Joshua Prince-Ramus: Designing the Seattle Central Library

95,377 views ใƒป 2007-01-14

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Shahar Kaiser
00:27
I'm going to present three projects in rapid fire.
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฆืจื•ืจ ืžื”ื™ืจ.
00:29
I don't have much time to do it.
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
00:31
And I want to reinforce three ideas with that rapid-fire presentation.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ื–ืง ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืžืฆื’ืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื”ื–ื•.
00:34
The first is what I like to call a hyper-rational process.
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื• ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ื™ืคืจ ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™.
00:37
It's a process that takes rationality almost to an absurd level,
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ื–ื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš
ืฉืœื•ืงื— ืืช ื”ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ืœืจืžื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืื‘ืกื•ืจื“ื™ืช,
00:41
and it transcends all the baggage
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชืขืœื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื˜ืขืŸ
00:43
that normally comes with what people would call,
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ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืขื
00:45
sort of a rational conclusion to something.
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ืžื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืงืจืื• ืœื•, ืžืขื™ืŸ ืชื•ืฆืื” ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื•.
00:48
And it concludes in something that you see here,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืกืชื›ื ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืคื”,
00:50
that you actually wouldn't expect as being the result of rationality.
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ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžืฆืคื™ื ืœื•
ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ืช.
00:55
The second --
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ื”ืฉื ื™ -- [ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ] ืื•ื” --
00:57
the second is that this process does not have a signature.
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ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ื”
ืื™ืŸ ื—ืชื™ืžื”.
01:02
There is no authorship.
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ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ, ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืœืžืงื•ืจื•ืช.
01:04
Architects are obsessed with authorship.
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01:06
This is something that has editing and it has teams,
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืขืจื™ื›ื” ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื.
01:08
but in fact, we no longer see within this process,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš,
01:11
the traditional master architect
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ืืช ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื™ื•ืฆืจ
01:12
creating a sketch that his minions carry out.
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ืกืงื™ืฆื” ืฉื”ืžืฉืจืชื™ื ืฉืœื• ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื.
01:16
And the third is that it challenges --
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ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื–ื” ืžืืชื’ืจ -- ื•ื–ื”,
01:18
and this is, in the length of this, very hard to support why,
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ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ื”, ืงืฉื” ืœืชืžื•ืš ืœืžื”,
01:22
connect all these things --
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ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” --
01:23
but it challenges the high modernist notion of flexibility.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžืืชื’ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช.
01:26
High modernists said we will create sort of singular spaces that are generic,
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ื”ื—ื“ืฉืŸ ืื•ืžืจ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื™ืฆื•ืจ, ืžืขื™ืŸ,
ื—ืœืœื™ื ืกื™ื ื’ื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื’ื ืจื™ื™ื.
01:30
almost anything can happen within them.
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื.
01:32
I call it sort of "shotgun flexibility" --
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ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื” ืœื–ื” ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ืจื•ื‘ื” ืฆื™ื™ื“.
01:34
turn your head this way; shoot; and you're bound to kill something.
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ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ืชื™ืจื•, ื•ืืชื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืชื”ืจื’ื• ืžืฉื”ื•.
01:37
So, this is the promise of high modernism:
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ืื–, ื–ื• ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”:
01:39
within a single space, actually, any kind of activity can happen.
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ืขื ื—ืœืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืงืจื•ืช.
01:42
But as we're seeing,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื,
01:45
operational costs are starting to dwarf capital costs
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ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ืœื’ืžื“ ืืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืงืžื”
01:48
in terms of design parameters.
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ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘.
01:50
And so, with this sort of idea,
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ื•ืื–, ืขื ืกื•ื’ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ,
01:51
what happens is, whatever actually is in the building on opening day,
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ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื, ืžื” ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื”,
01:55
or whatever seems to be the most immediate need,
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ืื• ืžื” ืฉืœื ื ืจืื” ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืžื™ื™ื“ื™,
01:57
starts to dwarf the possibility and sort of subsume it,
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ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื’ืžื“ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื•ืžืขื™ืŸ ืžื›ืœื™ืœ ืื•ืชื”,
02:00
of anything else could ever happen.
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ืฉื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช.
02:02
And so we're proposing a different kind of flexibility,
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืกื•ื’ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช,
02:05
something that we call "compartmentalized flexibility."
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื•
"ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืžื•ื“ืจืช."
02:09
And the idea is that you, within that continuum,
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ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืืชื, ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืจืฆืฃ,
02:11
identify a series of points, and you design specifically to them.
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ืžื–ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช, ื•ืืชื ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœืŸ.
02:14
They can be pushed off-center a little bit,
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ื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื“ื—ืง ืžื”ืžืจื›ื– ืžืขื˜,
02:16
but in the end you actually still get as much
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืืชื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื
02:19
of that original spectrum as you originally had hoped.
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ืžื”ืžื ืขื“ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™
02:22
With high modernist flexibility, that doesn't really work.
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ืขื ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ื–ื” ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืขื•ื‘ื“.
02:25
Now I'm going to talk about --
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ -- ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ืื˜ืœ
02:26
I'm going to build up the Seattle Central Library
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ืœืคื ื™ื›ื ืชื•ืš ื—ืžืฉ ืื• ืฉืฉ ื“ื™ืื’ืจืžื•ืช,
02:29
in this way before your eyes in about five or six diagrams,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘.
02:32
and I truly mean this is the design process that you'll see.
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02:34
With the library staff and the library board,
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ืขื ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื” ื•ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื,
02:37
we settled on two core positions.
