Andrew Fitzgerald: Adventures in Twitter fiction

85,421 views ・ 2013-10-11

TED


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00:12
So in my free time outside of Twitter
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I experiment a little bit
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with telling stories online, experimenting
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with what we can do with new digital tools.
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And in my job at Twitter,
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I actually spent a little bit of time
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working with authors and storytellers as well,
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helping to expand out the bounds
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of what people are experimenting with.
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And I want to talk through some examples today
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of things that people have done
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that I think are really fascinating
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using flexible identity and anonymity on the web
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and blurring the lines between fact and fiction.
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But I want to start and go back to the 1930s.
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Long before a little thing called Twitter,
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radio brought us broadcasts
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and connected millions of people
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to single points of broadcast.
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And from those single points emanated stories.
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Some of them were familiar stories.
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Some of them were new stories.
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And for a while they were familiar formats,
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but then radio began to evolve its own
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unique formats specific to that medium.
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Think about episodes that happened live on radio.
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Combining the live play
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and the serialization of written fiction,
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you get this new format.
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And the reason why I bring up radio is that I think
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radio is a great example of how a new medium
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defines new formats which then define new stories.
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And of course, today, we have an entirely new
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medium to play with,
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which is this online world.
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This is the map of verified users on Twitter
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and the connections between them.
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There are thousands upon thousands of them.
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Every single one of these points
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is its own broadcaster.
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We've gone to this world of many to many,
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where access to the tools is the only barrier to broadcasting.
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And I think that we should start to see
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wildly new formats emerge
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as people learn how to tell stories in this new medium.
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I actually believe that we are in a wide open frontier
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for creative experimentation, if you will,
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that we've explored and begun to settle
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this wild land of the Internet
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and are now just getting ready
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to start to build structures on it,
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and those structures are the new formats
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of storytelling that the Internet will allow us to create.
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I believe this starts with an evolution
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of existing methods.
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The short story, for example,
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people are saying that the short story
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is experiencing a renaissance of sorts
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thanks to e-readers, digital marketplaces.
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One writer, Hugh Howey, experimented
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with short stories on Amazon
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by releasing one very short story called "Wool."
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And he actually says that he didn't intend
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for "Wool" to become a series,
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but that the audience loved the first story so much
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they demanded more, and so he gave them more.
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He gave them "Wool 2," which was a little bit longer than the first one,
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"Wool 3," which was even longer,
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culminating in "Wool 5,"
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which was a 60,000-word novel.
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I think Howey was able to do all of this because
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he had the quick feedback system of e-books.
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He was able to write and publish
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in relatively short order.
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There was no mediator between him and the audience.
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It was just him directly connected with his audience
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and building on the feedback and enthusiasm
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that they were giving him.
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So this whole project was an experiment.
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It started with the one short story,
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and I think the experimentation actually became
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a part of Howey's format.
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And that's something that this medium enabled,
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was experimentation being a part of the format itself.
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This is a short story by the author Jennifer Egan
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called "Black Box."
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It was originally written
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specifically with Twitter in mind.
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Egan convinced The New Yorker
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to start a New Yorker fiction account
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from which they could tweet
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all of these lines that she created.
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Now Twitter, of course, has a 140-character limit.
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Egan mocked that up just writing manually
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in this storyboard sketchbook,
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used the physical space constraints
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of those storyboard squares
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to write each individual tweet,
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and those tweets ended up becoming
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over 600 of them that were serialized by The New Yorker.
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Every night, at 8 p.m., you could tune in
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to a short story from The New Yorker's fiction account.
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I think that's pretty exciting:
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tune-in literary fiction.
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The experience of Egan's story, of course,
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like anything on Twitter, there were multiple ways to experience it.
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You could scroll back through it,
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but interestingly, if you were watching it live,
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there was this suspense that built
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because the actual tweets,
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you had no control over when you would read them.
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They were coming at a pretty regular clip,
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but as the story was building,
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normally, as a reader, you control how fast you move through a text,
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but in this case, The New Yorker did,
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and they were sending you bit by bit by bit,
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and you had this suspense of waiting for the next line.
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Another great example of fiction
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and the short story on Twitter,
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Elliott Holt is an author who wrote a story called "Evidence."
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It began with this tweet: "On November 28
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at 10:13 p.m.,
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a woman identified as Miranda Brown,
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44, of Brooklyn, fell to her death
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from the roof of a Manhattan hotel."
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It begins in Elliott's voice,
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but then Elliott's voice recedes,
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and we hear the voices of Elsa, Margot and Simon,
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characters that Elliott created on Twitter
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specifically to tell this story,
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a story from multiple perspectives
