How does hibernation work? - Sheena Lee Faherty

1,562,865 views ・ 2018-05-03

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Kwon Yeonhee κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:07
Onboard the spacecraft, the astronauts preset the timer,
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μš°μ£Όμ„ μ— 타면, μš°μ£ΌλΉ„ν–‰μ‚¬λ“€μ€ 타이머λ₯Ό 미리 쑰정해놓고
00:10
enclose themselves in capsules,
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캑슐 μ•ˆμ— λ“€μ–΄κ°€μ„œ
00:12
and fall into a deep hibernation
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그듀을 λͺ‡λ°± λ…„ ν›„μ˜ 미래둜 데렀닀 쀄
00:14
that’ll carry them several hundred years into the future.
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κΉŠμ€ 동면에 λΉ μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:19
This is a familiar scene in many sci-fi films,
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μ΄λŠ” λ§Žμ€ 곡상과학 μ˜ν™”μ—μ„œ 자주 λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” μΉœμˆ™ν•œ μž₯면이죠.
00:22
but could humans ever actually hibernate in real life?
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그런데 인간듀은 ν˜„μ‹€μ—μ„œλ„ 정말 동면할 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
00:26
Researchers interested in this question turn to the animal kingdom,
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이 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— ν˜ΈκΈ°μ‹¬μ„ κ°–κ²Œλœ μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€μ€
00:30
where hibernation is commonplace,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•„λŠ” κ²ƒλ§Œ 해도 동면을 ν•˜λŠ” 동물듀이 200쒅이 λ„˜μ„ μ •λ„λ‘œ 동면이 ν”ν•œ
00:32
occurring in over 200 species that we know of.
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λ™λ¬Όμ˜ μ™•κ΅­μœΌλ‘œ λˆˆμ„ 돌리게 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:36
Take the Arctic ground squirrel.
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뢁극 μ–Όλ£©λ‹€λžŒμ₯μ— λŒ€ν•΄ ν•œλ²ˆ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
00:38
Native to the North American tundra and northern Russia,
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뢁아메리카 νˆ°λ“œλΌμ™€ 뢁뢀 λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„μ— μ‚¬λŠ” 이 동물은
00:42
this animal burrows beneath the permafrost
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영ꡬ 동토측에 ꡴을 파고
00:44
and slips into a state of suspended animation,
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κ°€μ‚¬μƒνƒœμ— λΉ μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
its body temperature plummeting to a frigid -2.9 degrees Celsius.
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μ΄λ“€μ˜ μ²΄μ˜¨μ€ 섭씨 μ˜ν•˜ 2.9λ„κΉŒμ§€ κΈ‰λ½ν•˜κ²Œ 되죠.
00:53
Others, like the female black bear, can multitask,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 쒅을 보면, 흑곰 μ•”μ»·μ˜ 경우 κ²¨μšΈλ™μ•ˆ λ™λ©΄ν•˜λŠ” 도쀑에
00:56
giving birth and lactating while they’re hibernating through the winter.
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아이λ₯Ό λ‚³κ³  젖을 λ¨Ήμ΄λŠ” λ“± λ‹€μ€‘μž‘μ—…μ΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
The fat-tailed dwarf lemur prepares for its long dormancy
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κΌ¬λ§ˆμ—¬μš°μ›μˆ­μ΄λŠ” μŒμ‹μ„ μ‹€μ»· λ¨Ήκ³  λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 지방을 그의 꼬리에 μ €μž₯ν•˜μ—¬
01:05
by gorging on food and storing the majority of its fat reserves in its tail,
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체쀑을 2배둜 늘림으둜써
01:09
doubling its body weight.
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κΈ΄ νœ΄λ©΄μ„ μ€€λΉ„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:11
After hibernation, it emerges looking as svelte as ever.
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동면 후에 κΌ¬λ§ˆμ—¬μš°μ›μˆ­μ΄λŠ” μ „μ²˜λŸΌ λ‚ μ”¬ν•΄μ Έμ„œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:15
So why do these animals go to such extremes?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ™œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 동물듀은 이런 극단적인 행동을 ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμΌκΉŒμš”?
01:19
Hibernation is a necessity,
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동면은 ν•„μˆ˜μ μ΄λ©°,
01:21
a survival tactic for making it through the harsh winter months
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μ€„μ–΄λ“œλŠ” μŒμ‹κ³Ό 물이 생쑴을 μœ„ν˜‘ν•˜λŠ”
01:24
when dwindling food and water reserves threaten survival.
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κ°€ν˜Ήν•œ κ²¨μšΈμ„ λ²„ν‹°κ²Œ ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” μƒμ‘΄μ „λž΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
For many years, experts believed hibernation happened
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μˆ˜λ…„κ°„, 전문가듀은 동면이
01:31
only in arctic and temperate environments.
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λΆκ·Ήμ§€λ°©μ΄λ‚˜ ν•œλŒ€μ§€λ°©μ—μ„œλ§Œ μΌμ–΄λ‚œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
But more recently, they’ve discovered animals hibernating
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ΅œκ·Όμ—, 그듀은 κ±΄μ‘°ν•œ 사막과
01:36
even in arid deserts and tropical rainforests.
