How Africa can use its traditional knowledge to make progress | Chika Ezeanya-Esiobu

124,140 views ใƒป 2017-10-31

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ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Nawal Sharabati ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Fatima Zahra El Hafa
00:13
Some months back, I was visiting this East African city,
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ู‚ุจู„ ุนุฏุฉ ุฃุดู‡ุฑุŒ ูƒู†ุชู ููŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ูŠ ู„ุฒูŠุงุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ููŠ ุดุฑู‚ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุงุŒ
00:18
and we were stuck in traffic.
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ูˆุนู„ู‚ู†ุง ููŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑูˆุฑ.
00:21
And this vendor suddenly approaches my window
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ูˆูุฌุฃุฉู‹ุŒ ูŠู‚ุชุฑุจู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุงุฆุน ู…ู† ู†ุงูุฐุชูŠ
00:24
with a half-opened alphabet sheet.
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ุจูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ุฃุญุฑู ุฃุจุฌุฏูŠุฉ ู†ุตู ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ.
00:28
I took a quick look at the alphabet sheet,
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ู†ุธุฑุชู ุณุฑูŠุนู‹ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุญุฑู ุงู„ุฃุจุฌุฏูŠุฉุŒ
00:31
and I thought of my daughter,
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ูˆููƒุฑุชู ููŠ ุงุจู†ุชูŠุŒ
00:32
how it would be nice to spread it on the floor
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ูƒู… ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุทูŠูู‹ุง ู„ูˆ ุจุณุทู†ุงู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ
00:35
and just play all over it with her
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ูˆู„ุนุจุชู ุจูƒู„ ุงู„ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ุจู…ุนูŠุฉ ุงุจู†ุชูŠ
00:37
while getting her to learn the alphabet.
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ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฃุนู„ู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุญุฑู ุงู„ุฃุจุฌุฏูŠุฉ.
00:39
So the traffic moved a bit, and I quickly grabbed a copy,
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ุชุญุฑูƒุช ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ู‹ุงุŒ ูˆุณุญุจุชู ุณุฑูŠุนู‹ุง ู†ุณุฎุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง.
00:42
and we moved on.
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ูˆุชุญุฑูƒู†ุง ู‚ุฏู…ู‹ุง.
00:46
When I had time to fully open the alphabet sheet
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุณู†ุญ ู„ูŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู„ูุชุญ ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุญุฑู ุงู„ุฃุจุฌุฏูŠุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉู‹
00:49
and take a more detailed look at it,
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ูˆุงู„ุชุฏู‚ูŠู‚ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑุŒ
00:51
I knew I was not going to use that to teach my daughter.
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ุนุฑูุชู ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ู„ู† ุฃุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงุจู†ุชูŠ.
00:55
I regretted my purchase.
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ู†ุฏู…ุชู ุนู„ู‰ ุดุฑุงุฆู‡ุง.
00:58
Why so?
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ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ
01:00
Looking at the alphabet sheet reminded me of the fact
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ุฐูƒู‘ุฑู†ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ููŠ ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุญุฑู ุงู„ุฃุจุฌุฏูŠุฉ ุจุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ
01:03
that not much has changed
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ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ
01:05
in the education curricula in Africa.
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ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงู‡ุฌ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง.
01:08
Some decades back, I was taught out of a similar alphabet sheet.
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ู‚ุจู„ ุนุฏุฉ ุนู‚ูˆุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฒู…ู†ุŒ ูƒู†ุชู ุฃุชุนู„ู…ู ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุญุฑู ุงู„ุฃุจุฌุฏูŠุฉ.
01:13
And because of that, I struggled for years.
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ูˆู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุจุจุŒ ุนุงู†ูŠุชู ู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช.
01:16
I struggled to reconcile my reality with the formal education I received
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ุตุงุฑุนุชู ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุชุทุงุจู‚ ูˆุงู‚ุนูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ุฑุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชู„ู‚ูŠุชู‡
01:20
in school, in the schools I attended.
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ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉุŒ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุฑุณ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุนู„ู…ุชู ููŠู‡ุง.
01:24
I had identity crises.
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ุนุงู†ูŠุชู ู…ู† ุฃุฒู…ุฉ ู‡ูˆูŠุฉ.
01:26
I looked down on my reality.
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ุงุณุชุญู‚ุฑุช ูˆุงู‚ุนูŠ.
01:29
I looked at my ancestry, I looked at my lineage with disrespect.
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ู†ุธุฑุชู ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุตู„ูŠุŒ ูˆุฅู„ู‰ ู†ุณุจูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุฏูˆู†ูŠุฉ.
01:34
I had very little patience for what my life had to offer around me.
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ู†ูุฐ ุตุจุฑูŠ ู„ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุชู‚ุฏู…ู‡ ุญูŠุงุชูŠ ู…ู† ุญูˆู„ูŠ.
01:41
Why?
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ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ
01:43
"A is for apple."
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"ุญุฑู A ู„ุชูุงุญุฉ (Apple)ุŒ"
01:46
"A is for apple."