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ื”ืชืคืฉืจื ื• ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ืขืžื“ื•ืช ืœื™ื‘ื”.
02:39
This is the first one, and this is showing, over the last 900 years,
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ื–ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืจืื”, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 900 ืฉื ื”,
02:42
the evolution of the book, and other technologies.
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ืืช ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจ ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
02:46
This diagram was our sort of position piece about the book,
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ื”ื“ื™ืื’ืจืžื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืขืžื“ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืจ,
02:49
and our position was, books are technology --
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ื•ื”ืขืžื“ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ืชื”, ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” --
02:51
that's something people forget --
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื›ื—ื™ื --
02:53
but it's a form of technology that will have to share its dominance
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœื”
02:56
with any other form of truly potent technology or media.
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ืขื ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืื• ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื–ืงื”.
03:00
The second premise --
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ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” -- ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฉื”
03:01
and this was something that was very difficult for us
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ืœื ื• ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื” ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” --
03:03
to convince the librarians of at first --
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ื–ื” ืฉืœืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ืžืื– ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”
03:05
is that libraries, since the inception of Carnegie Library tradition in America,
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ืฉืœ ืžืกื•ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ืงืจื ื’ื™ ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”
03:09
had a second responsibility, and that was for social roles.
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ื”ื™ื” ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉื ื™, ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื.
03:12
Ok, now, this I'll come back to later, but something --
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืœื–ื” ืื ื™ ืื—ื–ื•ืจ ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉื”ื•, ืœืžืขืฉื”,
03:15
actually, the librarians at first said, "No, this isn't our mandate.
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ื”ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืืžืจื•, "ืœื, ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœื ื•.
ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื™ื”, ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืกืคืจ."
03:18
Our mandate is media, and particularly the book."
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03:22
So what you're seeing now is actually the design of the building.
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ.
ื”ื“ื™ืื’ืจืžื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”
03:25
The upper diagram is what we had seen
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช
03:28
in a whole host of contemporary libraries that used high modernist flexibility.
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ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช.
03:32
Sort of, any activity could happen anywhere.
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ืžืขื™ืŸ, ื›ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืงืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
03:35
We don't know the future of the library; we don't know the future of the book;
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจ,
ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื–ื•.
03:39
and so, we'll use this approach.
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื ืจื™ื™ื.
03:41
And what we saw were buildings that were very generic, and worse --
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ื•ื’ืจื•ืข ืžื–ื”, ืœื ืจืง ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื ืจื™ื™ื --
03:44
not only were they very generic --
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03:45
so, not only does the reading room look like the copy room
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ืื–, ืœื ืจืง ืฉื—ื“ืจ ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืฆื™ืœื•ื
ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื’ื–ื™ื ื™ื --
03:48
look like the magazine area --
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03:50
but it meant that whatever issue was troubling the library at that moment
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืืžืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื”
ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ื” ืืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืจื’ืข ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื”
03:53
was starting to engulf every other activity that was happening in it.
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ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืงืจื• ื‘ื”.
03:57
And in this case, what was getting engulfed
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ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืฉืคืข
03:59
were these social responsibilities by the expansion of the book.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจ.
04:02
And so we proposed what's at the lower diagram.
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ืื– ื”ืฆืขื ื• ืžื” ืฉื‘ื“ื™ืื’ืจืžื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื”.
04:05
Very dumb approach: simply compartmentalize.
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ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื˜ื•ืคืฉืช:
ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื™ื“ื•ืจ. ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื --
04:08
Put those things whose evolution we could predict --
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04:10
and I don't mean that we could say what would actually happen in the future,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืžื” ื‘ืืžืช ื™ืงืจื” ื‘ืขืชื™ื“,
ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ืขื“
04:14
but we have some certainty of the spectrum of what would happen in the future --
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ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ --
ื•ืฉืžื ื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ืงื•ืคืกืื•ืช ืฉืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื”.
04:18
put those in boxes designed specifically for it,
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ื•ืฉืžื ื• ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื’ื’ื•ืช.
04:20
and put the things that we can't predict on the rooftops.
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ืื– ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ื‘ื”.
04:23
So that was the core idea.
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04:24
Now, we had to convince the library
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื” ืฉืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื
04:26
that social roles were equally important to media,
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ื”ื™ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื›ืžื• ืžื“ื™ื”
04:29
in order to get them to accept this.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืœื–ื”.
04:31
What you're seeing here is actually their program on the left.
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ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืคื” ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืžืฉืžืืœ.
04:34
That's as it was given to us in all of its clarity and glory.
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ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื ื™ืชื ื” ืœื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื”ื™ืœื”.
04:38
Our first operation was to re-digest it back to them, show it to them and say,
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ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืชืžืฆืช ืื•ืชื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ
ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืืœื™ื”ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื”ื ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื“,
04:43
"You know what? We haven't touched it,
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"ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื”? ืœื ื ื’ืขื ื• ื‘ื–ื”,
04:45
but only one-third of your own program is dedicated to media and books.
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืžื•ืงื“ืฉืช ืœืžื“ื™ื” ื•ืœืกืคืจื™ื.
04:48
Two-thirds of it is already dedicated --
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ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉื™ื -- ื–ื• ื”ืจืฆื•ืขื” ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ืœืžื˜ื” --
04:50
that's the white band below, the thing you said isn't important --
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืืžืจืชื ืœื ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
04:53
is already dedicated to social functions."
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉื™ื ืœืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช."
04:55
So once we had presented that back to them,
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ืื–, ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื’ืฉื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื”ื,
04:57
they agreed that this sort of core concept could work.
