:54
This is also why, since January 2014,
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ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื, ืžืื– ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2014,
01:57
more than 34,000 migrants have died by drowning in the Mediterranean.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž34,000 ืžื”ื’ืจื™ื ืžืชื• ืžื˜ื‘ื™ืขื” ื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
02:02
And since COVID-19 began,
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ื•ืžืื– ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžื’ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”,
02:04
the militarized border in the Mediterranean
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ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ
02:06
has become in some ways even more extreme.
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ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™.
02:08
But how does the militarized border cause deaths by drowning?
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืš ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ื’ื•ืจื ืœืžื•ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื˜ื‘ื™ืขื”?
02:11
I'd like to illustrate by a reference to a case I'm currently working on.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžืชื•ืš ืžืงืจื” ืขืœื™ื• ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ืจื’ืข.
02:15
On November 6, 2017,
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ื‘ืฉื™ืฉื™ ืœื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ, 2017,
02:18
a group of asylum seekers left the Libyan coast
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืคืฉื™ ืžืงืœื˜ ืขื–ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืœื•ื‘ื™
02:20
and traveled through the Mediterranean, hoping to reach Europe.
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ื•ืฉื˜ื” ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื™ืจื•ืคื”.
02:24
As the overcrowded boat started to break down,
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ื›ืฉื”ืกื™ืจื” ื”ืฆืคื•ืคื” ืžื“ื™ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืชืคืจืง,
02:27
they sent a distress signal,
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ื”ื ืฉืœื—ื• ืื•ืช ืžืฆื•ืงื”, ื•ืชื—ืช ื—ื•ืง ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™,
02:28
and under international law,
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02:30
states are obligated to facilitate the rescue of vessels in distress.
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ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื—ืœืฅ ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ื˜ ื‘ืžืฆื•ืงื”.
02:34
Now, a strange confrontation followed.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืขื™ืžื•ืช ืžื•ื–ืจ ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ.
02:36
Two vessels, not one,
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ืฉื ื™ ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ื˜, ืœื ืื—ื“,
02:38
came to pick up the asylum seekers in distress.
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ื‘ืื• ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืืช ืžื—ืคืฉื™ ื”ืžืงืœื˜ ื‘ืžืฆื•ืงื”.
02:41
One of them was sailing under a European flag,
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื”ืคืœื™ื’ ืชื—ืช ื“ื’ืœ ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™,
02:43
its crew in civilian clothing.
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ืขื ืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื.
02:45
The other was a Libyan vessel with its crew armed
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ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ื˜ ืœื•ื‘ื™ ืขื ืฆื•ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืฉ
02:48
and in the very uniform of the government that these people had fled.
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ื•ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžืžื ื” ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืจื—ื•.
02:54
For the asylum seekers, the choice was clear.
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืžื—ืคืฉื™ ื”ืžืงืœื˜, ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”.
02:56
Many jumped into the water,
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืงืคืฆื• ืœืžื™ื,
02:58
determined at all costs not to let the Libyans pick them up.
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ื ื—ื•ืฉื™ื ืœื ืœืชืช ืœืœื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื—ื™ืจ.
03:02
Twenty people drowned,
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ืขืฉืจื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื•,
03:04
victims of a contemporary struggle for liberation across borders.
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ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืื‘ืง ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื—ื•ืฆื” ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจ.
03:07
What I didn't predict a few years back
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ืžื” ืฉืœื ืฆืคื™ืชื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืงื•ื“ื
03:09
was the courageous response of civil society volunteers
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ื”ื™ื” ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืืžื™ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช
03:13
such as members of Sea-Watch,
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ื›ืžื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ โ€œืžืฉืžืจืช ื”ื™ืโ€
03:14
who have literally inserted their bodies between the Libyan forces
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ืฉืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช, ื—ืฆืฆื• ืขื ื’ื•ืคื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื‘ื™ื
03:18
and the migrants in the water.
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ืœืžื”ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื.
03:19
Crucially, they've also brought back images
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ื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื’ื ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”
03:22
from cameras on board and body cams.
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ืžืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ ื•ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ื’ื•ืฃ.
03:24
These images allowed my colleagues,
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ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืืคืฉืจื• ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
03:26
Charles Heller and Lorenzo Pezzani
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ืฆโ€™ืืจืœืก ื”ืœืจ ื•ืœื•ืจื ื–ื• ืคื–ืื ื™
03:28
to visually reconstruct the events of November 2017.
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ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ืืช ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2017.
