Why you should love gross science | Anna Rothschild

64,091 views ใƒป 2018-07-12

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Did you know that one of the first fertility drugs
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Shlomo Adam ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Roni Ravia
ื”ืื ื™ื“ืขืชื ืฉืื—ืช ืžืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช
00:04
was made from the pee of Catholic nuns,
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ื”ื•ื›ื ื” ืžืคื™ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืงืชื•ืœื™ื•ืช,
00:09
and that even the Pope got involved?
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ื•ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืืคื™ืคื™ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ื›ืš?
00:12
So, this is totally true.
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ื–ืืช ืืžืช ืœืืžื™ืชื”.
00:13
Back in the 1950s, scientists knew that when women enter menopause,
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ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-50 ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-20 ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื™ื“ืขื• ืฉื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ
00:19
they start releasing high levels of fertility hormones in their urine.
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ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉืชืŸ ืจืžื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจืžื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ.
00:24
But there was this doctor named Bruno Lunenfeld,
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ืื‘ืœ ืจื•ืคื ืื—ื“, ื‘ืจื•ื ื• ืœื•ื ื ืคืœื“,
ืชื”ื” ืื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžื”ืฉืชืŸ
00:27
who wondered if he could actually isolate those hormones from the urine
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00:31
and use it to help women who are having trouble getting pregnant.
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ื•ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืขื–ืจืชื• ืœื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชืงืฉื• ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ.
00:34
Obviously, the problem with this was that in order to test this idea,
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
00:38
he needed a lot of pee from older women.
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ื”ื•ื ื ื–ืงืง ืœื”ืžื•ืŸ ืคื™ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื•ืช.
00:43
And that is not an easy thing to find.
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ื•ืืช ื–ื”, ืœื ืงืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื.
00:45
So he and his colleagues got special permission from the Pope
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ืื– ื”ื•ื ื•ืขืžื™ืชื™ื• ื”ืฉื™ื’ื• ื”ื™ืชืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžื”ืืคื™ืคื™ื•ืจ
00:51
to collect gallons and gallons of urine
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ืœืืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ ืœื™ื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืชืŸ
00:55
from hundreds of older Catholic nuns.
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ืžืžืื•ืช ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืงืชื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื•ืช.
00:59
And in doing so,
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืื›ืŸ ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื‘ื•ื“ื“ ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ื
01:01
he actually isolated hormones
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ืฉืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืจื•ืช,
01:03
that are still used to help women get pregnant today,
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ืื ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื”
01:06
though now, they can be synthesized in a lab,
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ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคื™ืคื™.
01:09
and gallons of pee aren't necessary.
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01:12
So why am I standing up here,
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ืื– ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื›ืืŸ
01:14
telling this wonderfully intellectual audience about nun pee?
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ื•ืžืกืคืจืช ืœืงื”ืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ ื•ื”ื ืคืœื ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช?
ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžื“ืข ื•ืžืคื™ืงืช ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื“ื™ื”
01:21
Well, I'm a science journalist and multimedia producer,
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01:24
who has always been fascinated by gross stuff.
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ืฉื”ื•ืงืกืžื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื’ืขื™ืœื™ื.
ื”ื ื›ื” ืžืงืกื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชื™, ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฆืจืชื™ ืกื“ืจืช ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ "ื™ื•-ื˜ื™ื•ื‘" ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช
01:29
So fascinated, in fact, that I started a weekly YouTube series
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ื‘ืฉื "ืžื“ืข ืžื’ืขื™ืœ",
01:33
called "Gross Science,"
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01:34
all about the slimy, smelly, creepy underbelly
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ืฉืขื•ืกืงืช ื›ื•ืœื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืจื™ืจื™ื™ื, ื”ืžืกืจื™ื—ื™ื, ื”ืžื‘ื—ื™ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืขื™ืžื™ื
ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
01:39
of nature, medicine and technology.
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01:42
Now, I think most of us would agree
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื
01:44
that there's something a little gross about pee.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืงืฆืช ืžื’ืขื™ืœ ื‘ืคื™ืคื™.