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leading up to this moment at 10:13 p.m.
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when this woman falls to her death.
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These three characters brought an authentic vision
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from multiple perspectives.
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One reviewer called Elliott's story
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"Twitter fiction done right," because she did.
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She captured that voice
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and she had multiple characters and it happened in real time.
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Interestingly, though, it wasn't just
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Twitter as a distribution mechanism.
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It was also Twitter as a production mechanism.
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Elliott told me later
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she wrote the whole thing with her thumbs.
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She laid on the couch and just went back and forth
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between different characters
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tweeting out each line, line by line.
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I think that this kind of spontaneous creation
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of what was coming out of the characters' voices
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really lent an authenticity to the characters themselves,
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but also to this format that she had created
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of multiple perspectives in a single story on Twitter.
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As you begin to play with flexible identity online,
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it gets even more interesting
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as you start to interact with the real world.
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Things like Invisible Obama
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or the famous "binders full of women"
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that came up during the 2012 election cycle,
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or even the fan fiction universe of "West Wing" Twitter
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in which you have all of these accounts
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for every single one of the characters in "The West Wing,"
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including the bird that taps at Josh Lyman's window
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in one single episode. (Laughter)
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All of these are rapid iterations on a theme.
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They are creative people experimenting
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with the bounds of what is possible in this medium.
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You look at something like "West Wing" Twitter,
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in which you have these fictional characters
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that engage with the real world.
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They comment on politics,
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they cry out against the evils of Congress.
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Keep in mind, they're all Democrats.
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And they engage with the real world.
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They respond to it.
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So once you take flexible identity,
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anonymity, engagement with the real world,
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and you move beyond simple homage or parody
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and you put these tools to work in telling a story,
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that's when things get really interesting.
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So during the Chicago mayoral election
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there was a parody account.
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It was Mayor Emanuel.
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It gave you everything you wanted from Rahm Emanuel,
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particularly in the expletive department.
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This foul-mouthed account
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followed the daily activities of the race,
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providing commentary as it went.
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It followed all of the natural tropes
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of a good, solid Twitter parody account,
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but then started to get weird.
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And as it progressed, it moved from this commentary
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to a multi-week, real-time science fiction epic
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in which your protagonist, Rahm Emanuel,
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engages in multi-dimensional travel on election day,
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which is -- it didn't actually happen.
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I double checked the newspapers.
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And then, very interestingly, it came to an end.
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This is something that doesn't usually happen
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with a Twitter parody account.
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It ended, a true narrative conclusion.
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And so the author, Dan Sinker, who was a journalist,
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who was completely anonymous this whole time,
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I think Dan -- it made a lot of sense for him
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to turn this into a book,
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because it was a narrative format in the end,
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and I think that turning it into a book
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is representative of this idea that he had created something new
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that needed to be translated into previous formats.
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One of my favorite examples
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of something that's happening on Twitter right now,
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actually, is the very absurdist Crimer Show.
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Crimer Show tells the story
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of a supercriminal and a hapless detective
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that face off in this exceptionally strange lingo,
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with all of the tropes of a television show.
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Crimer Show's creator has said that
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it is a parody of a popular type of show in the U.K.,
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but, man, is it weird.
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And there are all these times where Crimer,
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the supercriminal, does all of these TV things.
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He's always taking off his sunglasses
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or turning to the camera,
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but these things just happen in text.
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I think borrowing all of these tropes from television
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and additionally presenting each Crimer Show
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as an episode, spelled E-P-P-A-S-O-D, "eppasod,"
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presenting them as episodes
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really, it creates something new.
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There is a new "eppasod" of Crimer Show
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on Twitter pretty much every day,
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and they're archived that way.
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And I think this is an interesting experiment in format.
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Something totally new has been created here
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out of parodying something on television.
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I think in nonfiction real-time storytelling,
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there are a lot of really excellent examples as well.
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RealTimeWWII is an account
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that documents what was happening on this day 60 years ago
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in exceptional detail, as if
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you were reading the news reports from that day.
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And the author Teju Cole has done
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a lot of experimentation with putting a literary twist
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on events of the news.
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In this particular case, he's talking about drone strikes.
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I think that in both of these examples,
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you're beginning to see ways in which
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people are telling stories with nonfiction content
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that can be built into new types
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of fictional storytelling.
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So with real-time storytelling,
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blurring the lines between fact and fiction,
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the real world and the digital world,
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flexible identity, anonymity,
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these are all tools that we have accessible to us,
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and I think that they're just the building blocks.
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They are the bits that we use
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to create the structures, the frames,
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that then become our settlements on this
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wide open frontier for creative experimentation.
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Thank you.
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(Applause)
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