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"ุญุฑู A ู„ุชูุงุญุฉ (Apple)ุŒ"
01:49
"A is for apple" is for that child in that part of the world
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"ุญุฑู A ู„ุชูุงุญุฉ (Apple)ุŒ" ู‡ูŠ ู„ุทูู„ุฉ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
01:54
where apples grow out;
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุชูุงุญ
01:56
who has an apple in her lunch bag;
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู…ุชู„ูƒ ุชูุงุญุฉ ููŠ ุญู‚ูŠุจุฉ ูˆุฌุจุฉ ุบุฐุงุฆู‡ุง
02:00
who goes to the grocery store with her mom and sees red,
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ูˆุชุฐู‡ุจ ู…ุน ูˆุงู„ุฏุชู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุญู„ ุงู„ุจู‚ุงู„ุฉุŒ ูˆุชุฑู‰ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑุŒ
02:03
green, yellow -- apples of all shapes and colors and sizes.
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ูˆุงู„ุฃุฎุถุฑ ูˆุงู„ุฃุตูุฑุŒ ุงู„ุชูุงุญ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุฃู„ูˆุงู† ูˆุงู„ุฃุญุฌุงู….
02:08
And so, introducing education to this child
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ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุงุŒ ูุชู‚ุฏูŠู… ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทูู„
02:10
with an alphabet sheet like this
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ุจูˆุฑู‚ุฉ ุฃุญุฑู ุฃุจุฌุฏูŠุฉ ูƒู‡ุฐู‡
02:14
fulfills one of the major functions of education,
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ูŠู„ุจูŠ ุฃุญุฏ ุฃู‡ู… ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุŒ
02:17
which is to introduce the learner
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ุฃู„ุง ูˆู‡ูŠ ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู‘ู…
02:20
to an appreciation of the learner's environment
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ุนู„ู‰ ุชู‚ุฏูŠุฑ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุจูŠุฆุชู‡ ูˆู…ุญูŠุทู‡
02:23
and a curiosity to explore more in order to add value.
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ูˆุญุจ ุงู„ูุถูˆู„ ู„ุงูƒุชุดุงู ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ.
02:29
In my own case,
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ููŠ ุญุงู„ุชูŠ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉุŒ
02:32
when and where I grew up in Africa,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูˆุญูŠุซู ุชุฑุนุฑุนุชู ููŠ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุงุŒ
02:35
apple was an exotic fruit.
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ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุชูุงุญุฉ ูุงูƒู‡ุฉ ุบุฑูŠุจุฉ.
02:38
Two or three times a year,
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ู…ุฑุชุงู† ุฃูˆ ุซู„ุงุซ ู…ุฑุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉุŒ
02:40
I could get some yellowish apples with brown dots, you know,
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ูƒู†ุชู ุฃุญุตู„ู ุนู„ู‰ ุชูุงุญ ุฃุตูุฑ ุจู†ู‚ุงุท ุจู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ
02:45
signifying thousands of miles traveled -- warehouses storing --
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ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ุช ุขู„ุงู„ุงู ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠุงู„ ู„ุชุฎุฒู† ููŠ ู…ุฎุงุฒู† ุชุจุฑูŠุฏุŒ
02:49
to get to me.
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ู„ุฃุญุตู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง.
02:51
I grew up in the city
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ุชุฑุนุฑุนุชู ููŠ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ
02:53
to very financially comfortable parents,
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ู„ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠู† ู…ุฑุชุงุญูŠู† ุฌุฏู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏูŠุฉุŒ
02:56
so it was my dignified reality,
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ูˆูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ูˆุงู‚ุนูŠ ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠู….
02:58
exactly the same way
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ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
03:00
cassava fufu or ugali would not regularly feature
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ู† ูŠุจุฑุฒ ุจู‡ุง ุงู„ูƒุงุณุงูุง ุฃูˆ ุทุจู‚ ุงู„ุฃูˆุบุงู„ูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุบุฐุงุฆูŠ
03:05
in an American, Chinese or Indian diet,
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ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุŒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุŒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏูŠุŒ
03:08
apples didn't count as part of my reality.
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ู„ู… ูŠุชู… ุงุนุชุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุชูุงุญ ุฌุฒุกู‹ุง ู…ู† ูˆุงู‚ุนูŠ.
03:12
So what this did to me,
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ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูู…ุง ูุนู„ู‡ ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ูŠุŒ
03:15
introducing education to me with "A is for apple,"
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ุชู‚ุฏูŠู… ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ู„ูŠ ุจ"ุญุฑู A ู„ุชูุงุญุฉ (Apple)ุŒ"
03:18
made education an abstraction.
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ุฌุนู„ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ูƒุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุชุฌุฑูŠุฏูŠ ุบุงู…ุถ.
03:21
It made it something out of my reach --
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ุฌุนู„ู‡ ูƒุดูŠุก ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุŒ
03:24
a foreign concept,
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ู…ูู‡ูˆู… ุบุฑูŠุจ ุนู†ูŠุŒ
03:26
a phenomenon for which I would have to constantly and perpetually seek
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ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุณุนูŠ ููŠ ุณุจูŠู„ู‡ุง ุจุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ู†ุญูˆู ุฏุงุฆู… ู„ู†ูŠู„
03:30
the validation of those it belonged to
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ู‚ุจูˆู„ ุฃูˆู„ุฆูƒ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠู…ู„ูƒูˆู†ู‡ุง
03:32
for me to make progress within it and with it.
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ู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ุงู„ุชู‚ุฏู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ูˆู…ุนู‡ุง.
03:36
That was tough for a child; it would be tough for anyone.
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ูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู‚ุงุณูŠู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุทูู„ุŒ ูˆุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ุงุณูŠู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ุดุฎุต.