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μ—΄λŒ€μš°λ¦Όμ— μ‚¬λŠ” 동물듀도 동면을 ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ°œκ²¬ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
As hibernation kicks in,
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동면을 μ‹œμž‘ν•  λ•Œ
01:42
animals’ heartbeats usually slow to about 1 to 3% of their original speed,
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λ™λ¬Όλ“€μ˜ μ‹¬λ°•μˆ˜λŠ” 주둜 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ›λž˜ μ†λ„μ˜ 1%μ—μ„œ 3%κ°€λŸ‰μœΌλ‘œ λŠλ €μ§€λŠ”λ°,
01:48
like the dwarf lemur’s,
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κΌ¬λ§ˆμ—¬μš°μ›μˆ­μ΄μ˜ 경우
01:49
which drops from its usual roughly 180 beats per minute
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ν‰μ†Œμ—λŠ” 주둜 1λΆ„λ‹Ή 180번 λ°•λ™ν•˜λ˜ μ‹¬λ°•μˆ˜κ°€
01:53
to just around four.
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κ³ μž‘ 4번 κ°€λŸ‰μœΌλ‘œ κ°μ†Œν•˜κ²Œλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
Breathing also declines dramatically
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호흑 λ˜ν•œ κΌ¬λ§ˆμ—¬μš°μ›μˆ­μ΄μ˜ 경우
01:57
to just one breath every 10 to 21 minutes in the lemur’s case.
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10λΆ„μ—μ„œ 21λΆ„λ§ˆλ‹€ 1번으둜 κΈ‰λ½ν•˜κ²Œ 되죠.
02:02
And black bears, like most hibernators,
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그리고 흑곰은 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ λ™λ©΄λ™λ¬Όμ²˜λŸΌ
02:05
don’t urinate or defecate the entire hibernation season.
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λ™λ©΄κΈ°κ°„μ—λŠ” μ†Œλ³€μ΄λ‚˜ λŒ€λ³€μ„ 보지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:09
Hibernating animals appear to stay alive
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동면동물듀은 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λͺΈμ—μ„œ μˆœν™˜ν•  λ•Œ
02:11
by having just enough blood and oxygen moving around their bodies.
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ν•„μš”ν•œ 만큼만의 피와 μ‚°μ†Œλ₯Ό κ°–κ³  μƒμ‘΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:15
And scans of hibernating animals reveal that their brain activity
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λ˜ν•œ 동면동물듀에 λŒ€ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λ‡ŒνŒŒκ°€
02:19
has just about flat-lined.
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ν‰ν‰ν•œ 직선이 됨을 λ°ν˜€λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:22
But hibernation isn’t a long winter’s nap.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 동면은 κΈ΄ 겨울잠이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
As far as researchers know,
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μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€μ΄ μ•„λŠ” ν•œλ„μ—μ„œ,
02:27
in lemurs and ground squirrels anyway,
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μ—¬μš°μ›μˆ­μ΄μ™€ μ–Όλ£©λ‹€λžŒμ₯μ˜ 경우,
02:29
the animals aren’t even sleeping for most of it.
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그듀은 심지어 동면 쀑에 μž μ„ 거의 μžμ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
Hibernation is actually made up of regular bouts of reduced metabolic rate
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동면은 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ κΈ°λ©΄μƒνƒœμΈ 정기적인 κ°μ†Œλœ λŒ€μ‚¬μœ¨κ³Ό
02:37
and body temperature known as torpor.
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체온으둜 μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ Έμžˆμ£ .
02:39
Animals can be in torpor for a few days to five weeks,
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동물듀은 κ³ μž‘ λ©°μΉ μ—μ„œ 5μ£ΌκΉŒμ§€ κΈ°λ©΄μƒνƒœμ— λΉ μ Έμžˆμ„ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
after which they resume normal metabolic rate and body temperature
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그리고 κ·Έ ν›„μ—λŠ” λ‹€μ‹œ 정상적인 λŒ€μ‚¬μœ¨κ³Ό 체온으둜
02:47
for about 24 hours,
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24μ‹œκ°„λ™μ•ˆ μœ μ§€ν•œ ν›„
02:49
before going back into torpor again.
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λ‹€μ‹œ κΈ°λ©΄μƒνƒœλ‘œ λΉ μ Έλ“€μ–΄κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:51
The phenomenon is known as an interbout arousal,
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이 ν˜„μƒμ€ "interbout arousal "둜 μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆλŠ”λ°,
02:54
and why it occurs is still a mystery.
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이 ν˜„μƒμ΄ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ” 아직 μˆ˜μˆ˜κ»˜λΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
The behaviors inherent in hibernation,
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5μ£Ό λ™μ•ˆ μž μ„ μžμ§€ μ•Šκ±°λ‚˜,
03:00
like going five weeks without sleep,
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섭씨 0도 근처 κΉŒμ§€ 체온이 λ–¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ” λ“±
03:02
or dropping to near-freezing body temperatures
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동면 쀑에 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” 일듀은
03:05
would be potentially fatal to non-hibernating species like us.