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ื”ื ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืฉืกื•ื’ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“.
05:00
We got the right to go back to first principles --
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ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ื™ื --
05:02
that's the third diagram.
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ื–ื• ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช. ื—ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ืœ.
05:03
We recombined everything.
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05:05
And then we started making new decisions.
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ื•ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
05:07
What you're seeing on the right is the design of the library,
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ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ื–ื• ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื”,
ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ืขื™ื.
05:10
specifically in terms of square footage.
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ืžืฉืžืืœ ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื•, ื›ืืŸ,
05:12
On the left of that diagram, here, you'll see a series of five platforms --
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื
ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ืžืฉ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช --
05:17
sort of combs, collective programs.
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ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื•ืช; ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื•ืช.
05:19
And on the right are the more indeterminate spaces;
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ื•ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื—ืœืœื™ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื,
05:21
things like reading rooms,
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื—ื“ืจื™ ืงืจื™ืื”, ืฉืืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื
05:22
whose evolution in 20, 30, 40 years we can't predict.
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ืขื•ื“ 20, 30, 40 ืฉื ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืช.
05:25
So that literally was the design of the building.
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ืื– ื–ื” ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ.
05:27
They signed it, and to their chagrin,
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ื”ื ื—ืชืžื• ืขืœ ื–ื”, ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉืชื,
05:29
we came back a week later, and we presented them this.
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ื—ื–ืจื ื• ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื”ืฆื’ื ื• ืœื”ื ืืช ื–ื”.
05:33
And as you can see, it is literally the diagram on the right.
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ืื•ืงื™ื™? ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช, ื–ื• ืžืžืฉ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ.
05:35
(Laughter)
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ืื•ืงื™ื™? ืจืง ืฉื™ื ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืœื™ื --
05:36
We just sized -- no, really, I mean that, literally.
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ืœื, ื‘ืืžืช, ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื–ื”, ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช.
05:39
The things on the left-hand side of the diagram,
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื -- ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช,
05:41
those are the boxes.
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ืืœื” ื”ืงื•ืคืกืื•ืช.
05:43
We sized them into five compartments. They're super-efficient.
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ื—ื™ืœืงื ื• ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื—ืžืฉ ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช.
05:45
We had a very low budget to work with.
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ื”ืŸ ืกื•ืคืจ-ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช. ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ื ืžื•ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื™ืชื•.
05:47
We pushed them around on the site
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ื“ื—ืคื ื• ืื•ืชืŸ ืžื”ืฆื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ
05:49
to make very literal contextual relationships.
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ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืงื•ื ืกื˜ืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื“.
05:51
The reading room should be able to see the water.
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ืžื—ื“ืจ ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ื.
ืœื›ื ื™ืกื” ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื™ื›ืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืœืคื ื™ื”
05:54
The main entrance should have a public plaza in front of it
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05:56
to abide by the zoning code, and so forth.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™, ื•ื›ืš ื”ืœืื”.
05:59
So, you see the five platforms, those are the boxes.
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ืื–, ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื—ืžืฉ ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช --
06:01
within each one, a very discrete thing is happening.
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ืืœื” ื”ืงื•ืคืกืื•ืช -- ื›ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืงื•ืจื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื•ื ื”.
06:04
The area in between is sort of an urban continuum,
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ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืš ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™,
06:06
these things that we can't predict their evolution to the same degree.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื“ื™ื•ืง.
06:10
To give you some sense of the power of this idea,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืœื›ื ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ,
06:13
the biggest block is what we call the book spiral.
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ื”ื‘ืœื•ืง ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืกืคื™ืจืœืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื.
06:16
It's literally built in a very inexpensive way --
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ื–ื” ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื•ืœื” --
06:18
it is a parking garage for books.
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ื–ื” ืžื’ืจืฉ ื—ื ื™ื” ืœืกืคืจื™ื.
06:21
It just so happens to be on the 6th through 10th floors of the building,
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ื•ืจืง ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืžื” ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ืช ืœืขืฉื™ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ.
ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื™ืงืจื”.
06:24
but that is not necessarily an expensive approach.
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06:27
And it allows us to organize the entire Dewey Decimal System
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœืกื“ืจ ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื“ื™ื•ืื™ ื‘ืจืฆืฃ ืื—ื™ื“ ืื—ื“:
06:30
on one continuous run; no matter how it grows or contracts within the building,
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ืžืชืจื—ื‘ ืื• ืžืฆืชืžืง ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ,
06:34
it will always have its clarity to end the sort of trail of tears
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ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื•
ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื“ืžืขื•ืช
06:39
that we've all experienced in public libraries.
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ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช.
06:41
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:43
And so this was the final operation,
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ืื– ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื ื”ืืœื”
06:44
which was to take these blocks as they were all pushed off kilter,
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ื›ืฉื”ื ื”ื ื ื“ื—ืคื• ืžื”ืชืงืŸ,
06:47
and to hold onto them with a skin.
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ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื”ื ืขื ืžืขื˜ื”.
06:50
That skin serves double duty, again, for economics.
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ื”ืžืขื˜ื” ื”ื–ื” ืžืฉืจืช ืฉืชื™ ืžื˜ืจื•ืช, ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ.
06:53
One, it is the lateral stability for the entire building;
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ืื—ืช, ืœื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ:
06:56
it's a structural element.
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ื–ื” ืืœืžื ื˜ ืžื‘ื ื™. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืชื•ื›ื ื ื• ืœื ืจืง ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืง,
06:57
But its dimensions were designed not only for structure,
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06:59
but also for holding on every piece of glass.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื›ืœ ืคื™ืกืช ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช.