03:40
As I grew up and I advanced academically,
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ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒุจุฑุชู ูˆุชู‚ุฏู…ุชู ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠู‹ุงุŒ
03:42
my reality was further separated from my education.
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ุงู†ูุตู„ ูˆุงู‚ุนูŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุนู† ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠ.
03:48
In history, I was taught
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ููŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎุŒ ุชุนู„ู…ุชู
03:50
that the Scottish explorer Mungo Park discovered the Niger River.
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ุจุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชูƒุดู ุงู„ุฃุณูƒุชู„ู†ุฏูŠ ู…ูˆู†ุบูˆ ุจุงุฑูƒ ุงูƒุชุดู ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ู†ู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู†ูŠุฌุฑ.
03:55
And so it bothered me.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุฃุฒุนุฌู†ูŠ.
03:57
My great-great-grandparents grew up
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ุชุฑุนุฑุน ุฃุฌุฏุงุฏ ุฃุฌุฏุงุฏูŠ
03:59
quite close to the edge of the Niger River.
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ุจุงู„ู‚ุฑุจ ู…ู† ุญุงูุฉ ู†ู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู†ูŠุฌุฑ.
04:01
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
04:03
And it took someone to travel thousands of miles from Europe
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ูˆุชุทู„ุจ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุดุฎุตู‹ุง ู…ุง ู„ู„ุณูุฑ ุขู„ุงู ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠุงู„ ู…ู† ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุง
04:10
to discover a river right under their nose?
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ู„ุงูƒุชุดุงู ู†ู‡ุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุฃู‰ ู…ู† ุนูŠูˆู†ู‡ู…ุŸ
04:12
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
04:15
No!
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ูƒู„ุง!
04:16
(Applause and cheers)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚ ูˆู‡ุชุงู)
04:22
What did they do with their time?
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ู…ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠูุนู„ูˆู† ุจูˆู‚ุชู‡ู…ุŸ
04:23
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
04:25
Playing board games, roasting fresh yams,
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ูŠู„ุนุจูˆู† ุฃู„ุนุงุจ ุงู„ุทุงูˆู„ุฉุŒ ูˆูŠุดูˆูˆู† ุงู„ูŠุงู… ุงู„ุทุงุฒุฌุŒ
04:28
fighting tribal wars?
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ูˆูŠู‚ุงุชู„ูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ู‚ุจู„ูŠุฉุŸ
04:30
I mean, I just knew my education was preparing me to go somewhere else
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ุฃู‚ุตุฏูุŒ ุนุฑูุชู ู„ู„ุชูˆ ุจุฃู† ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠ ูŠู‡ูŠุฆู†ูŠ ู„ู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูƒุงู†ู ุขุฎุฑ
04:35
and practice and give to another environment that it belonged to.
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ูˆู…ู…ุงุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนุทุงุก ููŠ ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุชุณุชุญู‚.
04:39
It was not for my environment, where and when I grew up.
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ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠ ูŠูˆุงูู‚ ุจูŠุฆุชูŠ ุญูŠุซู ุชุฑุนุฑุนุช.
04:43
And this continued.
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ูˆุงุณุชู…ุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ.
04:44
This philosophy undergirded my studies
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ุฏุนู…ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูู„ุณูุฉ ุฏุฑุงุณุงุชูŠ
04:46
all through the time I studied in Africa.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฏุฑุณุชู ููŠู‡ ููŠ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง.
04:48
It took a lot of experiences and some studies
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ุงุณุชุบุฑู‚ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจุŒ ูˆุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช
04:52
for me to begin to have a change of mindset.
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ู„ุฃุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุชููƒูŠุฑูŠ.
04:55
I will share a couple of the remarkable ones with us.
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ุณุฃุดุงุฑูƒูƒู… ุชุฌุฑุจุชูŠู† ุฑุงุฆุนุชูŠู†.
04:59
I was in the United States in Washington, DC
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ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ูˆุงุดู†ุทู† ุนุงุตู…ุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ
05:02
studying towards my doctorate,
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ุฃุฏุฑุณู ู„ู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุดู‡ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑุงุฉุŒ
05:04
and I got this consultancy position with the World Bank Africa Region.
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ูˆุญุตู„ุชู ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู†ุตุจ ุงุณุชุดุงุฑูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู†ูƒ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ุชุงุจุน ู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง.
05:08
And so I remember one day,
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ูˆุฃุชุฐูƒุฑู ุฐุงุช ูŠูˆู…ุŒ
05:11
my boss -- we were having a conversation on some project,
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ูƒู†ุชู ุฃุชุจุงุฏู„ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุด ู…ุน ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ุญูˆู„ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูŠุนุŒ
05:16
and he mentioned a particular World Bank project,
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ูˆุฐูƒุฑ ู…ุดุฑูˆุนู‹ุง ู„ู„ุจู†ูƒ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุฏุŒ
05:19
a large-scale irrigation project that cost millions of dollars
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ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุฑูŠ ูˆุงุณุน ุงู„ู†ุทุงู‚ ูŠูƒู„ูู ุงู„ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑุงุช
05:24
in Niger Republic
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ููŠ ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ูŠุฌุฑ
05:25
that was faltering sustainably.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุชุฏุงุนู‰ ุจุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ.
05:28
He said this project wasn't so sustainable,
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ู‚ุงู„ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู†ู‹ุง ุฃุจุฏู‹ุง.
