Rayma Suprani: Dictators hate political cartoons -- so I keep drawing them | TED

Prevoditelj: Antoaneta Mjeda Recezent: Sanda L

[This talk is delivered in Spanish with consecutive English translation]

[Ovaj govor je na španjolskom jeziku uz konsekutivni prijevod na engleski.]

(Rayma Suprani: Speaks Spanish)

(Rayma Suprani govori na španjolskom.)

Cloe Shasha: When I was a little girl,

Cloe Shasha: Kad sam bila mala,

I used to draw on all the walls of my house.

crtala sam po svim zidovima kuće.

(RS: Speaks Spanish)

(RS govori na španjolskom.)

CS: Until one day, my mother got angry and told me,

CS: Dok se jednom moja majka nije naljutila i rekla mi:

"You can only draw on one wall.

"Možeš crtati samo po jednom zidu.

Don't draw on any others."

Nemoj crtati po drugima."

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

That was the first time I experienced an act of totalitarian censorship.

Tad sam prvi put iskusila totalitarnu cenzuru.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

But a lack of freedom stimulates creativity and empowers it.

Međutim, manjak slobode potiče kreativnost i daje joj snagu.

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

Many years have passed since my childhood,

Mnogo je godina prošlo od mog djetinjstva,

but throughout my formal studies,

ali tijekom cijelog obrazovanja

I found myself drawing in the margins of my notebooks

našla sam se kako crtam po marginama bilježnica

instead of paying attention to my professors.

umjesto da slušam profesore.

I studied journalism in college

Studirala sam novinarstvo

with the intention of expanding my communication and writing skills,

s namjerom da proširim svoje komunikacijske i vještine pisanja,

but the only thing that I felt connected to in life

no jedina stvar s kojom sam se osjećala povezanom

was drawing.

bilo je crtanje.

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

I was born in a democracy,

Rodila sam se u demokraciji,

in a country called Venezuela, which is now a dictatorship.

u zemlji zvanoj Venezuela, koja je sada pod diktaturom.

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

For 19 years,

Tijekom 19 godina

I was the daily cartoonist for "El Universal,"

bila sam stalni karikaturist za El Universal,

one of the biggest newspapers in Venezuela.

jedne od najvećih novina u Venezueli.

I really enjoyed translating political and cultural current events into drawings.

Stvarno sam uživala pretvarajući politička i kulturna zbivanja u crteže.

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

In the year 2014,

Godine 2014.,

I got fired from my job at the newspaper over a cartoon that I drew

otpuštena sam s tog posla zbog karikature koju sam nacrtala

alluding to the health care system in Venezuela.

aludirajući na zdravstveni sustav u Venezueli.

I drew a flat line of a heartbeat monitor,

Nacrtala sam ravnu liniju s EKG monitora,

but I intentionally drew the heartbeat line

ali sam je namjerno nacrtala

in a way that resembled the signature of Hugo Chavez,

tako da je sličila potpisu Huga Cháveza,

the former president of Venezuela.

bivšeg predsjednika Venezuele.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

All of this happened after the newspaper was bought

Sve se to dogodilo nakon što je novine kupila

by an unknown company,

nepoznata tvrtka,

and some of us suspect

a neki od nas sumnjaju

that it was the Venezuelan government who was behind that deal.

da je venezuelanska vlada stajala iza te kupnje.

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

My work as a cartoonist became more and more of a nuisance

Moj rad karikaturistice je postajao sve veća smetnja

for the dictatorship.

diktatorskom režimu.

They have no tolerance for any freedom of expression

Nemaju tolerancije ni za kakvu slobodu izražavanja

or free thinking.

ili slobodno mišljenje.

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

After I got fired,

Nakon što sam otpuštena,

I started to feel unsafe in my own country.

počela sam osjećati da nisam sigurna u vlastitoj zemlji.

I received anonymous calls and death threats.

Primala sam anonimne pozive i prijetnje smrću.

I was mocked publicly on national television.

Javno su me izrugivali na javnoj televiziji.