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우리처럼 λ™λ©΄ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” μ’…μ—κ²ŒλŠ” 치λͺ…적일 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
To find out how hibernators are able to do this,
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 동면동물듀이 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 일을 ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œμ•„λ‚΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ
03:12
researchers turned their attention to those animal’s genomes.
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μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€μ€ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ™λ¬Όμ˜ κ²Œλ†ˆμœΌλ‘œ 관심을 λŒλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:16
So far, they’ve discovered that hibernation is controlled by genes
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μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€, 그듀은 동면이 일년내내 λ…νŠΉν•œ νŒ¨ν„΄μœΌλ‘œ μΌœμ§€κ±°λ‚˜ κΊΌμ§€λ©°
03:19
that turn off and on in unique patterns throughout the year,
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λ™λ©΄λ™λ¬Όμ˜ 생리와 μŠ΅μ„±μ„ μ„Έλ°€ν•˜κ²Œ μ‘°μ •ν•˜λŠ”
03:23
fine-tuning the hibernator’s physiology and behavior.
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μœ μ „μžμ— μ˜ν•΄ μ‘°μ •λœλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:27
For example, ground squirrel, bear and dwarf lemur studies
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μ–Όλ£©λ‹€λžŒμ₯, κ³°, 그리고 κΌ¬λ§ˆμ—¬μš°μ›μˆ­μ΄μ— λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬ듀은
03:31
have revealed that these animals are able to turn on the genes
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 동물듀이 μžμ‹ μ˜ μ €μž₯지방을
03:34
that control fat metabolism
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먹이λ₯Ό λ¨Ήμ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” κΈ°κ°„λ™μ•ˆ 살아남기 μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ μ—°λ£Œλ‘œ μ“Έ λ•Œ
03:36
precisely when they need to use their fat stores
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μ§€λ°© λŒ€μ‚¬λ₯Ό μ •λ°€ν•˜κ²Œ μ‘°μ ˆν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μœ μ „μžλ₯Ό
03:38
as fuel to survive long periods of fasting.
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μž‘λ™μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμŒμ„ λ°ν˜€λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:42
And the genes in question are present in all mammals,
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그리고 ν™”μ œμ˜ 쀑심에 μžˆλŠ” 이 μœ μ „μžλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  포유λ₯˜μ— μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ”λ°
03:44
which means that researchers could study hibernating mammals
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μ΄λŠ” μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€μ΄ λ™λ©΄λ™λ¬Όλ“€μ˜ λ…νŠΉν•œ 생리 쑰절이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ
03:48
to see how their unique control of physiology might help humans.
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μΈκ°„μ—κ²Œ 도움을 쀄 수 μžˆμ„μ§€ 연ꡬ할 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
Understanding how hibernators deal with reduced blood flow
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 동면동물듀이 쀄어든 혈λ₯˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λŒ€μ²˜ν•˜λŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ΄ν•΄λŠ”
03:56
could lead to better treatments for protecting the brain during a stroke.
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λ‡Œμ‘Έμ€‘μ΄ 일어났을 λ•Œ λ‡Œλ₯Ό λ³΄ν˜Έν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 더 λ‚˜μ€ μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•μœΌλ‘œ 이끌 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
Figuring out how these animals avoid muscle deterioration
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 동면동물듀이 근윑 μ•…ν™”λ₯Ό ν”Όν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œμ•„λ‚΄λŠ” 것은
04:03
might improve the lives of bedridden patients.
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λͺΈμ Έ λˆ„μ›ŒμžˆλŠ” ν™˜μžλ“€μ˜ 삢을 κ°œμ„ μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμ΄κ³ μš”.
04:06
And studying how hibernating animals control their weight with ease
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그리고 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 동면동물듀이 체쀑을 μ‰½κ²Œ μ‘°μ ˆν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” 것은
04:09
could illuminate the relationship between metabolism and weight gain in humans.
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μΈκ°„μ˜ μ‹ μ§„λŒ€μ‚¬μ™€ 체쀑 μ¦κ°€μ˜ 관계λ₯Ό λͺ…ν™•νžˆ 해쀄 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:14
And yes, more research in this area
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그리고 λ¬Όλ‘ , 이 뢄야에 λŒ€ν•œ 더 λ§Žμ€ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ”
04:16
might someday make human hibernation a real possibility.
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μ–Έμ  κ°€λŠ” μΈκ°„μ˜ 동면을 ν˜„μ‹€λ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚Ό 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:20
Imagine our surprise if the key to intergalactic travel
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μ€ν•˜κ³„ μ—¬ν–‰μ˜ μ‹€λ§ˆλ¦¬κ°€ μ–Όλ£©λ‹€λžŒμ₯,
04:24
turns out to be ground squirrels, black bears, and dwarf lemurs.
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흑곰,
κΌ¬λ§ˆμ—¬μš°μ›μˆ­μž„μ„ μ•Œμ•˜μ„ λ•Œμ˜ 놀라움을 μƒμƒν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”!
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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