05:31
and it bothered those that instituted the whole package.
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ูˆุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุฒุนุฌ ุฃูˆู„ุฆูƒ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูˆุถุนูˆุง ุงู„ุตูู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„.
05:36
But then he mentioned a particular project,
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ูˆุฐูƒุฑ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุดุฑูˆุนู‹ุง ู…ุนูŠู†ู‹ุงุŒ
05:39
a particular traditional irrigation method that was hugely successful
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ูˆุณูŠู„ุฉ ุฑูŠ ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู†ุฌุญุช ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ
05:44
in the same Niger Republic where the World Bank project was failing.
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ููŠ ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ูŠุฌุฑ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุญูŠุซ ูุดู„ ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุงู„ุจู†ูƒ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠ.
05:48
And that got me thinking.
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ู…ู…ุง ุฌุนู„ู†ูŠ ุฃููƒุฑ.
05:51
So I did further research,
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ูˆู‚ู…ุชู ุจุนู…ู„ ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุจุญุงุซุŒ
05:53
and I found out about Tassa.
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ูˆุงูƒุชุดูุชู ุชุงุณุง (Tassa).
05:57
Tassa is a traditional irrigation method
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ุชุงุณุง ู‡ูŠ ูˆุณูŠู„ุฉ ุฑูŠ ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠุฉ
06:01
where 20- to 30-centimeter-wide and 20- to 30-centimeter-deep holes
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠุชู… ุญูุฑ ูุฌูˆุงุช ุจุนุฑุถ 20 ุฅู„ู‰ 30 ุณู†ุชูŠู…ุชุฑุŒ ูˆุจุนู…ู‚ 20 ุฅู„ู‰ 30 ุณู†ุชูŠู…ุชุฑ
06:07
are dug across a field to be cultivated.
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ูˆุชุญูุฑูŒ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุญู‚ู„ ู„ุฒุฑุงุนุชู‡ุง.
06:11
Then, a small dam is constructed around the field,
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ูˆูŠุชู…ู ุจุนุฐ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจู†ุงุก ุณุฏ ุตุบูŠุฑ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุญู‚ู„ุŒ
06:16
and then crops are planted across the surface area.
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ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ุชุฒุฑุนู ุงู„ู…ุญุงุตูŠู„ ุนุจุฑ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุณุทุญ.
06:19
What happens is that when rain falls,
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ูˆู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุชุณุงู‚ุท ุงู„ุฃู…ุทุงุฑุŒ
06:23
the holes are able to store the water
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ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ูุฌูˆุงุช ุชุฎุฒูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุงุก
06:26
and appropriate it to the extent that the plant needs the water.
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ูˆุชุฎุตูŠุตู‡ ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงุญุชูŠุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ู†ุจุชุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุงุก.
06:30
The plant can only assimilate as much water as needed
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ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ู ู„ู„ู†ุจุชุฉ ุฃู† ุชู…ุชุต ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ
06:33
until harvest time.
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ุญุชู‰ ู…ูˆุณู… ุงู„ุญุตุงุฏ.
06:36
Niger is 75 percent scorched desert,
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%75 ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูŠุฌุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุตุญุฑุงุก ุญุงุฑู‚ุฉุŒ
06:40
so this is something that is a life-or-death situation,
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ูˆุจู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุจู…ุซุงุจุฉ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุญูŠุงุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ูˆุชุŒ
06:43
and it has been used for centuries.
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ูˆุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุช ู„ู‚ุฑูˆู†ู ู…ู† ุงู„ุฒู…ู†.
06:45
In an experiment that was conducted,
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ูˆููŠ ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ุฃุฌุฑูŠุชุŒ
06:48
two similar plots of land were used in the experiment,
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ุชู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู‚ุทุนุชูŠู† ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ุชูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุงุถูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑุจุฉุŒ
06:53
and one plot of land
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ูˆู‚ุทุนุฉ ุฃุฑุถ
06:56
did not have the Tassa technique on it.
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ู„ู… ูŠุชู… ููŠู‡ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุชุงุณุง.
06:58
Similar plots.
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ู‚ุทุนุชุงู† ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ุชุงู†.
06:59
The other one had Tassa technique constructed on it.
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ูˆุชู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุชุงุณุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰.
07:03
Then similar grains of millet also were planted on both plots.
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ูˆุชู… ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญุจูˆุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูุฎู† ููŠ ูƒู„ุง ุงู„ู‚ุทุนุชูŠู†.
07:08
During harvest time,
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ูˆุฎู„ุงู„ ู…ูˆุณู… ุงู„ุญุตุงุฏุŒ
07:10
the plot of land without Tassa technique
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ู‚ุทุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุฏูˆู† ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑูŠ ุชุงุณุง
07:13
yielded 11 kilograms of millet per hectare.
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ุฃุซู…ุฑุช 11 ูƒูŠู„ูˆุบุฑุงู…ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูุฎู† ู„ูƒู„ ู‡ูƒุชุงุฑ.
07:18
The plot of land with Tassa technique
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ูˆู‚ุทุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุจุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑูŠ ุชุงุณุง
07:21
yielded 553 kilograms of millet per hectare.
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ุฃุซู…ุฑุช 553 ูƒูŠู„ูˆุบุฑุงู…ู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูุฎู† ู„ูƒู† ู‡ูƒุชุงุฑ.