07:02
The glass was then -- I'll use the word impregnated --
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ื”ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืื– -- ืื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื•ืกืคื’ื” --
07:05
but it had a layer of metal that was called "stretched metal."
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื” ืฉื™ื›ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืžืชื›ืช ืฉื ืงืจืื” ืžืชื›ืช ืœื—ื•ืฆื”.
07:08
That metal acts as a microlouver,
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ื”ืžืชื›ืช ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื›ืžื™ืงืจื• - ืจืคืคื”,
07:10
so from the exterior of the building, the sun sees it as totally opaque,
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ื›ืš ืฉืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื ืจืื™ืช ืื˜ื•ืžื” ืœื’ืžืจื™,
07:13
but from the interior, it's entirely transparent.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืฉืงื•ืคื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
07:16
So now I'm going to take you on a tour of the building.
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ืื–, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืืงื— ืืชื›ื ืœืกื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ.
07:19
Let me see if I can find it.
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ื‘ื ื ืจืื” ืื ื ืžืฆื ืืช ื–ื”. ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื --
07:21
For anyone who gets motion sickness, I apologize.
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ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžื—ืœืช ืชื ื•ืขื”, ืื ื™ ืžืชื ืฆืœ.
07:25
So, this is the building.
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ืื– ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ.
07:29
And I think what's important is, when we first unveiled the building,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื–ื” ืฉื›ืฉืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ,
07:32
the public saw it as being totally about our whim and ego.
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ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื—ืฉื‘ -- ืจืื” ืื•ืชื• ื›ื•ืœื• ืขืœ
ื”ืฉื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื”ืื’ื•.
07:37
And it was defended, believe it or not, by the librarians.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื’ืŸ, ืชืืžื™ื ื• ืื• ืœื, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืกืคืจื ื™ื. ื”ื ืืžืจื•,
07:39
They said, "Look, we don't know what it is,
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"ืชืจืื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ื–ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื”
07:41
but we know it's everything that we need it to be,
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ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืชืฆืคื™ื•ืช
07:44
based on the observations that we've done about the program."
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ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช."
07:50
This is going into one of the entries.
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ืคื” ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ื‘ืื—ืช ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื•ืช.
07:52
So, it's an unusual building for a public library, obviously.
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ืื– ื–ื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ ืœืกืคืจื™ื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช,
ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ.
07:59
So now we're going into what we call the living room.
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ืื–, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื• ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืงืจื™ืื” -- ืกืœื™ื—ื”, ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื.
08:02
This is actually a program that we invented with the library.
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ื–ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื”ืžืฆืื ื• ืขื ื”ืกืคืจื™ื”.
08:05
It was recognizing that public libraries
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ื”ื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช
08:07
are the last vestige of public free space.
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ื”ื ื”ืžืคืœื˜ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™.
08:10
There are plenty of shopping malls that allow you to get out of the rain
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ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ืžื”ื’ืฉื
ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ ืกื™ืื˜ืœ,
08:13
in downtown Seattle,
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08:14
but there are not so many free places
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื”
08:17
that allow you to get out of the rain.
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ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ืžื”ื’ืฉื.
08:19
So this was an unprogrammed area where people could pretty much do anything,
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ืื– ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœืœ ืœื ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขืฆื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ,
ื›ื•ืœืœ ืœืื›ื•ืœ, ืœืฆืขื•ืง, ืœืฉื—ืง ืฉื— ื•ืขื•ื“.
08:23
including eat, yell, play chess and so forth.
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08:25
Now we're moving up into what we call the mixing chamber.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืœื™ื ืœืชื•ืš
ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื• ื—ืœืœ ื”ืขืจื‘ื•ื‘.
08:29
That was the main technology area in the building.
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ื–ื” ื—ืœืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ.
08:32
You'll have to tell me if I'm going too fast for you.
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ืืชื ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื™ ืื ืื ื™ ืžืชืงื“ื ืžื”ืจ ืžื“ื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื.
08:39
And now up.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืžืขืœื”.
08:45
This is actually the place that we put into the building
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ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืงื•ื ืฉืฉืžื ื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ
08:48
so I could propose to my wife, right there.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืœืืฉืชื™. ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืืŸ.
08:50
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:53
She said yes.
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ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” ื›ืŸ.
08:54
(Laughter)
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08:57
I'm running out of time, so I'm actually going to stop.
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ื ื’ืžืจ ืœื™ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืื– ืื ื™ ืืคืกื™ืง.
09:00
I can show this to you later.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืืช ื–ื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:02
But let's see if I can very quickly get into the book spiral,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ื ื ืจืื” ืื ืื ื™ ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืกืคื™ืจืœืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื,
09:05
because I think it's, as I said, the most --
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจืชื™, ืฉื”ื›ื™ --
09:07
this is the main reading room -- the most unique part of the building.
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ื–ื” ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื”ืจืืฉื™ -- ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื›ื™ ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ.
09:11
You dizzy yet?
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ืืชื ืกื—ืจื—ืจื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ?
09:14
Ok, so here, this is the book spiral.
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ืื•ืงื™, ืื– ื”ื ื”, ื–ื• ืกืคื™ืจืœืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื.
09:21
So, it's very indiscernible,
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ืื–, ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœื ืžื•ื‘ื—ืŸ,
09:23
but it's actually a continuous stair-stepping.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ื’ืจื ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืžืชืžืฉืš.
