Why haven’t we cured arthritis? - Kaitlyn Sadtler and Heather J. Faust

Translator: Madina Juarez Reviewer: Nazarbek Nazarov

While regaling you with daring stories from her youth,

Buvingiz sizni yoshligidagi jasurligi bilan lol qoldirsa ham,

it might be hard to believe your grandmother used to be a trapeze artist.

siz buvingiz trapez ustasi bo'lganiga ishonishingiz qiyin bo'lsa kerak.

However, the bad backs, elbow pain, and creaky knees so common in older people

Ammo bel va tirsakdagi og'rig', qariyalar orasida keng tarqalgan tizza qirsillashi

is more than just “old age."

shunchaki “qarilik” emas.

In fact, the source of this stiffness plagues many young people as well.

Aslida, bog'imdagi qotish holati ko'plab yoshlarni ham azoblantiradi.

The culprit is arthritis:

Sabachisi artrit.

a condition that causes inflammation and pain in the joints

Bu kasallik bo’g’imlarda yallig’lanish va og’riq keltiradi.

of over 90 million people in the U.S. alone.

AQShda 90 million kishilarda mavjud.

But are stiff, creaky joints really inevitable?

Ammo qotgan va qirsillaydigan bo'g'imlar muqarrar holatmi?

What makes arthritis so pervasive,

Nima sababdan artrit ko'p uchraydiga kasallik

and why haven’t we found a cure for this widespread condition?

va nima uchun haligacha bu keng tarqalgan kasallikga da'vo topmadik?

The first hurdle is that arthritis is actually a spectrum

Birinchi to'siq bu artritning

of over 100 different arthritic conditions.

yuzta turli hil holatlardan iboratligi.

All these conditions share symptoms of joint pain and inflammation,

Bu barcha holatlarda bo'gimda og'riq hamda yallig'lanish kuzatiladi.

but the origin and severity of those symptoms vary widely.

Ammo, bularni nima keltirishi hamda simptomlar avjligi farqlanadi.

Even the most common type, osteoarthritis,

Hattoki, eng tarqalgan turi osteoartritni

is trickier to prevent than one might think.

oldini olish biz oylagandek oson emas.

It’s a general misconception that arthritis is confined to old age.

Artrit aynan bir yosh guruhiga munosibligi notog'ri tushunchadir.

The origins of osteoarthritis can often be traced to a patient’s early life,

Osteoartrit sababi ko'pincha bemorning yoshligidagi

from any seemingly ordinary joint injury.

oddiy jarohat tufayli yuzaga kelgani aniqlanishi mumkin.

Following impact, immune cells rush in to help clean and repair the damaged site

Immunitet hujayralari tezda shikastlangan joyni tozalash va tiklashga yordam berib,

and begin pumping out enzymes,

fermentlarni ishlab chiqaradi.

including matrix metalloproteinases and aggrecanases.

Bu fermentlardan bir turlari bu matritca metalloproteinazlari va agrekanazlaridir.

These enzymes clear out the damaged tissue and contribute to inflammation.

Bular shikastlangan joydagi toqimalarni tozalaydi va yallig'lanishni qozg'atadi.

But while this rapid swelling helps protect the joint during recovery,

Tez shishish tizza bog'imining tiklanish vaqtida himoya qilsa ham,

inadequately healed tissue can cause these immune cells to overstay their welcome.

lekin toqimar to'liq bitmasa immunitet hujayralari vaqtdan ortiq qolib ketadi.

The continuing flood of enzymes starts to degrade the cartilage,

Fermentlar to'htamay ishlab chiqarilishi to'g'ayni yemiradi,

weakening the joint and leading to arthritis later on.

bo'g'imni kuchsizlantiradi, va artrit holatini yaratadi.

Not all forms of arthritis can simply be traced to an old sports injury.

Artritning barcha turlari o'tmishdagi sport shikasti tufayli emasdir.

Take rheumatoid arthritis, which affects 1.3 million U.S. adults.

AQShda 1, 3 million kishida uchraydigan romatoid artritini misol qilib olamiz.

This condition is actually an autoimmune disease

Bu kasallik aslida autoimmun kasalligidir,

in which autoantibodies target natively produced proteins,

autoantitanalar tabiiy holda ishlab chiqariladigan oqsillarga hujum qiladi.

some of which are secreted by cartilage cells.

Bu oqsillardan bir turini bog'im tog'ayi ishlab chiqaradi.

We still don’t know what causes this behavior,

Bunga sababchi nima ekanligi hali ham no'malum.

but the result is that the body treats joint tissue like a foreign invader.