I was eventually forced out of Venezuela,

Naposljetku su me prognali iz Venezuele

and I now live in Miami, Florida,

te sad živim u Miamiju, na Floridi,

where I am free to be my own editor for my work.

gdje sam slobodna biti sama svojom urednicom.

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

A political cartoon is a barometer of freedom in a country.

Politička je karikatura barometar slobode u zemlji.

That's why dictators hate cartoonists

Zato diktatori mrze karikaturiste

and try to eradicate everything that involves humor

te pokušavaju iskorijeniti sve što uključuje humor

as a mirror for social and political issues.

kao zrcalo društvenih i političkih problema.

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

A cartoon involves a delicate balance of ideas and drawings

Karikatura podrazumijeva delikatnu ravnotežu ideja i crteža

that reveal a hidden truth.

koja otkriva skrivenu istinu.

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

And a good cartoon is one that conveys a plot of a full-length movie

Dobra karikatura je ona koja prenosi zaplet dugometražnog filma

in a single frame.

u jednom jedinom kadru.

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

A cartoon needs to communicate the core of a story with its precision.

Karikatura mora precizno prenijeti srž priče.

And when it succeeds,

Kad uspije,

its message can have the effect of inoculating people

njezina poruka može "cijepiti" ljude

with a dose of skepticism.

dozom skepticizma.

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

Cartoons are drawn from observation and analysis.

Karikature se crtaju na temelju promatranja i analize.

They are inspired by muses of mythology,

Nadahnjuju ih mitologijske muze,

as well as classical, modern and paleolithic tales.

kao i klasične, moderne te priče iz paleolitika.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

When we are told that a modern-day emperor is wearing new clothes,

Kad nam kažu da moderni car nosi novo ruho,

cartoons reveal that the emperor just might still be naked.

karikature nam otkrivaju da bi car još uvijek mogao biti gol.

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

At one point in my career,

U jednom trenutku karijere,

I drew pigs and compared them with politicians and national guards

crtala sam svinje i uspoređivala ih s političarima i narodnom gardom

who were responsible for stopping peaceful student demonstrations.

koja je bila odgovorna za zaustavljanje mirnih studentskih prosvjeda.

One day, when I got back to my office,

Jednog dana, po povratku u ured,

I had a letter on my desk.

pronašla sam pismo na svom stolu.

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

The letter was from the Venezuelan Swine Federation.

To pismo je poslala Venezuelanska udruga uzgajivača svinja.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

The letter said,

U pismu je pisalo:

"Please do not compare an animal as wonderful as a pig with politicians.

"Molimo da ne uspoređujete divnu životinju poput svinje s političarima.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Pigs are very friendly and noble,

Svinje su vrlo drage i plemenite,

they can be a great mascot,

mogu biti divne maskote,

they make good pets

dobri su ljubimci

and they provide sustenance to us in the form of pork."

te nam pružaju živež u obliku svinjetine."

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

I think they were absolutely right.

Mislim da su bili posve u pravu.

I didn't draw any more pigs,

Više nisam crtala svinje,

but I did keep drawing politicians.

ali nastavila sam crtati političare.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

A cartoon travels on an information highway,

Karikatura putuje na autocesti informacija,

which seems like it has multiple lanes,

za koju se čini da ima više puteva,

but in reality, all of these lanes

no u stvarnosti, svi ti putevi

lead to a binary response of either positivity or rage.

vode binarnom odgovoru pozitivnosti ili bijesa.

"I like it" or "I don't like it."

"Sviđa mi se" ili "Ne sviđa mi se".

Those are the only responses

To su jedini odgovori

that govern democratic thinking on the internet.

koji vladaju demokratskim mišljenjem na internetu.

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

We have lost the space for nuanced debate,

Izgubili smo prostor za nijansiranu debatu,

we have no time,

nemamo vremena

so we simply respond with approval or disdain,

pa jednostavno odgovaramo odobravanjem ili prijezirom

and we let algorithms take over.

i puštamo algoritmima da preuzmu dalje.

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

But a cartoon is born from a space of deep, nuanced thinking.

Međutim, karikatura se rađa iz dubokog i nijansiranog razmišljanja.

Creating a good cartoon involves repeated failures,

Stvaranje dobre karikature podrazumijeva stalne neuspjehe,

draft after draft.

skicu za skicom.