ื”ืจื™ ืื ื• ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื”
01:47
You know, it's something that we don't really like to talk about,
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ื•ืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืืงื˜ ืขืฆืžื• ื™ื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช.
01:50
and we keep the act of doing it very private.
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01:53
But when Lunenfeld peered into the world of pee,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืœื•ื ื ืคืœื“ ื”ืฆื™ืฅ ืœืชื•ืš ืขื•ืœื ื”ืคื™ืคื™,
ื”ื•ื ื’ื™ืœื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืžืื“ ืœืื ื•ืฉื•ืช.
01:57
he discovered something deeply helpful to humanity.
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02:00
And after a year and a half of making my show,
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืงืช ื”ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœื™,
02:04
I can tell you that very often when we explore the gross side of life,
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ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืฉืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืื“, ื›ืฉืื ื• ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืžื’ืขื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
02:09
we find insights that we never would have thought we'd find,
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ืื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉื ืžืฆื
02:12
and we even often reveal beauty that we didn't think was there.
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ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื™ื•ืคื™ ืฉืœื ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉืงื™ื™ื.
02:16
I think it's important for us to talk about gross things for a few reasons.
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ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื’ืขื™ืœื™ื ืžื›ืžื” ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช.
ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ, ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื’ืขื™ืœื™ื
02:21
So, first of all, talking about gross stuff
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02:23
is a great tool for education,
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ื”ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ ืžืขื•ืœื”,
02:26
and it's an excellent way to preserve curiosity.
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ื•ื“ืจืš ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืกืงืจื ื•ืช.
02:30
To explain what I mean,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืžื” ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื™,
02:31
why don't I tell you a little bit about what I was like as a child?
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ืื•ืœื™ ืืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื™, ื›ื™ืœื“ื”?
ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžื›ื ื™ื "ื™ืœื“ื” ืžื’ืขื™ืœื”".
02:36
So, I was what you might call a gross kid.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืœืžื“ืข
02:41
In fact, my love of science itself
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ื ื•ืœื“ื” ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ืจื™ ืงื ื• ืœื™ ืขืจื›ืช ื›ื™ืžื™ื” ืœื”ื›ื ืช ืจืคืฉ
02:44
began when my parents bought me a slime chemistry set
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02:47
and was then only enhanced
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืขืžื™ืงื” ื›ืฉืขืจื›ืชื™ ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืžื’ืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื•'.
02:50
by doing gross experiments in my sixth-grade biology class.
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02:53
We did things like, we swabbed surfaces around our classroom
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžื™ื ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื”
02:58
and cultured the bacteria we'd collected,
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ื•ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืชืจื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืฉืืกืคื ื•,
ื‘ื™ืชืจื ื• ืฆื ืคื•ืช ื™ื ืฉื•ืคื™ื,
03:01
and we dissected owl pellets,
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03:03
which are these balls of material that are undigested that owls barf up,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจ ืœื-ืžืขื•ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ืคื™ื ืžืงื™ืื™ื,
03:08
and it's really kind of gross and awesome and cool.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžื’ืขื™ืœ ื•ืžืขื•ืœื” ื•ืžื’ื ื™ื‘.
03:12
Now, the fact that I was obsessed with gross stuff as a kid
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืจื•ืชืงืช ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื’ืขื™ืœื™ื ื›ื™ืœื“ื”
ืื™ื ื ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื”ืคื›ื ื™.
03:15
is not so revolutionary.
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03:16
You know, lots of kids are really into gross things,
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ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื’ืขื™ืœื™ื,
03:19
like playing in dirt or collecting beetles or eating their boogers.
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ื›ืžื• ืœืฉื—ืง ื‘ื‘ื•ืฅ, ืœืืกื•ืฃ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื’ื•ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืืฃ.
03:24
And why is that?
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ื•ืžื“ื•ืข?
03:26
I think really little kids are like little explorers.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื”ื ื›ืžื• ื’ืฉืฉื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื.
03:30
They just want to experience as much as they can
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ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ
03:33
and don't have any idea about the relative acceptability
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ
ืœื’ืขืช ื‘ืคืจืช ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืœืขื•ืžืช ื—ืจืง ืžืกืจื™ื—.
