Illuminating photography: From camera obscura to camera phone - Eva Timothy

Rasvetljavanje fotografije: Od camera obscure do fotoaparata na telefonu - Iv Timoti (Eva Timothy)

Transcriber: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar

Prevodilac: Jelena Jaranović Lektor: Tatjana Jevdjic

Let me guess,

Da pogađam,

you've got Facebook albums full of photos.

imate Fejsbuk albume pune fotografija?

You have photos on your computer desktop,

Imate fotke na svom računaru,

on your mobile phone,

na telefonu,

on your bedroom wall.

na zidu svoje spavaće sobe.

You see photos in magazines and newspapers,

Vidite fotografije u časopisima i novinama,

on the side of buses,

po autobusima,

and of course, in your family albums.

i naravno, u prodičnim albumima.

We take photos for granted in a major way.

Najčešće, uzimamo fotke zdravo za gotovo.

But, creating a picture

Ali, stvoriti sliku

that looked exactly like the person or thing

koja izgleda isto kao osoba ili stvar koju fotografišete

that you were photographing wasn't always obvious.

nije uvek bilo tako lako.

In fact, in the past, it was a big mystery.

Zapravo, u prošlosti, to je bila velika misterija.

How could you, in essence,

Kako zapravo možete

take your reflection in the mirror

uzeti vaš odraz u ogledalu

and freeze it in there?

i zamrznuti ga tamo?

In the 9th century,

U 9. veku

the Arab scientist Alhazen

arapski naučnik Alhazen

had come up with the idea

je došao na zamisao

of using the camera obscura,

da koristi "camera obscura",

which was literally a dark room, or box,

što je u bukvalnom prevodu mračna komora ili kutija,

with a single, small hole in one side that let light through.

sa jednom malom rupom sa jedne strane koja je propuštala svetlo unutra.

This would project the image outside into the wall inside.

Tako je mogao da projektuje slike spolja na zid unutar kutije.

During the Renaissance,

Tokom renesanse,

artists like Leonardo DaVinci used this method

umetnici poput Leonarda da Vinčija su koristili ovaj metod

to introduce 3-D scenes onto a flat plane

da proizvedu 3D scene na ravnoj površini

so that they could copy things,

kako bi lakše mogli da kopiraju stvari

like perspective, more easily.

poput perspektive.

In 1724, Johann Heinrich Schultz discovered

1724. Johan Hejnrih Šulc je otkrio

that exposing certain silver compounds to light

da izlaganje određenih jedinjenja srebra svetlosti

altered their appearance

menja njihov izgled

and left marks wherever the light touched.

i ostavlja tragove na delovima koji su bili obasjani.

Essentially, Schultz found a way to record the images

Suštinski, Šulc je našao način da zabeleži sliku

that Alhazen was able to project,

koju je Alhazen mogao da projektuje,

but only for a little while.

ali samo na kratko.

Schultz's images disappeared soon after he had made them.

Šulcove slike nestajale su brzo pošto bi ih stvorio.

It wasn't until 1839 that people figured out

Tek 1839. ljudi su shvatili

how to project images onto light-sensitive surfaces

kako da projektuju slike na površine osetljive na svetlost

that would retain the image after exposure,

koje bi sačuvale sliku i nakon osvetljavanja

and thus, photography was born.

i tako je fotografija rođena.

At that point, it was mostly two inventors

Tada su postojala dva pronalača

who fought for the best way to make photos.

koja su se borila za najbolji način za pravljenje fotografija.

One was British scientist Henry Fox Talbot,

Jedan je bio britanski naučnik Henri Foks Talbot,

whose calotype process used paper

koji je koristio papir premazan srebro hloridom

and allowed many copies to be made

koji je omogućavao pravljenje mnogo kopija

from a single negative.

od jednog negativa.

The other inventor, Louis Daguerre,

Drugi pronalazač, Luj Dager,

was an artist and chemist in France.

bio je francuski umetnik i hemičar.

He developed something called a daguerreotype,

Otkrio je proces nazvan dagerotipija,

which used a silvered plate

tokom kog je koristio srebrnu ploču

and which produced a sharper image.

koja je stvarala oštriju sliku.