07:27
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
07:30
I looked at the research, and I looked at myself.
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ู†ุธุฑุชู ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุจุญุงุซุŒ ูˆู†ุธุฑุชู ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ูุณูŠ.
07:34
I said, "I studied agriculture for 12 years,
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ูˆู‚ู„ุชุŒ "ุฏุฑุณุชู ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ 12 ุนุงู…ุงุŒ
07:37
from primary to Senior Six, as we say in East Africa,
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ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุจุชุฏุงุฆูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุŒ ูƒู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ ุดุฑู‚ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุงุŒ
07:40
SS3 in West Africa or 12th grade.
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ูˆSS3 ููŠ ุบุฑุจ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุงุŒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุตู ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุนุดุฑ.
07:43
No one ever taught me
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ู„ู… ูŠุนู„ู…ู†ูŠ ุฃุญุฏ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ูˆู‚ุชู ู…ุถู‰
07:44
of any form of traditional African knowledge of cultivation --
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ุฃูŠ ุดูƒู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ
07:48
of harvesting, of anything --
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ูˆุงู„ุญุตุงุฏุŒ ูˆู„ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ูƒุงู†
07:50
that will work in modern times and actually succeed,
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ุณูŠุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ู…ุนุงุตุฑ ูˆูŠู†ุฌุญ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ
07:54
where something imported from the West would struggle to succeed.
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ุญูŠุซ ุชู… ุงุณุชูŠุฑุงุฏ ุดูŠุก ู…ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุบุฑุจุŒ ูˆูƒุงูุญ ู„ู„ู†ุฌุงุญ.
07:59
That was when I knew the challenge,
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ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุนุฑูุชู ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุŒ
08:02
the challenge of Africa's curricula,
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ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชูˆุงุฌู‡ู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงู‡ุฌ ุงู„ุฅูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุฉุŒ
08:05
And I thus began my quest to dedicate my life, concern my life work,
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ูˆุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุจุฏุฃุช ู…ุณุนุงูŠ ู„ุชูƒุฑูŠุณ ุญูŠุงุชูŠุŒ ุญูŠุงุชูŠ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉุŒ
08:10
to studying, conducting research on Africa's own knowledge system
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ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ูˆุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุงู„ุฃุจุญุงุซ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ู…ุนุฑููŠ ุงู„ุฅูุฑูŠู‚ูŠ
08:14
and being able to advocate for its mainstreaming
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ูˆุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏุนูˆุฉ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุชุนู…ูŠู…ู‡ุง
08:17
in education, in research, policy
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ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ูˆุงู„ุจุญุซ ูˆุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุฉ
08:20
across sectors and industries.
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ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุทุงุนุงุช ูˆุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุงุช.
08:23
Another conversation and experience I had at the bank
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ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ุฏูŠู‘ ู…ุญุงุฏุซุฉ ูˆุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู†ูƒ
08:27
I guess made me take that final decision of where I was going to go,
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ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุฌุนู„ุชู†ูŠ ุฃุชูˆุตู„ู ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ุฑุงุฑู ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ ููŠู…ุง ุฃุฑูŠุฏู ุงู„ุชูˆุฌู‡ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุŒ
08:32
even though it wasn't the most lucrative research to go into,
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ุฑุบู… ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุงู„ุจุญุซ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฑุจุญู‹ุง ู„ู„ุชูˆุฌู‡ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุŒ
08:36
but it was just about what I believed in.
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ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ูู‚ุท ุญูˆู„ ู…ุง ุขู…ู†ุชู ุจู‡.
08:38
And so one day, my boss said that he likes to go to Africa
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ูˆุฐุงุช ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ู‚ุงู„ ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุฑุบุจู ููŠ ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง
08:43
to negotiate World Bank loans and to work on World Bank projects.
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ู„ู„ุชูุงูˆุถ ุญูˆู„ ู‚ุฑูˆุถ ุงู„ุจู†ูƒ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠุŒ ูˆุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุดุงุฑูŠุน ุงู„ุจู†ูƒ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠ.
08:48
And I was intrigued. I asked him why.
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ูˆูƒู†ุชู ูุถูˆู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุณุฃู„ุชู‡ ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ
08:50
He said, "Oh, when I go to Africa,
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ู‚ุงู„ุŒ "ุฃูˆู‡ุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฃุฐู‡ุจู ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุงุŒ
08:53
it's so easy.
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ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุณู‡ู„ุง ุฌุฏู‹ุง.
ุฃูƒุชุจู ูู‚ุท ูˆุซุงุฆู‚ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุถุŒ ูˆู…ู‚ุชุฑุญ ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ููŠ ูˆุงุดู†ุทู† ุงู„ุนุงุตู…ุฉุŒ
08:55
I just write up my loan documents and my project proposal in Washington, DC,
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08:59
I go to Africa, and they all just get signed.
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ูˆุฃุฐู‡ุจู ู„ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุงุŒ ูˆุฃุญุตู„ู ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑุงู‚ ู…ูˆู‚ุนุฉ.
09:02
I get the best deal, and I'm back to base.
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ุฃุญุตู„ู ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูุถู„ ุงู„ุตูู‚ุงุชุŒ ูˆุฃุนูˆุฏู ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฑ.
09:06
My bosses are happy with me."
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ูˆุฑุคุณุงุฆูŠ ุณุนุฏุงุก ู…ุนูŠ."