03:37
of touching a ladybug versus a stinkbug.
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03:40
They just want to understand how everything works
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ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ื›ืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“
03:43
and experience as much of life as they can.
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ื•ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
03:45
And that is pure curiosity.
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ื–ืืช ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ื˜ื”ื•ืจื”.
03:48
But then adults step in,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ืžืชืขืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื
03:50
and we tell kids not to pick their noses and not to touch the slugs or toads
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ื•ืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื ืœื—ื˜ื˜ ื‘ืืฃ ื•ืœื ืœื’ืขืช ื‘ื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืจืคื“ื•ืช
03:55
or whatever else they find in the backyard,
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ืื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžื’ืขื™ืœื™ื.
03:57
because those things are gross.
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03:59
And we do that in part to keep kids safe, right?
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ื•ื—ืœืงื™ืช, ืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
04:02
Like, maybe picking your nose spreads germs
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ื—ื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ื‘ืืฃ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื
04:05
and maybe touching that toad will give you warts,
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ื•ื ื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงืจืคื“ื” ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ืขื•ืจ,
ืื ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
04:09
even though I don't actually think that's true.
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04:11
You should feel free to touch as many toads as you want.
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ืชืจื’ื™ืฉื• ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืœื’ืขืช ื‘ื›ืžื” ืงืจืคื“ื•ืช ืฉืชืจืฆื•.
ืื– ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ื›ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืงืฆืช,
04:15
So at a certain point, when kids get a little bit older,
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04:18
there's this way that engaging with gross stuff
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ื”ืžื’ืข ืขื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื’ืขื™ืœื™ื
04:21
isn't just about curiosity,
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื ื• ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“,
04:22
it's also about, sort of, finding out where the limits are,
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ืืœื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืžื”ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช,
04:25
pushing the boundaries of what's OK.
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ืœื“ื—ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืžื•ืชืจ.
ืื– ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื™ืขืจื›ื• ืชื—ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ืจืขืคืกื™ื
04:28
So, lots of kids of a certain age will have burping competitions
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04:32
or competitions to see who can make the grossest face.
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ืื• ืชื—ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ ื”ื›ื™ ืžื’ืขื™ืœ.
04:36
And they do that in part because it's a little bit transgressive, right?
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ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื—ืœืงื™ืช ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ืžืจื“ื ื™, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
04:40
But there's another layer to why we define stuff as gross.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืจื•ื‘ื“ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ืฉืื ื• ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื’ืขื™ืœ.
04:44
As humans, we've sort of extended the concept of disgust to morality.
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ืื ื•, ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื, ื”ื—ืœื ื• ืืช ืชืคื™ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืขืœ ื’ื ืขืœ ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื•ืกืจ.
04:51
So, the psychologist Paul Rozin would say
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ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ ืคื•ืœ ืจื•ื–ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ
04:54
that many of the things we categorize as gross
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ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืžืกื•ื•ื’ื™ื ื›ืžื’ืขื™ืœื™ื
04:57
are things that reminds us that we're just animals.
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ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืฉืื ื• ืจืง ื‘ืขืœื™-ื—ื™ื™ื.
ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื ื•ื–ืœื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืกืงืก,
05:01
These are things like bodily fluids and sex
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05:05
and physical abnormalities and death.
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ื•ืžื•ื–ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื•ืช.
05:09
And the idea that we're just animals can be really unsettling,
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ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ืจืง ื‘ืขืœื™-ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ ืžืื“,
05:13
because it can be this reminder of our own mortality.
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ื›ื™ ื–ืืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชื–ื›ื•ืจืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื ื™-ืชืžื•ืชื”.
05:17
And that can leave many of us with this deep existential angst.
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ื•ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืชื™ืจ ื‘ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื—ืจื“ื” ืงื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืขืžื•ืงื”.
05:22
Rozin would say that there's this way
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ืจื•ื–ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื”, ื”ื’ื•ืขืœ ื•ื”ื”ื™ืžื ืขื•ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื’ืขื™ืœื™ื
05:24
in which disgust and the avoidance of gross things
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05:29
becomes not just a way to protect our bodies,
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ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืœืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื’ื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ
05:32
it becomes a way to protect our souls.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืœืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื ืคืฉ.