And a cartoonist must shed their own taboos

Karikaturist mora razotkriti vlastite tabue

to spark a conversation, rather than a confrontation,

kako bi potaknuo razgovor, a ne sukob

through their work.

kroz svoj rad.

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

In the year 2013, President Chavez died,

Godine 2013. predsjednik Chávez je umro

and I had to think about what to draw as the cartoon of the day

i morala sam smisliti što nacrtati za dnevnu karikaturu

at "El Universal."

u El Universalu.

I was personally happy that he had passed away,

Osobno sam bila sretna što je preminuo

because I thought that the end of his power

jer sam mislila da bi kraj njegove moći

would potentially bring our country closer to freedom and better times.

mogao našu zemlju približiti slobodi i boljim vremenima.

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

But there were many other people who were mourning the death of Chavez,

No bilo je mnogo ljudi koji su oplakivali Chávezovu smrt

so there was a divided sentiment in Venezuela.

pa su osjećaji u Venezueli bili podijeljeni.

Some were celebrating,

Neki su slavili,

and others were crying at the loss of their leader.

a drugi su plakali za izgubljenim vođom.

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

I felt stuck,

Bila sam u škripcu,

I really didn't know what to draw in this historic moment.

stvarno nisam znala što crtati u tom povijesnom trenutku.

And I knew that I couldn't allow my happiness to seep into my work,

Znala sam da ne mogu dopustiti svojoj sreći da se probije u moj rad,

that I should take the higher road and respect people's grief.

da bih se trebala izdići iz toga i poštovati tuđu tugu.

So what could I draw?

Što bih onda mogla nacrtati?

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

I spent many hours drafting and throwing out papers.

Provela sam mnogo sati skicirajući i bacajući papire.

My editor called me and said

Urednik me nazvao i rekao

everything was late for that day's newspaper

da sve kasni za taj broj

and asked me when I'd be done.

te me pitao kad ću biti gotova.

It was in the middle of the night that the idea came to me.

Usred noći mi je sinula ideja.

And we then published a cartoon

Objavili smo karikaturu

that represented a historical moment in time.

koja je predstavljala povijesni trenutak.

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

A fallen king chess piece in red.

Šahovsku figuru kralja u crvenom koji je pao.

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

A good cartoon has a lot of power.

Dobra karikatura je vrlo moćna.

It can generate action and reaction.

Može izazvati akciju i reakciju.

That's why a cartoonist must exercise their power responsibly,

Upravo zato karikaturist mora upotrebljavati svoju moć odgovorno,

showcasing the truth

prikazujući istinu

and drawing without the fear of consequences.

i crtajući bez straha od posljedica.

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

Having an opinion has a cost,

Imati mišljenje ima cijenu,

and in some countries, that cost is high.

a u nekim je zemljama ta cijena visoka.

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

In Venezuela,

U Venezueli,

mnogo je mladih ubijeno jer su mirno prosvjedovali.

many young people have been killed for protesting peacefully.

There are men and women who are stuck behind bars

Ima muškaraca i žena iza rešetaka

as political prisoners.

jer su politički zatvorenici.

So over the years,

Tako sam tijekom godina

I've drawn the faces of imprisoned women,

crtala lica zatvorenica

because I don't want them to be forgotten by the community.

jer ne želim da ih društvo zaboravi.

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

This year at an event called El Foro Penal,

Ove godine tijekom događaja zvanog El Foro Penal,

which is a criminal forum

što je forum

where a group of lawyers do pro bono work

gdje skupina odvjetnika radi pro bono

for Venezuelan political prisoners,

za venezuelanske političke zatvorenike,

a young woman approached me and she said,

djevojka mi je prišla i rekla:

"I was imprisoned,

"Bila sam zatvorena

and then you drew my face and my story.

i tada ste nacrtali moje lice i priču.

It's because of that drawing that people knew who I was.

Zbog tog crteža su ljudi znali tko sam.

Your cartoon helped me survive my days in prison.

Vaša karikatura mi je pomogla da preživim dane u zatvoru.

Thank you."

Hvala vam."