But the daguerreotype could only make positive images

Ali dagerotipijom su mogli nastati samo pozitivi

so copies had to be made by taking another photo.

tako da je sledeća kopija nastajala ponovnim slikanjem.

In the end, the daguerreotype won out

Na kraju, dagerotipija je pobedila

as the first commercially successful photographic process

kao prvi komercijalno uspešan fotografski proces,

mostly because the government made it freely available to the public.

uglavnom zbog toga što ga je država učinila besplatnim za javnost.

So now that photography was available,

I, sada kada je fotografija bila dostupna

getting a picture of yourself would be a snap, right?

bilo je lako slikati se, zar ne?

Well, not exactly!

Pa, ne baš!

This process still required a whole dark room

Proces je i dalje zahtevao celu mračnu komoru

at the location of the photograph,

koja je blizu mesta fotografisanja,

which was a big hassle.

što je bilo prilično nezgodno.

Picture the early photographers lugging

Zamislite prve fotografe kako vuku

enormous trailers with all their equipment

ogromne prikolice sa gomilom opreme

wherever they wanted to take a picture.

kada god su želeli da nešto slikaju.

Not only that, but the early processes

Pored toga, u početku je ekspozicija

had extremely long exposure times.

bila izuzetno duga.

To get a good photo, you would have to stand perfectly still

Da biste napravili dobru fotografiju, morali biste da stojite savršeno mirno

for up to two minutes!

i do 2 minuta!

This led to development of inventions like

Ovo je dovelo do izuma

the head holder,

poput držača za glavu.

a wire frame that would hide behind you

To je bio žičani okvir koji bi bio skriven iza vas

while supporting your head.

i pridržavao vam glavu.

It's also why you don't see people smiling

To je razlog zbog koga se ljudi ne smeju

in early photographs.

na prvim fotografijama.

It's not that life was that bad,

Nije da je život bio toliko loš,

it was just hard to keep a steady grin

već je bilo strašno teško održati miran osmeh

for more than a few seconds,

duže od nekoliko sekundi,

so people opted for a straight-faced look.

pa su ljudi uglavnom birali ozbiljno lice.

And then George Eastman came along.

Onda se pojavio Džordž Istmen.

Eastman believed that everyone

Istmen je verovao da svako

should have access to photography,

treba da ima pristup fotografiji

and he spent many late nights

i proveo je mnogo noći

mixing chemicals in his mother's kitchen

mešajući hemikalije u kuhinji svoje majke

to try to achieve a dry plate photographic process.

pokušavajući da napravi fotografije pomoću "suvih ploča".

This would allow exposed negatives

Ovo bi omogućilo osvetljenim negativima

to be stored and developed later

da budu uskladišteni i razvijeni kasnije

at a more convenient place

na podesnijem mestu,

instead of carting those dark rooms,

umesto u mračnim komorama koje su vukli,

necessary for wet plates, around.

a koje su neophodne za razvijanje vlažnih ploča.

After starting a business,

Pošto je započeo posao

which initially made dry plates,

koji je stvorio suve ploče,

Eastman eventually discovered plastic roll film

Istmen je otkrio plastični rol film

that would fit in hand-held, inexpensive cameras.

koji bi stajao u ručne, jeftine fotoaparate.

These cameras sold by the millions under the tag line,

Ovi fotoaparati su prodati u milionskom broju pod sloganom:

"You push the button,

"Vi pritisnete dugme,

we do the rest."

mi uradimo ostalo."

While Eastman was largely responsible

Iako je Istmen učinio

for making photography a universal pastime,

da fotografija postane uobičajena zabava,

even he could not have dreamed of the ways

čak ni on nije mogao da zamisli

photography had since shaped the world.

koliko je fotografija oblikovala svet, počev od tada.

It's now estimated that over 380 billion photographs

Procenjuje se da se oko 380 milijardi fotografija

are taken each year.

napravi svake godine.

That's more photographs each day

To je više fotografija u svakom danu

than were taken in the first hundred years

nego što je ukupno napravljeno u prvih 100 godina

after photography was invented.

od pronalaska fotografije!

Say cheese!

Ptičica!