Ideasthesia: How do ideas feel? - Danko Nikolić

Ideastezija: Kako osećamo ideje? - Danko Nikolić

303,297 views ・ 2014-11-06

TED-Ed


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Anja Saric Lektor: Mile Živković
00:07
Long before Descartes famously declared, "I think, therefore I am,"
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Dugo pre nego što je Dekart slavno izjavio "Mislim, dakle postojim,"
00:11
and long after that,
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i još dugo posle toga,
00:13
scientists and philosophers alike
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slični naučnici i filozofi
00:15
have puzzled over what they call the mind-body problem.
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uporno pokušavaju da odgonetnu zagonetku um-telo.
00:19
Is the mind some separate, non-material entity piloting a machine of flesh?
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Da li je um neki zaseban, nematerijalni entitet koji upravlja mašinom od mesa?
00:23
Or if it's just a particularly elusive part of our physical body,
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Ili je samo naročito nedostižan deo našeg fizičkog tela,
00:27
how can it translate the input of our animal senses
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kako može da prevede ulazne jedinice naših životinjskih čula
00:30
into the seemingly non-physical experiences that we call thoughts?
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u neka naizgled nefizička iskustva koja nazivamo mislima?
00:34
But though the answers have been debated endlessly,
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Ali iako su odgovori predmet beskrajne debate,
00:37
new research suggests that part of the problem lies
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novija istraživanja navode da deo problema leži u tome
00:39
in how we pose the question in the first place,
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kako formulišemo pitanja na prvom mestu,
00:42
assuming a distinction between our sensory perception and our ideas
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pretpostavljajući razliku između čulne percepcije i ideja
00:46
that may not really be there.
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koja možda i ne postoji.
00:48
The traditional model of our mental function
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Tradicionalni model naše mentalne funkcije
00:51
has been that the senses provide separate data to our brain
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kaže da čula obezbeđuju zasebne podatke našem mozgu
00:54
which are then translated into the appropriate mental phenomena:
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koji se onda prevode u prikladne mentalne fenomene:
00:58
visual images into trees, auditory experiences into bird songs, and so on.
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vizualne slike u drveće, audio doživljaje u pesmu ptica, i tako dalje.
01:04
But occasionally, we have come across people
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Ali povremeno, srećemo ljude
01:06
whose senses seem to mingle together, allowing them to hear colors,
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čija se čula međusobno mešaju, omogućavajući im da čuju boje,
01:10
or taste sounds.
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ili da osete ukus zvuka.
01:12
Until recently, the common understanding was that this phenomenon,
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Do skoro, opšte poimanje ovog fenomena
01:15
called synesthesia,
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zvanog sinestezija,
01:17
was a direct connection between the parts of the brain
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bilo je da postoji direktna veza između delova mozga
01:19
responsible for sensory stimuli such as
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odgovornih za čulne podsticaje kao što je
01:22
seeing the color yellow immediately upon hearing the tone of b flat.
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sposobnost da se vidi žuta boja nakon što se čuje ravan b ton.
01:26
But newer studies have shown that synesthesia
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Ali novije studije su pokazale da se sinestezija
01:29
is actually mediated through our understanding
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u stvari događa posredstvom našeg razumevanja
01:31
of the shapes, colors and sounds that our senses apprehend.
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oblika, boja i zvukova koje naša čula shvataju.
01:36
In order for the cross-sensory experiences to occur,
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Kako bi se ovi doživljaji ukrštenih čula dogodili,
01:39
the higher level ideas and concepts that our minds associate
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ideje i koncepti viših nivoa koje naš um povezuje
01:43
with the sensory input must be activated.
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sa čulnim ulaznim jedinicama moraju biti aktivirani.
01:46
For example, this shape can be seen as either the letter "s" or the number "5,"
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Na primer, ovaj oblik može se protumačiti ili kao slovo "s" ili broj "5",
01:50
and synesthetes associate each with different colors or sounds
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i sinestete povezuju svaki od njih sa različitim bojama ili zvukovima
01:54
based on how they interpret it
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na osnovu toga kako ih interpretiraju
01:56
despite the purely visual stimulus remaining identical.
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bez obzira na to što vizuelni nadražaj ostaje identičan.
02:00
In another study, synesthetes created novel color associations
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U drugoj studiji, sinesteti su stvorili nove asocijacije sa bojama
02:04
for unfamiliar letters after learning what the letters were.
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za nepoznata slova, nakon što su saznali šta slova predstavljaju.
02:08
So because it relies on a connection between ideas and senses,
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Tako da, iz razloga što se zasniva na vezi između ideja i čula,
02:12
this mental phenomenon underlying synesthesia
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ova mentalna pojava koja je osnova sinestezije
02:15
is known as ideasthesia.
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poznata je kao ideastezija.
02:18
Synesthesia only occurs in some people,
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Sinestezija se dešava samo kod nekih ljudi,
02:20
although it may be more common than previously thought.
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iako bi mogla biti češća nego što se ranije verovalo.
02:23
But ideasthesia itself is a fundamental part of our lives.
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Ali sama ideastezija je ključni deo naših života.
02:26
Virtually all of us recognize the color red as warm and blue as cold.
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Skoro svi mi povezujemo crvenu boju sa toplotom, a plavu sa hladnoćom.
02:32
Many would agree that bright colors, italic letters and thin lines
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Mnogi bi se složili da su svetle boje, slova u kurzivu, i tanke linije
02:35
are high-pitched,
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visokog tona,
02:37
while earth tones are low-pitched.
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dok su zemljane nijanse niskog tona.
02:39
And while many of these associations are acquired through cultural exposure,
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I dok su mnoge od ovih asocijacija usvojene kroz izloženost kulturi,
02:43
others have been demonstrated even in infants and apes,