05:36
I think at a certain point, kids really begin to internalize
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ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ืคื ื™ื
05:39
this link between disgusting things and immorality.
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ืืช ื”ื–ื™ืงื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื’ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืกืจ-ืžื•ืกืจื™ื•ืช.
05:43
And while I don't have any concrete data to back up this next idea,
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืงื™ื ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื,
05:49
I think that for a lot of us, it happens around the time we hit puberty.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื•, ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืช.
05:55
And you know -- yeah, I know.
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื - ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช. [ืื ื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืช]
05:59
So during puberty, our bodies are changing,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื• ืžืฉืชื ื”,
06:02
and we're sweating more, and girls get their periods,
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ืื ื• ืžื–ื™ืขื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ,
06:06
and we're thinking about sex in this way that we never did before.
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ื•ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืกืงืก ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœื ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืขื“ ืื–.
06:09
And through the human capacity for abstraction,
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื”ืคืฉื˜ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื‘ื•ืฉื” ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ื ื•.
06:12
this shame can settle in.
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ืื ื• ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืจืง ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื,
06:15
So we don't necessarily just think,
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06:17
"Oh, my goodness, something really gross is happening to my body!"
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"ืื•ื™ ื•ืื‘ื•ื™, ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืžืฉ ืžื’ืขื™ืœ ืงื•ืจื” ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื™!"
06:20
We think, "Oh my God, maybe I'm gross.
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ืืœื, "ืื•ื™ ื•ืื‘ื•ื™. ืื•ืœื™ ืื ื™ ืžื’ืขื™ืœื”.
06:24
And maybe that means that there's something bad or wrong about me."
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"ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืื• ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ ืืฆืœื™."
06:29
The thing is, that if you de facto associate gross stuff with immorality,
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ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ืžืงืฉืจื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื’ืขื™ืœื™ื ืขื ื—ื•ืกืจ-ืžื•ืกืจื™ื•ืช,
06:34
you lose a huge part of your curiosity,
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ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืกืงืจื ื•ืช,
06:37
because there is so much out there in the world
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ื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืœื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงืฆืช ืžื’ืขื™ืœื™ื.
06:40
that is a little bit gross.
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06:41
Like, think about going for a walk in the woods.
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ื‘ื” ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืขืจ.
06:44
You could just pay attention to the birds and the trees and the flowers
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืจืง ืœืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืœืขืฆื™ื ื•ืœืคืจื—ื™ื
06:48
and that would be fine,
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื’ืžื•ืจ.
06:49
but in my view, you'd be missing a bigger and more awesome picture
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™, ืžื—ืžื™ืฆื™ื ื›ืš ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื”ื ื”ื“ืจืช ื™ื•ืชืจ
06:54
of life on this planet.
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ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœื™ ืื“ืžื•ืช.
06:56
There are cycles of decay that are driving forest growth,
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ื™ืฉื ื ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ืจืงื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื‘ื™ืขืจ,
06:59
and there are networks of fungus beneath your feet
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ื•ืžืชื—ืช ืœืจื’ืœื™ื›ื ืžืฉืชืจืขื•ืช ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช
07:02
that are connecting literally all of the plants around you.
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ืฉืžืžืฉ ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื›ื.
07:05
That's really amazing.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
07:07
So I feel like we should be talking about gross stuff early and often
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ืœื›ืŸ, ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื’ืขื™ืœื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื,
07:11
with young people,
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07:12
so they feel like they're actually allowed to claim this bigger picture
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช
07:15
of life on our planet.
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ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœื™ ืื“ืžื•ืช.
07:18
The good news is that for many of us, the fascination with gross stuff
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ื”ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื•, ื”ืงืกื ืฉื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื’ืขื™ืœื™ื
07:22
doesn't exactly go away,
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ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžืชืคื•ื’ื’:
07:24
we just kind of pretend like it's not there.
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ืื ื• ืจืง ืžืขืžื™ื“ื™ื ืคื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื ื•.
