How pigeons took over the world - Elizabeth Carlen and Joanna Moles

612,698 views ・ 2022-03-15

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Park Erica κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:06
It’s the morning of June 12th, 1944
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1944λ…„ 6μ›” 12일 μ•„μΉ¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:09
and a pigeon named Paddy is making an epic 368 kilometer journey.
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νŒ¨λ””λΌλŠ” λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ°κ°€ 368kmλ‚˜ λ˜λŠ” κΈ΄ 거리λ₯Ό λ‚ κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:13
He manages to dodge Nazi falcons then beats on through stormy weather,
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νŒ¨λ””λŠ” λ‚˜μΉ˜μ˜ 맀 μ „νˆ¬κΈ°λ₯Ό ν”Όν•˜κ³  ν­ν’μš° μΉ˜λŠ” 날씨와 μ‹Έμ›Œκ°€λ©°
00:18
flying an average of 79 kilometers per hour for almost five hours straight.
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평균 μ‹œμ† 79km둜 거의 5μ‹œκ°„ μ—°μ†μœΌλ‘œ λ‚ μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
Paddy’s carrying the first news of the D-Day invasion back to England.
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νŒ¨λ””λŠ” 곡격 κ°œμ‹œμΌμ˜ μ²«μ†Œμ‹μ„ 영ꡭ으둜 μ „ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:27
He wins a medal for gallantry for this accomplishment.
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이 λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ°λŠ” 이 곡둜둜 무곡 ν›ˆμž₯κΉŒμ§€ λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:31
Paddy was one of around 250,000 pigeons
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νŒ¨λ””λŠ” 2μ°¨ μ„Έκ³„λŒ€μ „ λ™μ•ˆ
00:35
used by the British during World War II to speedily transport secret messages.
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λΉ„λ°€ 정보λ₯Ό λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ μ „λ‹¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
μ˜κ΅­μ—μ„œ ν‚€μš°λ˜ λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ° 25만 마리 쀑 ν•œ λ§ˆλ¦¬μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:40
In fact, pigeon delivery systems are ancient human practices.
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사싀, λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ° 전달 μ²΄κ³„λŠ” κ³ λŒ€λΆ€ν„° μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:45
Seeing their meat as a protein source
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λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ° κ³ κΈ°λŠ” λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ›μœΌλ‘œ,
00:47
and their nitrogen-rich poop as the perfect fertilizer,
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μ§ˆμ†Œκ°€ ν’λΆ€ν•œ λ˜₯은 ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ κ±°λ¦„μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
00:50
humans brought pigeons into captivity as far back as 10,000 years ago.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 10,000λ…„ μ „λΆ€ν„° λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ°λ₯Ό μž‘μ•„ κΈ°λ₯΄κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
We then tapped into other traits.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹€κ°€ λ‹€λ₯Έ νŠΉμ„±λ„ μ•Œκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
00:58
Pigeons are naturally speedy and possess a powerful homing instinct
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λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ°λŠ” 본래 λΉ λ₯΄κ³  κ·€μ†Œ λ³ΈλŠ₯이 κ°•ν•΄
01:02
that drives them to navigate long distances
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λ¨Ό κ±°λ¦¬μ—μ„œλ„ β€˜μ§‘β€™μœΌλ‘œ μ—¬κΈ°λŠ” 곳을 μ°Ύμ•„
01:04
back to the location they consider β€œhome.”
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λŒμ•„μ˜¬ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
So we began developing pigeon posts and breeding and training them for racing.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ°λ‘œ 전보λ₯Ό 보내고 κ΅λ°°ν•˜κ³  ν›ˆλ ¨ν•΄μ„œ 경주도 ν–ˆμ£ .
01:12
In a hobby called β€œpigeon fancying,”
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β€˜λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ° μ‚¬μœ‘(νŒ¬μ‹±)’은 λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ°λ₯Ό κΈ°λ₯΄λŠ” 취미인데
01:14
people selected for traits like head plumage
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 멋진 λ¨Έλ¦¬κΉƒμ΄λ‚˜ 깃털이 ν’μ„±ν•œ 발 같은 νŠΉμ„±μ„ 선택해
01:16
and fabulously feathered feet.
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λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ°λ₯Ό λ²ˆμ‹μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:19
As we carried pigeons around the world, they escaped or were released,
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세계 곳곳으둜 λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ°λ₯Ό λ°λ €κ°€λ©΄μ„œ 일뢀가 νƒˆμΆœν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ λ°©μƒλ˜μ—ˆκ³ ,
01:23
forming the wild urban flocks we're familiar with today.
