The science of macaroni salad: What's in a molecule? - Josh Kurz

Prevodilac: Mile Živković Lektor: Anja Saric

We already know that the world is made of things,

Već znamo da se svet sastoji od stvari,

things like cats

stvari poput mačaka

and macaroni salad,

i salate od makarona,

and macaroni salad is made of things

a salata od makarona se sastoji od stvari

like mayo

poput majoneza

and mustard

i senfa

and celery,

which are all made of molecules.

i celera,

koji se sastoje iz molekula.

As we'll see, these molecules

Kao što ćemo videti, ovi molekuli

are made of the same stuff,

su sačinjeni od istih stvari,

just mixed together in different ways.

koje su samo pomešane na različite načine.

Let's go back to our macaroni salad.

Vratimo se na našu salatu od makarona.

We've already unmixed things physically

Već smo fizički razmešali stvari

as much as we can.

koliko god možemo.

Now, we'll go further and unmix things chemically

Sad ćemo otići dalje i stvari razmešati hemijski

by breaking some bonds.

tako što ćemo prekinuti neke veze.

Many larger, complex molecules

Mnogi veći, kompleksniji molekuli

are just a bunch of smaller molecules bonded together

su samo gomila manjih molekula koji su povezani

like building blocks.

poput gradivnog materijala.

Here, again, macaroni salad provides a nice example.

Salata od makarona ovde opet pruža dobar primer.

If you look at the pasta,

Ako pogledate testo,

you'll notice it's made of a lot of this stuff,

primetićete da se sastoji iz dosta ovoga,

starch,

skroba,

which is this molecule,

koji je ovaj molekul,

otherwise known as amylose.

inače poznat kao amiloza.

Turns out, if you break some bonds,

Ispostavlja se da ako prekinete neke veze,

amylose is made up of smaller molecules

amiloza se sastoji iz manjih molekula

of glucose, a simple sugar.

glukoze, prostijeg šećera.

If you take a bunch of these same glucose molecules

Ako uzmete gomilu ovih istih manjih molekula glukoze

and rearrange them in a different way,

i preuredite ih na drugačiji način,

you get cellulose,

dobijate celulozu,

which is what plants are made of.

koja je glavni sastojak biljaka.

So, while this piece of pasta made of amylose

Iako ovaj komad testenine napravljen od amiloze

and this wooden spoon made of cellulose

i ova drvena kašika napravljena od celuloze

look vastly different,

izgledaju veoma drugačije,

they're both essentially made of the same molecules,

oboje su zapravo sačinjeni od istih molekula

just stuck together differently.

koji su samo drugačije spojeni.

This type of breaking apart and recombining

Ova vrsta rasturanja i ponovnog spajanja

is what goes on when you digest food.

se događa kada varite hranu.

The complex proteins found in the foods we eat,

Kompleksni proteini iz hrane koju jedemo,

like carrots and eggs,

poput šargarepa i jaja,

can't be used by our bodies

ne mogu da se koriste u našim telima

because we are not carrots or chickens.

jer mi nismo šargarepe ili pilići.

What we can use are the smaller molecules

Mi možemo da iskoristimo manje molekule

that make up these proteins,

koji čine ove proteine,

the amino acids.

aminokiseline.

During digestion, our bodies break these proteins up

Tokom varenja, naša tela razbijaju ove proteine

into their amino acids

u aminokiseline

so they can be rearranged and put back together

tako da se mogu prerasporediti

to make human proteins.

i ponovo spojiti u ljudske proteine.

But let's keep breaking bonds.

Ali hajde da dalje prekidamo veze.

All molecules are made up of atoms bonded together.

Svi molekuli se sastoje iz atoma koji su međusobno vezani.

If some molecules are building blocks,

Ako su neki molekuli gradivni materijali,

atoms are the building blocks

atomi su gradivni materijali

of the building blocks.

koji čine gradivne materijale.

And you'll notice that with the molecules

Kod molekula sa salatom od makarona

from macaroni salad,

primetićete da se stalno

the same six types of atoms keep showing up:

pojavljuje šest istih tipova atoma:

carbon,

ugljenik,

hydrogen,

vodonik,

oxygen,

nitrogen,

kiseonik,

azot,

phosphorus,

fosfor

and sulfur,

i sumpor

or CHONPS.

iliti CHONPS.

There's a few others,

Ima i nekoliko drugih,

but the big six is what macaroni salad is made of.

ali salata od makarona se sastoji od velikih šest.

If we went a step further,

Kada bismo otišli korak dalje,

we could use these same atoms,

mogli bismo da iskoristimo iste atome,

recombine them,

prekombinujemo ih

and make other stuff

i napravimo druge stvari

like gasoline

poput benzina

or sulfuric acid,

ili sumporne kiseline,

methane,

metana

and nylon.

i najlona.

It's all made from the same elements

Sve ovo je napravljeno iz istih elemenata

that make up macaroni salad.

koji čine salatu od makarona.

So, to recap,

Da zaključimo,

everything is made of atoms.

sve se sastoji od atoma.

They are the stuff that things are made of.

Oni su ono od čega se sastoje stvari.

Atoms are grouped together in different ways

Atomi su grupisani na razne načine

to form molecules.

da se dobiju molekuli.

These molecules are constantly being combined,

Ovi molekuli se stalno kombinuju,

broken apart,

rastavljaju

and recombined.

i prekombinuju.

They get thrown into mixtures,

Ubacuju se u mešavine,

separated,

dele se,

remixed

ponovo mešaju,

over and over and over again.

iznova i iznova i iznova.

The stuff that things are made of

Stvari od kojih su napravljene stvari

is always in flux;

uvek se kreću -

it's always changing.

uvek se menjaju.

Macaroni salad is only macaroni salad for a short time.

Salata od makarona je salata od makrona samo nakratko.

You eat it,

Pojedete je,

some of it becomes part of you,

jedan deo nje postane deo vas,

the rest eventually goes into the ocean

ostatak na kraju ode u okean

and gets eaten by other animals that die,

i pojedu ga druge životinje koje umiru,

and after millions of years, they turn into oil,

i nakon miliona godina, pretvaraju se u naftu,

which is where gasoline comes from.

odakle potiče benzin.

And that's why gasoline and macaroni salad

Zato benzin i salata od makarona

are not that different -

i nisu tako različiti -

they're both made of the same stuff,

oboje čine iste stvari,

just one tastes better.

samo što je jedno od njih ukusnije.