07:26
But truthfully, we all spend sort of a big part of our lives
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ืืš ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžื‘ืœื™ื ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื—ื™ื™ื ื•
ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื’ืขื™ืœื™ื.
07:31
just trying not to be gross.
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07:33
When you really think about it,
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ื›ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”,
07:35
we're sort of just like bags of fluids and some weird tissues
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืงื™ ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื ื•ื›ืžื” ืจืงืžื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื ื•ืช
07:40
surrounded by a thin layer of skin.
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ื”ืžื•ืงืคื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื‘ืช ืขื•ืจ ื“ืงื”.
07:44
And to a certain extent,
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ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช,
07:46
multiple times a day, whether consciously or subconsciously,
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ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื™ื•ื, ื‘ืžื•ื“ืข ืื• ืฉืœื ื‘ืžื•ื“ืข,
07:50
I need to remind myself not to fart publicly.
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ืขืœื™ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืคืœื™ืฅ ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
07:54
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:55
You know, we're desperately trying to avoid being gross all the time,
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ืื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ื ื•ืืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื’ืขื™ืœื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
07:59
so I think many of us take this kind of voyeuristic delight
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืžืคื™ืงื™ื ืชืขื ื•ื’ ืžืฆื™ืฆื ื™
08:02
in learning about gross things.
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ืžืœืžื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื’ืขื™ืœื™ื.
08:04
This is certainly true of kids;
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ื–ื” ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืืฆืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื;
08:06
the number of middle school teachers who show my videos
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ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืžืงืจื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ืข
08:09
in their science classes
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08:10
is a testament to that.
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ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืขื“ื•ืช ืœื›ืš.
08:11
But I think it's totally true of adults, too.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื’ื ืืฆืœ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื.
08:14
You know, I think we all love hearing about gross stories,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื’ืขื™ืœื™ื
08:17
because it's a socially acceptable way to explore the gross side of ourselves.
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ื›ื™ ื–ืืช ื“ืจืš ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืžื’ืขื™ืœ ืฉืœื ื•.
08:24
But there's this other reason
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืกื™ื‘ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช
08:25
that I think talking about gross stuff is so important.
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ืœื›ืš ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื’ืขื™ืœื™ื.
08:28
A while back, I made a video on tonsil stones -- sorry, everyone --
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ืœืคื ื™ ื–ืžืŸ-ืžื” ื”ื›ื ืชื™ ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืงื“ื™ื - ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืืช ืกืœื™ื—ืชื›ื -
08:33
which are these balls of mucus and bacteria and food
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ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืžืจื™ืจ, ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื•ืฉืืจื™ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ
08:38
that get lodged in your tonsils and they smell really terrible,
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ืฉืžืฉืชื›ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืงื“ื™ื ื•ืžืกืจื™ื—ื™ื ืžืื“,
08:41
sometimes you cough them up and it's like -- it's awful.
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื ื ืคืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืœ ื•ื–ื”-- ื–ื” ืื™ื•ื ื•ื ื•ืจื.
ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื“ ื”ืชื ืกื• ื‘ื–ื”.
08:46
And many, many people have experienced this.
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08:48
But many of the people who have experienced this
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ืื‘ืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืืœื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืืช ื–ื”
ืœื ืžืฆืื• ืคื•ืจื•ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
08:52
haven't really had a forum to talk about it.
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ื•ื”ื™ื•ื, ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฆืจืชื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ืฉืœื™.
08:54
And today, this video that I made is my most popular video.
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08:58
It has millions of views.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฆืคื™ื•ืช.
09:00
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:03
And the comment section for that video became sort of like a self-help section,
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ื•ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืš ืœืžืขื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืขื–ืจื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช,
09:08
where people could talk about their tonsil stone experiences
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ืฉื‘ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชื ืกื•ืชื ื‘ืื‘ื ื™ ืฉืงื“ื™ื
09:11
and, like, tips and tricks for getting rid of them.
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ื•ืœืชืช ืขืฆื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžื”ื.