09:08
But then he said, "I hate going to Asia or ..."
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ูˆู‚ุงู„ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ "ู„ุง ุฃุญุจู ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุขุณูŠุง ุฃูˆ ..."
09:12
and he mentioned a particular country, Asia and some of these countries.
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ูˆุฐูƒุฑ ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุฏุŒ ุขุณูŠุง ูˆุจุนุถ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„.
09:16
"They keep me for this, trying to get the best deal for their countries.
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"ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฃุฎูŠุฑูŠ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู…ุญุงูˆู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูุถู„ ุตูู‚ุฉ ู„ุฏูˆู„ู‡ู….
09:20
They get the best deal.
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ูˆูŠุญุตู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูุถู„ ุตูู‚ุฉ.
09:21
They tell me, 'Oh, that clause will not work for us
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ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู† ู„ูŠุŒ "ุฃูˆู‡ุŒ ู„ู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจู†ุฏ ู„ุฃุฌู„ู†ุง
09:24
in our environment.
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ูˆููŠ ุจูŠุฆุชู†ุง.
09:25
It's not our reality. It's just so Western.'
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช ูˆุงู‚ุนู†ุงุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุบุฑุจูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุง."
09:28
And they tell me, 'Oh, we have enough experts
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ูˆูŠุฎุจุฑูˆู†ู†ูŠุŒ "ุฃูˆู‡ุŒ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู…ุง ูŠูƒููŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุจุฑุงุก
09:32
to take care of this.
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ู„ู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ุจุฐู„ูƒ.
09:33
You don't have enough experts.
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ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฏูŠูƒู… ู…ุง ูŠูƒููŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุจุฑุงุก
09:34
We know our aim.'
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ู†ุญู†ู ู†ุนุฑูู ู‡ุฏูู†ุง."
09:36
And they just keep going through all these things.
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ูˆูŠุณุชู…ุฑูˆู† ููŠ ู…ุฑุงุฌุนุฉ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ.
ูˆุจุญู„ูˆู„ ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‡ุงุกุŒ ู†ุนู…! ุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠุญุตู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูุถู„ ุตูู‚ุฉุŒ
09:38
By the time they finish, yes, they get the best deal,
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ูˆุฃูƒูˆู† ู…ุชุนุจู‹ุง ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุฃุญุตู„ู ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูุถู„ ุตูู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ุจู†ูƒุŒ
09:41
but I'm so exhausted and I don't get the best deal for the bank,
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ูˆู†ุญู† ููŠ ุฎุถู… ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ."
09:44
and we're in business."
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09:45
"Really?" I thought in my head, "OK."
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ุฃุญู‚ู‹ุงุŸ ูŠู†ุชุงุจู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑุŒ "ุญุณู†ู‹ุง".
09:47
I was privileged to sit in on a loan negotiating session
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ูƒุงู† ุดุฑูู‹ุง ู„ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃุฌู„ุณ ููŠ ุฌู„ุณุฉ ุชูุงูˆุถ ุจุดุฃู† ู‚ุฑุถ
09:51
in an African country.
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ููŠ ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุฉ.
09:53
So I would do these consultancy positions during summer,
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ูˆุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุงุณุชุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุตูŠูุŒ
09:56
you know, since I was a doctoral student.
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ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ุจุตูุชูŠ ุทุงู„ุจุฉ ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑุงุฉ.
09:58
And then I traveled with the team, with the World Bank team,
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ูˆุณุงูุฑุชู ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุน ุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚ุŒ ู…ุน ูุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุจู†ูƒ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠุŒ
10:03
as more like someone to help out with organizational matters.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูƒุดุฎุต ูŠุณุงุนุฏู ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุชู†ุธูŠู…ูŠุฉ.
10:07
But I sat in during the negotiating session.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุฌู„ุณุชู ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฌู„ุณุฉ ุงู„ุชูุงูˆุถ.
10:11
I had mostly Euro-Americans, you know, with me from Washington, DC.
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ูˆูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ูƒุงู† ู…ุนุธู… ู…ู† ู…ุนูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠูŠู†-ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑูˆุจูŠู† ู…ู† ูˆุงุดู†ุทู† ุงู„ุนุงุตู…ุฉ.
10:16
And I looked across the table at my African brothers and sisters.
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ูˆู†ุธุฑุชู ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุทุงูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุงูˆุถุงุช ู„ุฅุฎูˆุชูŠ ูˆุฃุฎูˆุงุชูŠ ุงู„ุฃูุงุฑู‚ุฉ.
10:21
I could see intimidation on their faces.
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ูˆุงุณุชุทุนุชู ุฃู† ุฃุฑู‰ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฎูˆู ูˆุงู„ุฑู‡ุจุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌูˆู‡ู‡ู….
10:24
They didn't believe they had anything to offer
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ู„ู… ูŠุคู…ู†ูˆุง ุจุฃู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ู„ุชู‚ุฏูŠู…ู‡
10:27
the great-great-grandchildren of Mungo Park --
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ุฃุญูุงุฏ ุฃุญูุงุฏ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ูˆู†ุบูˆ ุจุงุฑูƒ
10:29
the owners of "apple" in "A is for apple."
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ุฃุตุญุงุจ "ุญุฑู A ู„ุชูุงุญุฉ (Apple)ุŒ"
10:32
They just sat and watched: "Oh, just give us, let us sign.