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

This was a moment that meant a lot to me,

Taj mi je trenutak puno značio

jer sam pronašla način da surađujem

because I had found a way to collaborate

sa sjećanjima svoje zemlje i njezinim ljudima.

with the memories of my country and its people.

(Govori na španjolskom.)

(Speaks Spanish)

Last year, I started making drawings about immigration.

Prošle godine, počela sam crtati karikature o doseljeništvu.

I drew my own world, my fears,

Crtala sam svoj svijet, svoje strahove,

my suitcase, my roots

svoj kovčeg, svoje korijene

and everything that I had to leave behind in Venezuela.

i sve što sam morala ostaviti iza sebe u Venezueli.

I also drew my joy in the face of this new opportunity

Također sam crpila veselje ususret toj novoj prilici

as an immigrant in the United States.

doseljenice u Sjedinjene Države.

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

From there, I worked on a series of drawings

Otad sam radila na seriji crteža

that represented the experience and psychology of immigration.

koji su predstavljali iskustvo i psihologiju doseljeništva.

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

Being an immigrant is like moving to another planet.

Biti doseljenik je kao preseliti se na drugi planet.

At first, you don't understand anything about your new world.

Isprva ne razumijete ništa o svom novom svijetu.

There are new codes, a new language

Tu su novi kodovi, novi jezik

and unfamiliar tools you need to learn how to use

i nepoznati alati koje trebate naučiti koristiti

in order to adapt to your new life.

kako biste se prilagodili svom novom životu.

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

Being an immigrant is the closest thing to being an astronaut

Biti doseljenik je jako slično kao biti astronaut

who landed on the moon.

koji je sletio na Mjesec.

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

Over time, that series of drawings became a traveling exhibition,

Tijekom vremena, ta je serija crteža postala putujuća izložba

called "I, Immigrant."

pod imenom Ja, doseljenica.

And the exhibition traveled to multiple cities,

Izložba je otputovala u mnoge gradove,

including Miami, Houston, Madrid, Barcelona,

uključujući Miami, Houston, Madrid, Barcelonu,

and we're hoping for more places.

a nadamo se da će otići u još njih.

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

The show has become a meeting space for the diaspora,

Ta je izložba postala mjesto sastanaka dijaspore

for people to gather and recognize their shared experiences of suffering

gdje bi se ljudi okupili i prepoznali zajednička iskustva patnje

that come with immigration.

koja dolaze s doseljeništvom.

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

What I want these drawings to convey

Ono što želim da ti crteži prenesu

is that an immigrant is not a criminal.

jest da doseljenik nije kriminalac.

An immigrant is a person whose life has been broken.

Doseljenik je osoba čiji je život slomljen.

A person who has very likely been separated from their family

Osoba koju su vrlo vjerojatno rastavili od njezine obitelji

under inhumane conditions.

pod neljudskim uvjetima

Who has been forced to leave their country in search of a better life.

i koja je bila prisiljena napustiti svoju zemlju u potrazi za boljim životom.

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

A drawing can be a synthesis of a place,

Karikatura može biti sinteza mjesta,

a universe, a country or a society.

svemira, zemlje ili društva.

It can also represent the inner workings of someone's mind.

Također može predstavljati unutrašnjost nečijeg uma.

For me, drawing cartoons is a form of resistance.

Za mene je crtanje karikatura oblik otpora.

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

A cartoon is like a Rosetta stone.

Karikatura je kao kamen iz Rosette.

If we throw it into outer space,

Kad bismo je bacili u svemir,

a future alien would be able to know with certainty

izvanzemaljac iz budućnosti bi sa sigurnošću znao

that in the past,

da smo nekad u prošlosti

we once had a civilized world with free thinking.

imali civiliziran svijet i slobodno mišljenje.

(Speaks Spanish)

(Govori na španjolskom.)

That one wall that my mother gave me the freedom to draw on feels infinite.

Onaj se jedan zid na kojem mi je majka dopustila crtati čini beskonačnim.

And it's for that reason that I am still drawing.

Upravo zato i dalje crtam.

Thank you very much.

Puno vam hvala.

(Cheers and applause)

(Klicanje i pljesak)