09:13
And I think it became this great way for people to talk about something
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ื•ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื–ื” ืกื™ืคืง ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื ื”ื“ืจืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื•
ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื—ืฉื• ื‘ื ื•ื— ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื’ืœื•ื™.
09:17
that they'd never felt comfortable taking about publicly.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืขื•ืœื”, ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ื˜ืคืฉื™ ื›ืžื• ืื‘ื ื™ ืฉืงื“ื™ื,
09:20
And that is wonderful when it's about something as goofy as tonsil stones,
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ืื‘ืœ ืงืฆืช ืขืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืœืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื›ื–ื•
09:26
but it's a little sad when a video can have an effect like that
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09:29
when it's about something as common as periods.
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ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ื ืคื•ืฅ ื›ืžื• ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ.
ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืคืจืกืžืชื™ ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ืกืช,
09:34
Last February, I released a video on menstruation,
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09:37
and to this day, I am still getting messages
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ื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืกืจื™ื
09:40
from people around the globe who are asking me about their periods.
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ืžื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืฉื•ืืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
09:46
There are a lot of young people -- and some not-so-young people -- out there,
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื’ื ื›ืžื” ืœื ื”ื›ื™ ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช,
09:51
who are worried that what's happening to their bodies
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ืฉืžื•ื“ืื’ื•ืช ืžื›ืš ืฉืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืœื’ื•ืคืŸ
09:54
is somehow not normal.
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ื”ื•ื ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืœื ื ื•ืจืžืœื™.
09:56
And, of course, I always tell them that I am not a medical professional,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืงืคื™ื“ื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืืฉืช ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื”,
09:59
and that, if possible, they should talk to a doctor.
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ื•ืฉื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืจื•ืคืื”.
10:02
But the truth of the matter is that everyone should feel comfortable
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ื— ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืจื•ืคื ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื”ื.
10:05
talking to a doctor about their own bodies.
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10:07
And that's why I think it's really important for us
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืžืื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘
ืฉื ืชื—ื™ืœ ื“ื•-ืฉื™ื— ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื’ืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืžื•ืงื“ื ืžืื“,
10:10
to start this dialogue about gross stuff from a pretty early age,
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10:13
so we can let our kids know
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื
10:15
that it's alright to have agency over your own body
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ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืœืงื—ืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื.
10:18
and over your own health.
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ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื‘ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœื›ืš
10:20
There's another reason that talking to your doctor
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ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื’ืขื™ืœื™ื.
10:22
about your health and gross stuff
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10:24
is really, really important.
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10:25
Doctors and the scientific community can only address issues
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ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืžื“ืขื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช
10:29
when they know there's something to address.
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ืจืง ื›ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช.
10:32
So one of the really interesting things I learned
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ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžืื“ ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™
ื›ืฉื”ื›ื ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ,
10:35
while making the video on periods,
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10:36
is that I was talking to this one scientist who told me
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ื”ื™ื” ื›ืฉืฉื•ื—ื—ืชื™ ืขื ืžื“ืขื ื™ืช ืฉืืžืจื” ืœื™
10:39
there's actually still a lot we don't know about periods.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื—ื–ื•ืจ.
10:44
There's a lot of basic research that still hasn't been done.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื—ืงืจ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืฉื˜ืจื ื ืขืฉื”.
10:47
In part, that's just because there weren't a lot of scientists in the field
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ื—ืœืงื™ืช, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื“ืขื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื
10:52
who were women, to ask questions about it.
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ื•ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฉืืœื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”.
10:55
And it's also not a topic that women talk about publicly.
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ื•ื–ื” ื’ื ืื™ื ื ื• ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืคื•ืžื‘ื™.
10:58
So there's this gap in what we know,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ืฉืœื ื•,
11:01
just because no one was there to ask a question.
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ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืœื ื ืฉืืœื• ืฉืืœื•ืช.
11:04
There's one final reason that I think talking about gross stuff is so important,
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ื•ืกื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื’ืขื™ืœื™ื,
11:09
and that's because you just never know what you're going to find
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ืชืžืฆืื•
11:12
when you peel back all those layers of disgustingness.