Ammo, hulosa shuki organizm bog'im toqimasini horijiy bosqinchi deb ko'radi.

Immune cells infiltrate the joint despite there being no tissue damage to repair.

Immunitet hujayralari toqimani sozlashga hojat bo'lmasa ham bostirib kiradi.

This response leads to chronic inflammation,

Bu reaktciya surunkali yallig'lanishga olib borib,

which destroys bone and cartilage.

suyak va to'g'ayni yemiradi.

Yet another condition, spondyloarthritis,

Yana bitta kassalik turi, spondiloartrit,

has similarities to both of the conditions we’ve covered.

bu paytgacha etib otilgan kasalliklarga o'hshash joylari bor.

Patients experience continuous inflammation in the joints

Bemorlar bog'imlarida doimiy yallig'lanish kuzatiladi,

and at the sites where ligaments and tendons attach to bones,

Bu holat pay va chandirlar suyakka qoshiladigan, hattoki avval

even without any initial injury.

shikast yetqazilmagan joylarda ham kuzatiladi.

This leads to the flood of enzymes and degradation seen in osteoarthritis,

Fermentlar toshib kelib, osteoartritdagi yemirilish holatiga oboradi.

but is driven by different inflammatory proteins called cytokines.

Ammo, buni sababchisi sitokin oqsillari bo'ladi.

As the enzymes eat away at cartilage,

Fermentlar to'g'ayni yemirgani sari,

the body attempts to stabilize smaller joints by fusing them together.

organizm kichik bo'g'imlarni qo'shib ularni barqarorlashtirishga urinadi.

This process sometimes leads to outgrowths called bone spurs,

Bu jarayon paytida ba'zan suyak shporalari deb ataladigan o'simtalar paydo bo'ladi,

which also cause intense stiffness and joint pain.

bu o'simtalar kuchli bo'g'im og'rig'i va zichlanishiga sabab bo'ladi.

With so many factors causing arthritis,

Artrit kasalligini keltiradigan omillar ko'p.

our current treatments are tailored to tackle specific symptoms

Shu bois hozirda faqat alomatlarni da'volash usullari qollanadi,

rather than underlying causes.

kasallik sababchilarini emas.

These range from promising MACI techniques,

Bu usullarning biri МАТХ metodi bo'lib,

which harvest cells from small pieces of cartilage to grow replacement tissue.

to'g'ayning bo'laklaridan hujayralar to'planib, ulardan yangi toqima yasaladi.

To a technique called microfracture,

Boshqa bitta usul bu mikrofraktura.

where surgeons create small holes in the bone,

Hirurglar kickik teshiklar yaratib, ular orqali

allowing bone marrow stem cells to leak out and form new cartilage.

suyak iligidan ildiz hujayralari oqib chiqib yangi to'g'ay yaratadi.

As a last resort,

Eng ohorgi chora

people with withered cartilage can even undergo full joint replacements.

to'g'ayi butunlay yemirilgan bemorning toliq bo'g'imini almashtiriluvi.

But outside these drastic measures,

Ammo bu kabi keskin choralar bo'lsa ham

the underlying drivers of autoimmune arthritis

autoimmun artritni yaratuvchi sabablarini

still present a unique treatment challenge.

da'volash hali ham mushkul masaladir.

Scientists are making progress with therapies that block TNF-alpha,

Olimlar NOF-alfa oqsil terapiya usullarini qollab oldinga ketayaptilar.

one of the primary proteins causing inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis.

Bu oqsil romatid artrit yallig'lanishing asosiy sababchilaridar biridir.

But even this approach only treats the symptoms of the condition, not the cause.

Ammo, bu usul ham kasallik sababini emas, kasallik alomatlarini da'volaydi holos.

In the meantime, some of our best defenses against arthritis are lifestyle choices:

Bu orada esa, artrit oldini olishning eng yanhshi himoyasi bu hayot tarzidir, misol

maintaining a healthy weight to take pressure off joints,

sog'lom vazn ushlash, bu bo'g'imlarga bosimni tushiradi, yoki

low-impact exercises like yoga or cycling, and avoiding smoking.

yoga va velosiped minish kabi oson mashq'ulotlar bajarish, va chekmaslik.

These arthritis-fighting behaviors can help us lead longer lives

Bu kabi artrit oldini oladigan faoliyatlar uzoq umr kechirishimizga yordam beradi.

as we continue to research cures and treatments

Bizlar turli hil artrit kasalliklarini da'volash yollarini

for the huge diversity of arthritic conditions.

tadqiqot yoli bilan izlashni davom etamiz.