The power of a great introduction - Carolyn Mohr

引言的魔力 - Carolyn Mohr

翻译人员: Minji Seo 校对人员: Sherry Chen

Think about how your favorite stories hook you.

回想看看，你最喜欢的故事为什么会吸引你？

"When he was nearly 13, my brother Jim

“我的哥哥杰姆在快13岁的时候

got his arm badly broken at the elbow.

把手肘摔断了。

When it healed, and Jim's fears of never being able to play football

当他痊愈后，就不再需要担心这辈子都不能玩橄榄球了，

were assuaged, he was seldom self conscious about his injury."

他很少想起曾经受过这个伤。“

"All this happened, more or less. The war parts, anyway,

”这种事总会发生，只是多少的问题罢了。

are pretty much true. One guy I knew really was shot

战争总是如此真实。 我认识一位曾在德勒斯登被枪击的人，

in Dresden for taking a teapot that wasn't his."

原因只是他拿了别人的茶壶。“

"My father's family name being Pirrip, and my Christian name Philip,

”我父亲的姓是皮利普，我的名是菲利普。

my infant tongue could make of both names nothing longer

可是小时候我只会说：『皮普』

or more explicit than 'Pip.'

所以我自称皮普，

So I called myself Pip, and came to be called Pip."

然后大家就都叫我皮普了。“

Imagery, intrigue, emotion: each introduction makes you want to read more.

富含意象、情节、情感的每一篇引言 都会让你想要继续读下去

If you have an assignment to write a literary analysis,

如果你被指派写一篇文学分析

your introduction will be just as important.

你的引言和它一样重要

There will be four elements in your essay:

你的论文会有四个部分

your introduction,

引言

thesis statement,

论点陈述

analysis and conclusion.

分析与结论

If you begin writing a literary analysis with the introduction,

如果你从引言开始撰写文学分析

you may be discouraged.

你可能会感到挫折

Here's a tip for writing a great introduction:

告诉你一个把引言写好的好方法

Write it last,

最后再写它

and write your thesis first.

然后先写你的论点

Figure out what you want to analyze before you actually analyze it.

在你开始分析之前，写清楚你想要分析什么

Your thesis is the foundation for the rest of your essay,

你的论点是整份论文

including your introduction.

以及引言的基础

So how do you find your thesis?

那么要如何找出你的论点呢？

Start by asking questions.

可以以问问题开始

To Charles Dickens you may ask,

你可以问察尔斯．狄更斯

"why do you draw attention to characters' hands?"

为什么你将注意力放在角色的手上？

"What's up with their names?"

他们的名字为什么要这样取？

"Pumblechook? Really?"

潘波趣？不是开玩笑吧？

To narrow your concept for analysis, answer the questions yourself.

试着缩小你分析的概念，然后自己回答问题。

"Estella ridicules Pip's hands, Jaggers constantly washes his hands,

”艾斯提拉嘲笑皮普的手，贾各斯不断地洗他的手，

Pip insufferably burns his hands,

皮普痛苦难熬地烧伤了他的手

Mrs. Joe brings Pip up by hand."

乔伊太太一手把皮普带大。“

Are there patterns in your answers?

你的答案是否有一套模式？

"Estella's comments smack of cruelty,

“当贾各斯洗净他不道德的心时，

while Jaggers' cleanses his immoral conscience.

艾斯提拉的言论既尖酸又刻薄。

Pip finds a second chance,

当乔伊太太以爱与奉献之名虐待一个孩子时，

while Mrs. Joe abuses a child under the guise of love and dedication."

皮普发现了第二次机会。”

What can you analyze with this pattern?

你可以从这个模式中分析出什么？

"Hands symbolize social class inequities,

“手象征了社会阶层的不平等，

and through Dickens' criticism, he exposes the dire need for reform

经过狄更斯的评论，他显露出维多利亚时代的伦敦人

in Victorian London.

对重新改革的渴求。“

What you will do next, which is an entirely different lesson,

接下来你需要做的是全然不同的课题

is to draft and revise your analysis.

那就是设计与修正你的分析

Only after you write your analysis,

在你写下你的分析后

return to your introduction.

才能回到你的引言

Like authors earlier,

如同早期的作家

try to intrigue and inspire your reader.

试着去激发与激励读者的好奇心

Avoid starting with famous quotations,

避免以佳句名言

dictionary definitions

字词定义或夸张的问题

or rhetorical questions.

来作为文章起头

Consider the historical context of your topic,

试着想想主题的历史背景、趣闻轶事

or an anecdote or some larger idea or concept.

或是一些较宏观的见解或概念

Here's an example:

举例来说

"27 bones in the hand and wrist allow humans to concurrently create

”手部与腕部所涵盖的27根骨头 让人们得以同时创造与摧毁

and destroy. Thousands of hands have been behind history's astounding creations.

成千上百的手在历史上创造了令人惊奇的事物

Hands represent a powerful symbol,

在查尔斯．狄更斯的笔下

one that was not lost on Charles Dickens.

手意味着强大有力的象征

In Great Expectations, Dickens uses hands

在《远大前程》一书中，狄更斯以手来象征

to symbolize social class inequities,

社会阶层的不公平

and through his criticism, he exposes the dire need for social reform

经过他的评论，他显露出维多利亚时代的伦敦人

in Victorian London."

对重新改革的渴求。“

Take time crafting and revising your thesis and introduction.

花点时间制作、修订你的论文和引言

Remember, if you are bored while writing,

要记得，如果你在书写时觉得无趣

your reader will be bored while reading.

你的读者会将在阅读时感到无趣

By the way, did you notice the introduction to this lesson?

附带一提，你注意到这堂课的引言了吗？

It didn't start with "here's how to write a thesis and introduction."

我不是以"让我来告诉你如何写出好的引言"开始的

Would that have hooked you?

如果是的话，那还会吸引到你的目光吗?