03:32
When they came to my team and me
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ื›ืฉื”ื ื‘ืื• ืืœ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื•ืืœื™ื™
03:33
asking that we go back to the European Court of Human Rights,
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ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืฉื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื,
03:36
I was hesitant.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื”ื•ืกืก.
03:37
States always have ways to circumvent progressive human rights decisions,
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ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื,
03:41
but the evidence spoke for itself.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจืื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ื‘ืขื“ ืขืฆืžืŸ.
03:44
With my colleagues Violeta Moreno-Lax and Loredana Leo,
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ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืขืžื™ืชื™ ื•ื™ื•ืœื˜ ืžื•ืจื ื•-ืœืงืก ื•ืœื•ืจื“ื ื” ืœืื•
03:47
we filed the case at the European Court of Human Rights.
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ื”ื’ืฉื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื™ืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื.
03:50
We argue that Italy, as well as Europe,
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ื˜ืขื ื• ืฉืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืื™ืจื•ืคื”,
03:52
cannot rely on Libyan militia to sidestep their own accountability.
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ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ืžืœื™ืฆื™ื” ืœื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ืžืง ืžื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”.
03:57
On a high level of generality,
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื›ื™ ื›ืœืœื™ืช,
03:58
the question is when is a point of contact established
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ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื ืžืชื™ ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ื”ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื”ื’ื ื”
04:01
between a person in need of protection
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04:03
and a state that can protect them.
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ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกืคืง ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ื”ื–ื•, ืžืชืจื—ืฉ.
04:06
I've called this moment the human rights encounter.
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ืงืจืืชื™ ืœืจื’ืข ื–ื” ืžืคื’ืฉ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื.
04:08
It is a dramatic moment
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ื–ื”ื• ืจื’ืข ื“ืจืžื˜ื™.
04:09
in which legal commitments are put to an existential test.
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ืฉื‘ื• ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืžื•ืช ืœืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืงื™ื•ืžื™.
04:13
It's not about human rights law generally,
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ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ื’ืข ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื ื‘ื›ืœืœื™,
04:16
but a particular person in a particular time.
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ืืœื ืื™ืฉ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื.
04:19
About simple commitments we have to each other as persons.
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ืขืœ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืื—ื“ ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืื—ืจ ื›ืื ืฉื™ื.
04:23
It is not merely by chance that the sea becomes the environment
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ื–ื” ืœื ืกืชื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื”ืคืš ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
04:27
for this large-scale struggle for liberation across borders.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช.
04:31
As for the court, it has recognized the human rights encounter,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื”ื•ื ื–ื™ื”ื” ืืช ืžืคื’ืฉ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื,
04:35
when it's physical and direct.
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื™ื–ื™ ื•ื™ืฉื™ืจ.
04:37
In the case I just told you about,
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ืจื’ืข ืกื™ืคืจืชื™ ืœื›ื ืขืœื™ื•,
04:39
we go further.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืงื“ื™ืžื”.
04:40
Even when mediated by technology or by proxy forces,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื–ื” ืžื˜ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื˜ื›ื ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืคื™ ื›ื•ื—,
04:43
the underlying commitments to human rights should not change.
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ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช.
04:47
In my organization, the Global Legal Action Network,
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ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืจืฉืช ืคืขื•ืœื” ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช,
04:50
we pursue this case I told you about
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืกื™ืคืจืชื™ ืœื›ื ืขืœื™ื•
04:52
as part of a strategic litigation program.
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ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื™ื“ื ื•ืช.
04:55
We consider international law and the laws of many countries.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช.
04:58
We collaborate with researchers
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื.
05:00
and activists who use cutting edge technologies
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ื•ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช
05:03
to document violations across many borders.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืชืขื“ ื”ืคืจื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื.
05:06
As war, persecution and climate change continue,
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ื›ืฉืžืœื—ืžื•ืช, ืจื“ื™ืคื” ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืงืœื™ื ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื,
05:08
we believe this strategy will redefine the future of human rights lawyering.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืชื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื
05:13
The future of human rights lawyering
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ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื
05:15
is not only about a struggle against one corrupt leader or another.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ืžืื‘ืง ื ื’ื“ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืื—ื“ ืžื•ืฉื—ืช ืื• ืื—ืจ,
05:20
It's also about questions concerning
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ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช
05:22
how do we all inhabit this planet together?
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ื‘ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื›ืœืกื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืœื ื˜ื” ื”ื–ื• ื™ื—ื“?
05:25
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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