09:26
It allows you to, on one city block,
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ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื, ื‘ื‘ืœื•ืง ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ืื—ื“,
09:28
go up one full floor, so that it's on a continuum.
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ืœืขืœื•ืช ืงื•ืžื” ืื—ืช, ืื– ื–ื” ื”ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช.
09:36
Ok, now I'm going to go back, and I'm going to hit a second project.
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ, ื•ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืฉื ื™
09:40
I'm going to go very, very quickly through this.
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืื•ื“, ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื–ื”.
09:42
Now this is the Dallas Theater.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื“ืืœืืก. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœืงื•ื— ืœื ืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื•,
09:43
It was an unusual client for us, because they came to us and they said,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื‘ืื• ืืœื™ื ื• ื•ืืžืจื•,
09:47
"We need you to do a new building.
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"ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉืชืขืฆื‘ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ. ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื‘ื“ื ื•
09:49
We've been working in a temporary space for 30 years,
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ื‘ื—ืœืœ ื–ืžื ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ 30 ืฉื ื”,
09:52
but because of that temporary space,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ื–ื”,
09:54
we've become an infamous theater company.
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ื”ืคื›ื ื• ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ืœืฉืžืฆื”.
09:57
Theater is really focused in New York, Chicago and Seattle,
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ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ืžืจื•ื›ื– ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง, ืฉื™ืงื’ื• ื•ืกื™ืื˜ืœ,
10:00
with the exception of the Dallas Theater Company."
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ืขื ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื”ื›ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื“ืืœืืก."
10:03
And the very fact that they worked in a provisional space
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ื•ืžืขืฆื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื ืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ื—ืœืœ ื–ืžื ื™
ืืžืจ ืฉืœื‘ืงื˜ ื”ื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืคื•ืฆืฅ ืงื™ืจ;
10:06
meant that for Beckett, they could blow out a wall;
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10:08
they could do "Cherry Orchard" and blow a hole through the floor, and so forth.
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ื”ื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืžื˜ืข ื”ื“ื•ื“ื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืœืคืขื•ืจ ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืจืฆืคื”, ื•ื›ื•'.
ืื– ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืจืชื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ
10:12
So it was a very daunting task for us to do a brand-new building
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ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช -- ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ,
10:15
that could be a pristine building,
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10:17
but keep this kind of experimental nature.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื ืกื™ื•ื ื™.
10:19
And the second is,
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ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื, ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืงืจืื ื• ืœื•
10:20
they were what we call a multi-form theater,
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ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ืฆื•ืจื ื™: ื”ื ืขืฉื•
10:23
they do different kinds of performances in repertory.
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ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจืคืจื˜ื•ืืจ.
10:26
So they in the morning will do something in arena,
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ืื– ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื”ื ืขืฉื•
ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืืจื ื”,
10:29
then they'll do something in proscenium and so forth.
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ื•ืื– ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ื—ืœืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื•ื›ืš ื”ืœืื”.
10:31
And so they needed to be able to quickly transform
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ืื– ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช
10:33
between different theater organizations,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื™ื“ื•ืจื™ ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
10:35
and for operational budget reasons,
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ื•ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช,
10:37
this actually no longer happens in pretty much
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ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื ืงื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
10:39
any multi-form theater in the United States,
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ื‘ืืฃ ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ืจื‘-ืฆื•ืจื ื™ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
10:42
so we needed to figure out a way to overcome that.
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ืื– ื”ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
10:44
So our thought was to literally put the theater on its head:
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ืื– ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื” ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืจืืฉ:
10:47
to take those things that were previously defined
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ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื ื›ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช
10:49
as front-of-house and back-of-house
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ื•ืœืขืจื•ื ืื•ืชื -- ืžืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืžืชื—ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช --
10:51
and stack them above house and below house,
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ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื• ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ.
10:53
and to create what we called a theater machine.
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10:55
We invest the money in the operation of the building.
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ื”ืฉืงืขื ื• ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืชืคืขื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ.
10:58
It's almost as though the building could be placed anywhere,
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ื–ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืžื•ืงื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื: ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืชืฉื™ืžื• ืื•ืชื•, ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ืžืชื—ืชื™ื•
11:00
wherever you place it,
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ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื™ื.
11:02
the area under it is charged for theatrical performances.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื,
11:04
And it allowed us to go back to first principles,
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ื•ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืžื’ื“ืœ ื”ืชืขื•ืคื”, ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ืืงื•ืกื˜ื™,
11:07
and redefine fly tower, acoustic enclosure, light enclosure and so forth.
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ืžืชืงื ื™ ืชืื•ืจื” ื•ืขื•ื“.
11:10
And at the push of a button,
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ื•ื‘ืœื—ื™ืฆืช ื›ืคืชื•ืจ, ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืืžื ื•ืชื™
11:12
it allows the artistic director to move between proscenium, thrust,
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ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื‘ืžื”, ืœืžืขืฉื”,
11:16
and in fact, arena and traverse and flat floor,
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ืืจื ื” ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืจืฆืคื” ืฉื˜ื•ื—ื”
11:19
in a very quick transfiguration.
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ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืงื•ื ืคื™ื’ื•ืจืฆื™ื” ืžืื“ ืžื”ื™ืจ.
11:22
So in fact, using operational budget, we can --
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ืื– ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ, ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื --
11:25
sorry, capital cost -- we can actually achieve
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ืกืœื™ื—ื”, ื‘ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ -- ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’
11:27
what was no longer achievable in operational cost.
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ืžื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœื™.