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μ΅μˆ™ν•œ 도심 λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ° λ–Όκ°€ μƒκ²¨λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:27
Pigeons are now one of the most abundant, widespread species on the planet,
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λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ°λŠ” 이제 μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ ν”ν•˜κ³  널리 퍼진 μ’…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:31
managing to thrive in chaotic cities.
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λ³΅μž‘ν•œ λ„μ‹œμ—μ„œλ„ μ‚΄μ•„λ‚¨μ•˜μ£ .
01:33
They owe their success to an ideal combination of traits,
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λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ°λŠ” 이상적인 μ—¬λŸ¬ νŠΉμ„± 덕에 잘 적응할 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
including some that were accentuated by humans.
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인간이 ꡐ배둜 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚Έ νŠΉμ„±λ„ ν¬ν•¨ν•΄μ„œμš”.
01:40
Unlike birds that nest on the ground or in trees,
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λ•…μ΄λ‚˜ λ‚˜λ¬΄μ— λ‘₯지λ₯Ό μ§“λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‘°λ₯˜μ™€λŠ” 달리
01:43
pigeons were originally cliff-dwellers.
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λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ°λ“€μ€ μ›λž˜λΆ€ν„° μ ˆλ²½μ— μ„œμ‹ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
City buildings mimic their natural habitat.
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λ„μ‹œ λΉŒλ”©μ€ λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ°μ˜ μžμ—° μ„œμ‹μ§€μ™€ λΉ„μŠ·ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
And pigeons set a notoriously low bar when it comes to homemaking.
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λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ°λŠ” λ‘₯지λ₯Ό 지을 λ•Œ κΉŒλ‹€λ‘­μ§€ μ•Šμ€ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œλ„ 유λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
Add some sticks to any window ledge or highway overpass
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아무 μ°½λ¬Έ ν„±μ΄λ‚˜ κ³ κ°€ λ„λ‘œ μ•„λž˜μ— λ‚˜λ­‡κ°€μ§€λ§Œ μ’€ λ¬Όμ–΄λ‚˜λ₯΄λ©΄
01:57
and it's a great spot to raise babies.
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μƒˆλΌλ“€μ„ ν‚€μšΈ ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ λ‘₯지가 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:59
This unfussiness allows them to live in environments
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이런 κΉŒλ‹€λ‘­μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 성격 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
02:02
where more specialized species can’t.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ˜ˆλ―Όν•œ 쒅은 μ‚΄ 수 μ—†λŠ” ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œλ„ μ‚΄ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
As generalists, pigeons take advantage of urban food waste.
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λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ°λŠ” μž‘μ‹μ„± 동물이라 λ„μ‹œμ˜ μŒμ‹ μ“°λ ˆκΈ°λ„ λ¨ΉμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
With an organ in their throats called a crop,
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λͺ©μ— μžˆλŠ” μ†Œλ‚­μ΄λΌλŠ” κΈ°κ΄€μœΌλ‘œ
02:12
they can gorge themselves when food is available and store some for later.
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μŒμ‹μ΄ μžˆμ„ λ•Œ μž”λœ© λ¨Ήκ³ μ„œ λ‚˜μ€‘μ„ μœ„ν•΄ λ³΄κ΄€ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
They provide β€œcrop milk” to their young instead of having to fetch them live food.
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μƒˆλΌμ—κ²ŒλŠ” μ‚΄μ•„μžˆλŠ” 먹이 λŒ€μ‹  β€˜λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ° 젖’을 λ¨Ήμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:22
Chicks grow quickly with this fat and protein-rich meal.
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지방과 λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ΄ ν’λΆ€ν•œ 젖을 λ¨Ήκ³  μƒˆλΌλŠ” 금방 μžλžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
If conditions are right, pigeons breed year-round
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ν™˜κ²½μ΄ μ ν•©ν•˜λ‹€λ©΄ 1λ…„ λ‚΄λ‚΄ λ²ˆμ‹ν•  수 있고
02:28
and produce new offspring every six weeks.
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6μ£Όλ§ˆλ‹€ μ•Œμ„ 낳을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:31
They actually have higher breeding rates in cities
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λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ°λŠ” λ„μ‹œμ—μ„œ 훨씬 λ²ˆμ‹λ₯ μ΄ 높은데
02:34
because of the abundance of food and shelter.
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먹을 것이 ν’λΆ€ν•˜κ³  λͺΈμ„ 숨길 곳이 많기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
These booming populations attract predators.
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λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ°κ°€ μ–΄λ§ˆμ–΄λ§ˆν•˜κ²Œ λŠ˜λ©΄μ„œ ν¬μ‹μžλ“€λ„ λͺ°λ €λ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:40
New York City is home to a million pigeons,
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λ‰΄μš•μ‹œμ—λŠ” λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ°κ°€ λͺ‡λ°±λ§Œ 마리 μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμ–΄
02:43
which support large populations of raptors.