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ุฌู„ุณูˆุง ูู‚ุท ูˆุดุงู‡ุฏูˆุง: "ุฃุนุทูˆู†ุง ูู‚ุทุŒ ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ูˆู‚ุน.
10:34
You own the knowledge. You know it all.
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ุฃู†ุชู… ุชู…ู„ูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉุŒ ุชุนุฑููˆู† ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก.
10:36
Just, where do we sign? Show us, let us sign."
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ูู‚ุทุŒ ุฃูŠู† ุชุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ุฃู† ู†ูˆู‚ุนุŸ ุฃุฑูˆู†ุงุŒ ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ูˆู‚ุน."
10:38
They had no voice. They didn't believe in themselves.
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ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุฃูŠ ุตูˆุช ุฃูˆ ุฑุฃูŠุŒ ู„ู… ูŠุคู…ู†ูˆุง ุจุฃู†ูุณู‡ู….
10:46
Excuse me.
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ุงุนุฐุฑูˆู†ูŠ!
10:48
And so,
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ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุงุŒ
10:51
I have been doing this for a decade.
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ุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุนู…ู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู†ุฐ ุนู‚ุฏู ู…ู† ุงู„ุฒู…ู†.
10:53
I have been conducting research on Africa's knowledge system,
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ุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุฃุจุญุงุซ ุจุดุฃู† ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ููŠ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุงุŒ
10:57
original, authentic, traditional knowledge.
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ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุตูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠุฉ.
10:59
In the few cases where this has been implemented in Africa,
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ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุญูŠุซู ุชู… ุชู†ููŠุฐ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุงุŒ
11:02
there has been remarkable successes recorded.
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ุชู… ุชุณุฌูŠู„ ู†ุฌุงุญุงุช ุฑุงุฆุนุฉ.
11:05
I think of Gacaca.
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ุฃููƒุฑ ููŠ ู…ุญุงูƒู… ุบุงุดุงุดุง (Gacaca).
11:07
Gacaca is Rwanda's traditional judicial system
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ุบุงุดุงุดุง ู‡ูŠ ู†ุธุงู… ู‚ุถุงุฆูŠ ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ููŠ ุฑูˆุงู†ุฏุง
11:12
that was used after the genocide.
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ุชู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ููŠ ุฃุนู‚ุงุจ ุงู„ุฅุจุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ุงุนูŠุฉ
11:14
In 1994, when the genocide ended,
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ููŠ ุนุงู… 1994ุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุงู†ุชู‡ุช ุงู„ุฅุจุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ุงุนูŠุฉุŒ
11:18
Rwanda's national court system was in shambles:
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ูƒุงู† ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ู…ุญุงูƒู… ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฑูˆุงู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฑุฌ ูˆู…ุฑุฌุŒ
11:20
no judges, no lawyers to try hundreds of thousands of genocide cases.
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ู„ุง ู‚ุถุงุฉ ูˆู„ุง ู…ุญุงู…ูŠู† ู„ู…ุญุงูƒู…ุฉ ู…ุฆุงุช ุงู„ุขู„ุงู ู…ู† ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฅุจุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ุงุนูŠุฉ.
11:26
So the government of Rwanda came up with this idea
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุฌุงุกุช ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุฑูˆุงู†ุฏุง ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ
11:29
to resuscitate a traditional judicial system known as Gacaca.
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ู„ุฅุญูŠุงุก ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ู‚ุถุงุฆูŠ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุจุงุณู… ุบุงุดุงุดุง.
11:33
Gacaca is a community-based judicial system,
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ุบุงุดุงุดุง ู‡ูˆ ู†ุธุงู… ู‚ุถุงุฆูŠ ูŠุณุชู†ุฏู ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠุŒ
11:37
where community members come together
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠุฌุชู…ุนู ุฃุนุถุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ู…ุนู‹ุง
11:40
to elect men and women of proven integrity
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ู„ุงู†ุชุฎุงุจ ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ูˆุงู„ู†ุณุงุก ู…ู…ู† ุนุฑู ุนู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ู†ุฒุงู‡ุฉ
11:43
to try cases of crimes committed within these communities.
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ู„ู…ุญุงูƒู…ุฉ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฌุฑุงุฆู… ุงู„ุชูŠ ุงุฑุชูƒุจุช ููŠ ุญู‚ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช.
11:49
So by the time Gacaca concluded its trial of genocide cases in 2012,
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ูˆุจุญู„ูˆู„ ุงุฎุชุชุงู… ุบุงุดุงุดุง ู„ู…ุญุงูƒู…ุชู‡ุง ู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฅุจุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ุงุนูŠุฉ ููŠ ุนุงู… 2012ุŒ
11:55
12,000 community-based courts had tried approximately 1.2 million cases.
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ุญูƒู…ุช 12,000 ู…ุญูƒู…ุฉ ู…ุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ ู…ุญู„ูŠุฉ ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุฑุจ ู…ู† 1.2 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุญุงู„ุฉ.
12:03
That's a record.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุฑู‚ู… ู‚ูŠุงุณูŠ.
12:05
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
12:10
Most importantly is that Gacaca emphasized Rwanda's traditional philosophy
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ูˆุงู„ุฃู‡ู… ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุบุงุดุงุดุง ุชุคูƒุฏู ุนู„ู‰ ูู„ุณูุฉ ุฑูˆุงู†ุฏุง ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠุฉ
12:16
of reconciliation and reintegration,
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ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุตุงู„ุญุฉ ูˆุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุชูˆุญูŠุฏ ุทุจู‚ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน.