11:30
And that means that the artistic director
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืœืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืืžื ื•ืชื™ ื™ืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
11:32
now has a palette that he or she can choose from,
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ืคืœื˜ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืื• ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžืžื ื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
11:35
between a series of forms and a series of processions,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฆืขื“ื™ื,
11:38
because that enclosure around the theater that is normally trapped
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืกื’ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ
ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื›ื•ื“ ื‘ืงื“ืžืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื‘ืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช
11:41
with front-of-house and back-of-house spaces has been liberated.
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ื—ืœืœื™ื ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉื•ื—ืจืจื•.
11:45
So an artistic director has the ability to have a performance
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ืื– ืœืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืืžื ื•ืชื™ ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืจืื•ืช --
ืœื”ืจื™ื ื”ื•ืคืขื” ืฉื ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ื‘ืžื” ื•ื•ื’ื ืจื™ืช,
11:48
that enters in a Wagnerian procession,
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11:50
shows the first act in thrust,
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ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืจื›ื–,
11:52
the intermission in a Greek procession,
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ืืช ื”ื”ืคืกืงื” ื‘ื‘ืžื” ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช,
11:56
second act in arena, and so forth.
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ืžืขืจื›ื” ืฉื ื™ื” ื‘ืืจื ื”, ื•ื›ืš ื”ืœืื”.
11:58
So I'm going to show you what this actually means.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืžื” -- ืžื” ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืื•ืžืจ.
12:00
This is the theater up close.
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ื–ื” ื”ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ืžืงืจื•ื‘.
12:02
Any portion around the theater actually can be opened discretely.
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ื›ืœ ื—ืœืง ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคืชื— ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™.
12:07
The light enclosure can be lifted separate to the acoustic enclosure,
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ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืชืื•ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ื ืคืจื“
ืžืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืกืื•ื ื“, ื›ืš ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื‘ืงื˜
12:11
so you can do Beckett with Dallas as the backdrop.
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ืขื ื“ืืœืืก ื›ืจืงืข.
12:15
Portions can be opened,
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ื—ืœืงื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคืชื—, ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืคืฉืจื™ ืฉืื•ืคื ื•ืขื™ื ืžืžืฉ
12:16
so you can now actually have motorcycles drive directly into the performance,
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ื™ืกืขื• ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื”, ืื• ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ืคืขื” ื‘ืื•ื™ืจ ืคืชื•ื—,
12:20
or you can even just have an open-air performance,
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12:22
or for intermissions.
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ืื• ืœื”ืคืกืงื”.
12:24
The balconies all move to go between those configurations,
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ื”ื™ืฆื™ืขื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ื–ื–ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
12:26
but they also disappear.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื’ื ื ืขืœืžื™ื.
12:28
The proscenium line can also disappear.
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ืงื• ื”ื‘ืžื” ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขืœื.
12:31
You can bring enormous objects in,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืขื ืงื™ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื”, ื›ืš ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื --
12:32
so in fact, the Dallas Theater Company --
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ื—ื‘ืจืช ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื“ืืœืืก -- ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื”ื
12:35
their first show will be a play about Charles Lindbergh,
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ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื–ื” ืขืœ ืฆ'ืจืœืก ืœื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื’,
12:37
and they'll want to bring in a real aircraft.
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ื•ื”ื ื™ืจืฆื• ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืžื˜ื•ืก ืืžื™ืชื™.
12:40
And then it also provides them, in the off-season,
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ื•ื–ื” ื’ื ืžืกืคืง ืœื”ื, ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื•ืช,
12:42
the ability to actually rent out their space for entirely different things.
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ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืืžืช
ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ืฉืœื”ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™.
12:49
This is it from a distance.
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ื–ื” ื–ื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื” -- ืกืœื™ื—ื”, ืžืจื—ื•ืง.
12:53
Open up entire portions for different kinds of events.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืชื•ื— ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
12:56
And at night.
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ื•ื‘ืœื™ืœื”.
13:00
Again, remove the light enclosure; keep the acoustic enclosure.
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ืฉื•ื‘, ืชืกื™ืจื• ืืช ืžืชืงื ื™ ื”ืชืื•ืจื”; ืชืฉืื™ืจื• ืืช ืžืชืงื ื™ ื”ืกืื•ื ื“.
13:04
This is a monster truck show.
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ื–ื” ืžื•ืคืข ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ืขื ืง.
13:06
I'm going to show now the last project.
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ืื ื™ ืืจืื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ.
13:08
This also is an unusual client.
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ื’ื ื–ื” ืœืงื•ื— ืœื ืจื’ื™ืœ.
13:10
They inverted the whole idea of development.
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ื”ื ื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื—.
13:12
They came to us and they said -- unlike normal developers --
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ื”ื ื‘ืื• ืืœื™ื ื• ื•ืืžืจื• -- ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื --
13:15
they said, "We want to start out
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ื”ื ืืžืจื•, "ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช
13:16
by providing a contemporary art museum in Louisville.
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ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช
13:19
That's our main goal."
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ื‘ืœื•ืื™ื•ื•ื™ืœ. ื–ื• ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•."
13:20
And so instead of being a developer that sees an opportunity to make money,
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ืื– ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช
ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืกืฃ, ื”ื ืจืื• ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ืจื–
13:24
they saw an ability to be a catalyst in their downtown.
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ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœื”ื.
13:27
And the fact that they wanted to support the contemporary art museum
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ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื ืจืฆื• ืœืชืžื•ืš
ื‘ืžื•ื–ืื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื ืชื” ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘,
13:31
actually built their pro forma,
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13:32
so they worked in reverse.