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이듀을 μž‘μ•„λ¨ΉλŠ” 맹금λ₯˜λ„ 많이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:46
But pigeons’ aptitude for swift flight,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ°λŠ” λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ λ‚  수 있고
02:47
further exploited by being bred for racing,
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경주용으둜 κ΅λ°°ν•œ 덕뢄에 κ·Έ νŠΉμ„±μ΄ λ”μš± λ°œλ‹¬ν•΄μ„œ
02:50
means they’re made for high speed chases.
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맀우 빨리 λ„λ§κ°ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
Compared to barn owls, which are a similar size,
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λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 크기인 λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ°μ™€ ν—›κ°„ 올빼미λ₯Ό 비ꡐ해 보면
02:55
pigeon wing bones are thicker and more curved,
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λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ° λ‚ κ°œ λΌˆκ°€ 훨씬 두껍고 더 νœ˜μ–΄μ Έμžˆμ–΄
02:58
providing extra space for muscle mass.
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κ·Όμœ‘λŸ‰λ„ 훨씬 λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:00
They can reach speeds of 125 kilometers per hour.
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λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ°λ“€μ€ μ‹œμ† 125km둜 λ‚  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:04
And their large flocks ensure safety in numbers and more eyes on the lookout.
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큰 λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ° λ–ΌλŠ” λ§ˆλ¦Ώμˆ˜κ°€ λ§Žμ•„ μ•ˆμ „ν•˜λ©° μ—¬λŸΏμ΄ 망을 λ³Ό μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
While pigeons play a starring role in urban wildlife,
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λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ°κ°€ 도심 μƒνƒœκ³„μ˜ 주인곡 역할을 맑긴 ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
03:12
we’re not always enthusiastic neighbors.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λͺ¨λ‘ λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ°λ₯Ό μ’‹μ•„ν•˜μ§„ μ•Šμ£ .
03:15
In 1966, New York’s parks commissioner coined the term β€œrats with wings”
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1966λ…„, λ‰΄μš• 곡원 감독관은
β€˜λ‚ κ°œλ‹¬λ¦° μ₯β€™λΌλŠ” 말을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λƒˆκ³  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ λ‡Œλ¦¬μ— λ°•ν˜”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:20
and it stuck.
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03:22
Indeed, their poop,
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사싀 λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ° λ˜₯은 μ›λž˜λŠ” κ±°λ¦„μœΌλ‘œ μ“°λ˜ κ·€μ€‘ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
03:23
which we originally cherished as fertilizer, presents a unique problem.
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ν˜„λŒ€μ—μ„œλŠ” λ…νŠΉν•œ 문제λ₯Ό μ•ΌκΈ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:27
Just one pigeon can leave behind 11 kilograms of acidic excrement per year,
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λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ° ν•œ λ§ˆλ¦¬λŠ” μ‚°μ„± 배섀물을 1년에 μ•½ 11kg λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
which, in the United States, scales to about $1.1 billion
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λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ° λ˜₯ λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œλ§Œ
건물 ν”Όν•΄κ°€ 맀년 μ•½ 11μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬ λ°œμƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
in structural damage annually.
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03:39
Though incidents of infection are rare,
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λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ°κ°€ 병균을 퍼트릴 ν™•λ₯ μ€ μ μ§€λ§Œ,
03:42
this poop can host fungi that are harmful to people if inhaled.
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λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ° λ˜₯μ—μ„œ λ²ˆμ‹ν•˜λŠ” 균은 μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ 호흑기둜 λ“€μ–΄κ°€λ©΄ ν•΄λ‘­μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:45
They may be numerous, noisy and a little too keen on your lunch,
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λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ°λŠ” μˆ«μžλ„ 많고, μ‹œλ„λŸ½κ³ , μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 점심을 노리기도 ν•˜μ£ .
03:49
but the pigeons that swirl around us
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κ·ΈλŸΌμ—λ„, 우리 주변에 μžˆλŠ” λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ°λŠ”
03:51
are evidence of an ancient, ongoing relationship.
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μ—£λ‚ λΆ€ν„° μ§€μ†λ˜μ–΄ 온 μœ λŒ€ κ΄€κ³„μ˜ μ¦κ±°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:55
Their rise to world domination has been a collaborative effort.
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μ „ 세계에 νΌμ ΈμžˆλŠ” μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ λΉ„λ‘˜κΈ°λŠ” ν˜‘λ ₯의 μ¦κ±°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
For better or for worse, we did this to ourselves.
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μ’‹λ“  μ‹«λ“ , μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚Έ κ²°κ³Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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