12:19
as against the whole punitive and banishment idea
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ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนู‚ุงุจ ูˆุงู„ู†ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„
12:23
that undergirds present-day Western style.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฑูƒูŠุฒุฉ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุบุฑุจูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠ.
12:27
And not to compare, but just to say that it really emphasized
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ูˆู„ูŠุณ ู„ู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ู„ู‚ูˆู„ุŒ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุฃูƒุฏุช ุนู„ู‰
12:31
Rwanda's traditional method of philosophy.
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ู†ู‡ุฌ ุฑูˆุงู†ุฏุง ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ูู„ุณููŠ.
12:35
And so it was Mwalimu Julius Nyerere,
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ูˆูƒุงู† ู…ูˆุงู„ูŠู…ูˆ ุฌูˆู„ูŠูˆุณ ู†ูŠุฑูŠุฑูŠุŒ
12:37
former president of Tanzania --
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ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ ู„ุชู†ุฒุงู†ูŠุง...
12:39
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
12:41
who said that you cannot develop people.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒู… ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ุนุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ
12:44
People will have to develop themselves.
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ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ุฃู†ูุณู‡ู….
12:48
I agree with Mwalimu.
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ุฃุชูู‚ู ู…ุน ู…ูˆุงู„ูŠู…ูˆ.
12:50
I am convinced
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ูˆุฃู†ุง ู…ู‚ุชู†ุนุฉ
12:51
that Africa's further transformation, Africa's advancement,
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ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุญูˆู„ ูˆุงู„ุชู‚ุฏู… ููŠ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง
12:55
rests simply in the acknowledgment, validation and mainstreaming
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ูŠู‚ุนู ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุนุชุฑุงูุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชุญู‚ู‚ ู…ู† ุตุญุฉ ูˆุชุนู…ูŠู…
13:00
of Africa's own traditional, authentic, original, indigenous knowledge
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ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ุฃุตูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง
13:05
in education, in research, in policy making and across sectors.
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ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ูˆุงู„ุจุญุซ ูˆุตู†ุน ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุฑุงุช ูˆุนุจุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุทุงุนุงุช.
13:10
This is not going to be easy for Africa.
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ู„ู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุณู‡ู„ู‹ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง.
13:13
It is not going to be easy for a people used to being told how to think,
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ูˆู„ู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุณู‡ู„ู‹ุง ู„ุดุนูˆุจู ุงุนุชุงุฏุช ู„ุฃู† ูŠู‚ุงู„ ู„ู‡ุง ูƒูŠู ุชููƒุฑุŒ
13:16
what to do, how to go about it,
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ูˆู…ุงุฐุง ุชูุนู„ุŒ ูˆูƒูŠู ุชุชูˆุฌู‡ ุจุดุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉุŒ
13:19
a people long subjected to the intellectual guidance
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ู„ุดุนูˆุจู ุชุนุฑุถุช ุทูˆูŠู„ู‹ุง ู„ู„ุฅุฑุดุงุฏ ุงู„ููƒุฑูŠ
13:22
and direction of others,
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ูˆู„ู„ุชูˆุฌูŠู‡ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑูŠู†ุŒ
13:24
be they the colonial masters,
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ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุฃุณูŠุงุฏ ุงู„ุงุณุชุนู…ุงุฑุŒ
13:25
aid industry or international news media.
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ุฃูˆ ุตู†ุงุน ุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนูˆู†ุงุชุŒ ุฃูˆ ูˆุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุฅุนู„ุงู… ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠุฉ
13:28
But it is a task that we have to do to make progress.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ุง ู„ู†ุญุฑุฒ ุงู„ุชู‚ุฏู….
13:32
I am strengthened by the words of Joseph Shabalala,
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ูˆุชุคูŠุฏู†ูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุฌูˆุฒูŠู ุดุงุจุงู„ุงู„ุงุŒ
13:35
founder of the South African choral group Ladysmith Black Mambazo.
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ู…ุคุณุณ ูุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฌูˆู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุณูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฌู†ูˆุจ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง "ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุณู…ูŠุซ ุจู„ุงูƒ ู…ุงู…ุจุงุฒูˆ".
13:38
He said that the task ahead of us can never, ever be greater
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ู‚ุงู„ ุจุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู ุฃุจุฏุง ู„ู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู†ุชุธุฑู†ุง ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ
13:44
than the power within us.
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ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุจุฏุงุฎู„ู†ุง.
13:46
We can do it.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุฐู„ูƒ.
13:47
We can unlearn looking down on ourselves.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ู†ุณู‰ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุงุณุชุตุบุงุฑู†ุง ู„ุฃู†ูุณู†ุง
13:50
We can learn to place value on our reality and our knowledge.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุชุนู„ู‘ู… ุชู‚ุฏูŠุฑ ูˆุงู‚ุนู†ุง ูˆู…ุนุฑูุชู†ุง.
13:54
Thank you.
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ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ู„ูƒู….
13:55
(Swahili) Thank you very much.
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(ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุณูˆุงุญูŠู„ูŠุฉ) ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ู„ูƒู… ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง!
13:57
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
13:58
Thank you. Thank you.
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ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ู„ูƒู…! ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ู„ูƒู…!
14:00
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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