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ืื– ื”ื ืขื‘ื“ื• ืื—ื•ืจื”.
13:34
And that pro forma led us
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ื•ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื•
13:36
to a mixed-use building that was very large,
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ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืจื‘ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™
13:39
in order to support their aspirations of the art,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืฉืื™ืคื” ืฉืœื”ื ืฉืœ ืืžื ื•ืช,
13:41
but it also opened up opportunities for the art itself
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื’ื ืคืชื— ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืืžื ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื”
13:43
to collaborate, interact with commercial spaces
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ืœืฉืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”, ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื—ืœืœื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื
13:46
that actually artists more and more want to work within.
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ืฉืื•ืžื ื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื”ื.
13:49
And it also charged us with thinking about how to have
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ื•ื–ื” ื’ื ืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœืื™ืš ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ
13:52
something that was both a single building
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“
13:54
and a credible sort of sub-building.
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ื•ื’ื ืชืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื™ืžืŸ.
13:57
So this is Louisville's skyline,
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ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ -- ื–ื” ืงื• ื”ืจืงื™ืข ืฉืœ ืœื•ืื™ื•ื•ื™ืœ --
13:59
and I'm going to take you through the various constraints
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ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืงื—ืช ืืชื›ื ื“ืจืš
ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜.
14:02
that led to the project.
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14:03
First: the physical constraints.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื”ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืกื™ื•ืช. ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“
14:05
We actually had to operate on three discrete sites,
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ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืืชืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
14:07
all of them well smaller than the size of the building.
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ื›ื•ืœื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ.
14:10
We had to operate next to the new Muhammad Ali Center, and respect it.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืฆืžื•ื“ ืœืžืจื›ื– ืžื•ื—ืžื“ ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ,
ื•ืœื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ืชื•.
14:14
We had to operate within the 100-year floodplain.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืฆืคื” ื‘ืŸ ืžืื” ืฉื ื”.
14:16
Now, this area floods three to four times a year,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžื•ืฆืฃ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขื“ ืืจื‘ืข ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”,
14:18
and there's a levee behind our site,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืกื•ืœืœื” ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•
14:20
similar to the ones that broke in New Orleans.
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ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื–ื• ืฉื ืคืจืฆื” ื‘ื ื™ื• ืื•ืจืœื™ื ืก.
14:23
Had to operate behind the I-64 corridor,
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืžืกื“ืจื•ืŸ ื”-I64,
14:27
a street that cuts through the middle of these separate sites.
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ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืฉื—ื•ืฆื” ื“ืจืš ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืืชืจื™ื ื”ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
14:30
So we're starting to build a sort of nightmare of constraints in a bathtub.
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ืื– ืืœื” -- ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ
ืกื™ื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื”.
14:35
Underneath the bathtub are the city's main power lines.
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ืžืชื—ืช ืœืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื” ื ืžืฆืื™ื
ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžืชื— ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ.
14:39
And there is a pedestrian corridor that they wanted to add,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืกื“ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ ืฉื”ื ืจืฆื• ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ
14:42
that would link a series of cultural buildings,
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ืฉื™ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช,
14:45
and a view corridor -- because this is the historic district --
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ื•ืžืกื“ืจื•ืŸ ื ื•ืฃ -- ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื” ืจื•ื‘ืข ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ --
ืฉื”ื ืœื ืจืฆื• ืœื”ืคืจื™ืข ืœื• ืขื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ.
14:48
that they didn't want to obstruct with a new building.
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
14:51
(Laughter)
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ 102,000 ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ืขื™ื.
14:52
And now we're going to add 1.1 million square feet.
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14:55
And if we did the traditional thing, that 1.1 million square feet --
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ื•ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ, ืฉ-102,000 ื”ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื•ืขื™ื --
14:58
these are the different programs --
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ืืœื” ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช -- ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช
15:00
the traditional thing would be to identify the public elements, place them on sites,
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ืืช ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื, ืœืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืืชืจื™ื,
ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืžืฆื‘ ื ื•ืจืื™:
15:04
and now we'd have a really terrible situation:
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื” ืฉืžื•ืฆืคืช.
15:06
a public thing in the middle of a bathtub that floods.
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15:10
And then we would size all the other elements --
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ื•ืื– ื ืงื‘ืข ืืช ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืœื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื --
15:12
the different commercial elements:
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ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื:
15:14
hotel, luxury housing, offices and so forth --
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ืžืœื•ืŸ, ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™, ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื” --
15:16
and dump it on top.
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ื•ื ื–ืจื•ืง ืืช ื–ื” ืžืขืœ. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฉื”ื•
15:17
And we would create something that was unviable.
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื ืžืขืฉื™.
15:20
In fact -- and you know this -- this is called the Time Warner Building.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” -- ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ื–ื” -- ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื•ืจื ืจ.
15:24
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
15:26
So our strategy was very simple.
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ืื– ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”.
15:28
Just lift the entire block,
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ืจื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืœื•ืง,
15:31
flip some of the elements over,
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ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื, ืœืžืงื ืื•ืชื ืžื—ื“ืฉ,
15:32
reposition them so they have appropriate views
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ื ื•ืคื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืขื ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ,
15:35
and relationships to downtown,
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15:37
and make circulation connections and reroute the road.
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ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืžืขื’ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ.
15:40
So that's the basic concept,
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ืื– ื–ื” ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™,
15:42
and now I'm going to show you what it leads to.
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ.
15:45
Ok, it seems a very formal, willful gesture,
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ืื•ืงื™, ื–ื• ื ืจืื™ืช ืžื—ื•ื•ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ืช ื•ืžืœืืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ,
15:48
but something derived entirely out of the constraints.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ื™ืฆื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช.