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ื›ืฉืชืงืœืคื• ืืช ื›ืœ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืขืœ.
11:17
So, take the California brown sea hare.
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ืงื—ื• ืœืžืฉืœ ืืช ืืจื ื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™.
11:21
This is a sea slug that squirts this lovely, bright purple ink
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ื–ืืช ื—ืฉื•ืคื™ืช ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืžืชื™ื–ื” ื“ื™ื• ื™ืคื” ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ืกื’ื•ืœ-ื‘ื”ื™ืจ
ืœืขื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืžื ืกื” ืœื˜ืจื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื”.
11:25
at any creature that tries to eat it.
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11:27
But it also happens to be one of the kinkiest creatures
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื”ื• ื’ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืงื™ื ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืžืœื›ืช ื”ื—ื™.
11:31
in the animal kingdom.
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11:33
So these guys are hermaphrodites,
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ื”ื—ื‘ืจ'ื” ื”ืืœื” ื”ื ืื ื“ืจื•ื’ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื,
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืื™ื‘ืจื™ ืžื™ืŸ ื–ื›ืจื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื ื ืงื‘ื™ื™ื.
11:35
which means they have both male and female genitalia.
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11:38
And when it's time to mate,
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ื•ื‘ืขื•ื ืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ื•ื•ื’ื•ืช,
11:39
up to 20 individuals will all get together in this kind of, like, conga line
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ืขื“ 20 ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื›ืžื• ื‘ืจื™ืงื•ื“ "ืงื•ื ื’ื”"
11:45
and they'll all mate together.
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ื•ืžื–ื“ื•ื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
11:47
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:50
A single sea hare will inseminate the partner in front of it
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ื›ืœ ืืจื ื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืคืจื” ืืช ื–ื” ืœืคื ื™ื•
11:54
and receive sperm from the one behind,
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ื•ืžืงื‘ืœ ื–ืจืข ืžื–ื” ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื•,
11:56
which is sort of like an awesome time-saver,
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ื•ืื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”, ื–ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ ืžืขื•ืœื” ืœื—ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ.
11:59
when you think about it.
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12:00
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:04
But if scientists had only seen this and they were like,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืœื• ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื–ืืช ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื,
12:07
"OK, we're just not going to touch that with a stick,"
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"ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื’ืขืช ื‘ื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื ืžืงืœ ืืจื•ืš",
12:10
they would have missed the bigger thing about sea hares
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื—ืžื™ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ืืจื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื™ื,
12:13
that makes them really remarkable.
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ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื ืœื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื›ืœ-ื›ืš.
12:15
It turns out that these sea hares have a small number of very large neurons,
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืœืืจื ื‘ื•ื ื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ื•ื™ืจื•ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืื“,
12:21
which makes them excellent to use in neuroscience research.
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื ืœืžื•ืฉื ืžืขื•ืœื” ืœื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ืงืจ ื”ืžื•ื—.
ื•ืื›ืŸ, ื”ืžื“ืขืŸ ืืจื™ืง ืงื ื“ืœ ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื•
12:26
And, in fact, the scientist Eric Kandel used them in his research
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12:30
to understand how memories are stored.
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ืฉื‘ื• ื ื™ืกื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืžืื•ื—ืกื ื™ื ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
12:34
And you know what?
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื”?
12:35
He won a Nobel Prize for his work.
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ื”ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืคืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•.
12:38
So go out there and pick up beetles and play in dirt and ask questions.
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ืื– ืฆืื• ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”, ื”ืจื™ืžื• ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ื•ืช, ืฉื—ืงื• ื‘ื‘ื•ืฅ ื•ืฉืืœื• ืฉืืœื•ืช.
12:44
And own your fascination with gross stuff and don't be ashamed of it,
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ืงื—ื• ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืื”ื‘ืชื›ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื’ืขื™ืœื™ื ื•ืืœ ืชืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉื• ื‘ื”,
12:48
because you never know what you're going to find.
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ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ืชื’ืœื•.
12:50
And as I say at the end of all my videos,
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ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™:
12:53
"Ew."
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ืื™ื›ืก.
ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
12:55
Thank you.
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12:56
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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