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neke su pronađene kod novorođenčadi i majmuna,
02:47
suggesting that at least some associations are inborn.
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odakle sledi da se bar sa nekim od ovih asocijacija rađamo.
02:51
When asked to choose between two possible names for these shapes,
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Kada su upitani da izaberu između dva moguća imena za ova dva oblika,
02:54
people from entirely different cultural and language backgrounds
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ljudi iz potpuno drugačijih kulturoloških i jezičkih pozadina,
02:57
overwhelmingly agree that "kiki" is the spiky star,
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u većini slučajeva složili su se da je "kiki" šiljata zvezda,
03:00
while "bouba" is the rounded blob,
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dok je "buba" okrugla grudvica,
03:03
both because of the sounds themselves and the shapes our mouths make
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oba zbog samih zvukova, i oblika naših usana
03:06
to produce them.
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dok ih izgovaramo.
03:08
And this leads to even more associations
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I ovo dovodi do još više asocijacija
03:09
within a rich semantic network.
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unutar bogate semantičke mreže.
03:12
Kiki is described as nervous and clever,
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Kiki je opisan kao nervozan i pametan,
03:14
while bouba is perceived as lazy and slow.
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dok je buba doživljavan kao lenj i spor.
03:17
What all of this suggests is that our everyday experiences
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Sve ovo ukazuje na to da naša svakodnevna iskustva
03:20
of colors, sounds and other stimuli do not live on separate sensory islands
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boja, zvukova i drugih nadražaja ne stanuju na odvojenim čulnim ostrvima
03:25
but are organized in a network of associations
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već da su organizovana u mreže asocijacija
03:28
similar to our language network.
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slične mreži jezika.
03:30
This is what enables us to understand metaphors
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To nam omogućava da razumemo metafore
03:33
even though they make no logical sense,
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iako one nemaju logičkog smisla,
03:35
such as the comparison of snow to a white blanket,
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kao što je poređenje snega sa belim pokrivačem,
03:38
based on the shared sensations of softness and lightness.
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na osnovu zajedničkog osećaja mekoće i lakoće.
03:41
Ideasthesia may even be crucial to art,
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Ideastezija je možda presudna za umetnost,
03:44
which relies on a synthesis of the conceptual and the emotional.
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koja se zasniva na sintezi konceptulanog i emocionalnog.
03:48
In great art, idea and aesthesia enhance each other,
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Kod velike umetnosti, ideja i osećaj međusobno se upotpunjuju,
03:52
whether it's song lyrics combining perfectly with a melody,
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bilo da li se tekst pesme savršeno uklapa sa melodijom,
03:54
the thematic content of a painting
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tematski sadržaj slike
03:56
heightened by its use of colors and brushstrokes,
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pojačan korišćenjem boja i pokreta četkice,
03:59
or the well constructed plot of a novel
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ili dobro osmišljen zaplet romana
04:01
conveyed through perfectly crafted sentences.
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prenesen perfektno izrađenim rečenicama.
04:03
Most importantly, the network of associations formed by ideasethesia
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Najvažnije, mreža asocijacija formirana ideastezijom
04:07
may not only be similar to our linguistic network
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možda nije samo slična našoj jezičkoj mreži
04:10
but may, in fact, be an integral part of it.
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već, u stvari, može biti njen sastavni deo.
04:13
Rather than the traditional view,
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Pre nego tradicionalni pogled,
04:15
where our senses first capture a collection of colors and shapes,
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gde naša čula prvo opažaju niz boja i oblika,
04:18
or some vibrations in the air,
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ili neke vibracije u vazduhu,
04:19
and our mind then classifies them as a tree or a siren,
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i naš um ih onda klasifikuje kao drvo ili sirenu,
04:22
ideasthesia suggests that the two processes occur simultaneously.
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ideastezija sugeriše da se ova dva procesa dešavaju simultano.
04:27
Our sensory perceptions are shaped by our conceptual understanding of the world.
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Naša čulna percepcija oblikovana je našim konceptualnim razumevanjem sveta.
04:32
and the two are so connected that one cannot exist without the other.
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I tako su povezani da jedan ne može da postoji bez drugog.
04:36
If this model suggested by ideasthesia is accurate,
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Ako je ovaj model koji ideastezija predlaže tačan,
04:39
it may have major implications for some of the biggest
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može imati značajne implikacije na neke od najvećih
04:42
scientific and philosophical issues surrounding the study of mind.
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naučnih i filozofskih pitanja u vezi sa naukom o umu.
04:46
Without a preexisting concept of self,
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Bez već postojećeg koncepta sebe,
04:48
Descartes would not have had an "I" to attribute the thinking to.
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Dekart ne bi imao "ja" kojem bi pripisao mišljenje.
04:52
And without a preexisting network of interrelated and distinct concepts,
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I bez već postojeće mreže međusobno povezanih i različitih koncepata,
04:56
our sensory experience of the world would be an undifferentiated mass
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naša čulna iskustva sveta bila bi nediferencirana masa
05:00
rather than the discrete objects we actually apprehend.
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pre nego izolovani objekti koje zapravo razumemo.
05:04
For science, the task is to find where this network lies,
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Za nauku, zadatak je pronaći gde se ova mreža nalazi,
05:08
how it is formed, and how it interacts with external stimuli.
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kako se formira i kako međusobno deluje sa eksternim nadražajima.
05:11
For philosophy, the challenge is to rethink
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Za filozofiju, izazov je promisliti
05:14
what this new model of consciousness means for our understanding of our selves
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šta ovaj novi model svesti znači za naše razumevanje sebe
05:18
and our relation to the world around us.
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i naše veze sa svetom koji nas okružuje.
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