15:51
And again, when we unveiled it, there was a sort of nervousness
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ื›ืฉื—ืฉืคื ื• ืื•ืชื•, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืขืฆื‘ื ื•ืช
ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืจื›ื™ื˜ื›ื˜ ืฉืžืฆื”ื™ืจ ื”ืฆื”ืจื”,
15:54
that this was about an architect making a statement,
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ืœื ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ ืฉืžื ืกื” ืœืคืชื•ืจ
15:56
not an architect who was attempting to solve a series of problems.
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ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช.
16:00
Now, within that center zone, as I said,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืขื ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ื”ื•ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจืชื™,
16:02
we have the ability to mix a series of things.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืขืจื‘ื‘ ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
16:04
So here, this is sort of an x-ray --
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ืื– ื›ืืŸ ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉืืœื” --
ืฉื–ื” -- ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืจื ื˜ื’ืŸ -- ื”ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื
16:07
the towers are totally developer-driven.
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ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื•ื ืขื™ ืžืคืชื—ื™ื. ื”ื ืืžืจื• ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื•ื›ื•'
16:09
They told us the dimensions, the sizes and so forth,
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16:11
and we focused on taking all the public components --
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ื•ื”ืชืžืงื“ื ื• ืขืœ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื --
ื”ืœื•ื‘ื™, ื”ื‘ืจื™ื,
16:14
the lobbies, the bars --
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16:15
everything that different commercial elements would have,
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื --
16:19
and combined it in the center, in the sort of subway map,
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ื•ืฉื™ืœื‘ื ื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžืจื›ื–, ื‘ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืคืช ืจื›ื‘ืช ืชื—ืชื™ืช,
16:22
in the transfer zone that would also include the contemporary art museum.
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ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ื’ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืœืืžื ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช.
16:25
So it creates a situation like this, where you have artists who can operate
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ืื– ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืžืฆื‘ ื›ืžื• ื–ื”,
ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืืžื ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš
16:29
within an art space that also has an amazing view on the 22nd floor,
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ื—ืœืœ ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ืฉื’ื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื ื•ืฃ ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืžื” ื”-22,
16:33
but it also has proximity that the curator can either open or close.
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืงืจื‘ื” ืฉื”ืื•ืฆืจ
ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืื• ืœืกื’ื•ืจ.
16:37
It allows people on exercise bicycles to be seen,
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ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืื•ืคื ื™ ื›ื•ืฉืจ
16:40
or to see the art, and so forth.
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ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืžื ื•ืช, ื•ื›ื•'.
16:42
It also means that if an artist wants to invade something like a swimming pool,
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ื–ื” ื’ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ืืžืŸ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืคืœื•ืฉ ืœืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• ื‘ืจื™ื›ืช ืฉื—ื™ื”,
16:45
they can begin to do their exhibition in a swimming pool,
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืฉื—ื™ื”,
ืื– ื”ื ืœื ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื—ืœืœื™ื ืกื’ื•ืจื™ื
16:48
so they're not forced to always work within the confines
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ืฉืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื’ืœืจื™ื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช.
16:51
of a contemporary gallery space.
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16:52
So, how to build this.
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ืื–, ืื™ืš ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
16:54
It's very simple: it's a chair.
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืื•ื“: ื–ื” ื›ื™ืกื.
16:56
So, we begin by building the cores.
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ืื–. ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ื‘ื•ืช.
16:59
As we're building the cores, we build the contemporary art museum at grade.
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ื–ืื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื‘ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ืŸ.
ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ื•ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช.
17:03
That allows us to have incredible efficiency and cost efficiency.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ื”.
17:06
This is not a high-budget building.
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17:07
The moment the cores get to mid level,
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ืœื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืœืžืจื›ื–,
17:09
we finish the art museum; we put all the mechanical equipment in it;
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ืžื•ื–ืื•ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉืžื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื”ืžื›ืื ื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•
ื•ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืจื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื•ื™ืจ.
17:12
and then we jack it up into the air.
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ื›ื›ื” ื”ื ื‘ื ื• ื”ืื ื’ืจื™ื ืœืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ืžืžืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
17:14
This is how they build really large aircraft hangars,
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืืœื” ืฉื‘ื ื• ืœืื™ืจื‘ื•ืก A380.
17:17
for instance, the ones that they did for the A380.
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ืกื™ื™ืžื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืœื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืกื™ื™ืžื ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ
17:19
Finish the cores, finish the meat
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17:21
and you get something that looks like this.
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ื•ืืชื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ื–ื”.
17:23
Now I only have about 30 seconds,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืจืง 30 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช, ืื– ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ
17:25
so I want to start an animation,
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ืื ื™ืžืฆื™ื”, ื•ื ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื–ื”.
17:27
and we'll conclude with that.
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17:28
Thank you.
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17:29
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
17:34
Chris asked me to add --
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ื›ืจื™ืก ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื™ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ --
17:36
the theater is under construction,
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ื”ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื”,
17:37
and this project will start construction in about a year,
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ื•ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ื›ืฉื ื”,
17:40
and finish in 2010.
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ื•ื™ืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘-2010.
17:41
[identify public elements]
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17:43
[insert public elements at grade]
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17:44
[optimize tower dimensions]
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17:47
[place towers on site]
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17:49
[lift program]
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17:51
[flip!]
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17:53
[optimize program adjacencies]
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17:54
[connect to context]
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17:56
[redirect 7th street]
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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