The journey to Pluto, the farthest world ever explored - Alan Stern

3,136,238 views ・ 2018-05-17

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Julia Robert κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:06
On July 4, 2015,
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2015λ…„ 7μ›” 4일에
00:09
a NASA spacecraft called New Horizons was 5 billion kilometers away from Earth.
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λ‰΄ν—ˆλΌμ΄μ¦Œμ΄λΌλŠ” NASA의 μš°μ£Όμ„ μ€ μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ 50μ–΅km λ–¨μ–΄μ Έ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:16
It was only 10 days away from Pluto, after flying for 9.5 years,
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9λ…„ λ°˜μ„ λΉ„ν–‰ν•œ ν›„, λͺ…μ™•μ„± 근접이 10일밖에 남지 μ•Šμ•˜λŠ”λ°
00:21
when it suddenly dropped out of contact.
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κ°‘μžκΈ° 이 μš°μ£Όμ„ κ³Ό 톡신이 λŠκΉλ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
But let’s back up a little.
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쑰금만 과거둜 λŒμ•„κ°€ λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:27
As of 1989,
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1989λ…„λΆ€ν„°
00:29
mankind had successfully sent craft to every known planet in the solar system
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인λ₯˜λŠ” νƒœμ–‘κ³„μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  행성에 탐사선을 λ³΄λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:34
except oneβ€”Pluto.
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ν•˜λ‚˜λ§Œ λΉΌκ³ μš”. λͺ…왕성이죠.
00:36
You may have heard that astronomers don’t consider Pluto
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μ²œλ¬Έν•™μžλ“€μ΄ λͺ…왕성을 ν–‰μ„±μœΌλ‘œ κ°„μ£Όν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” 말을
00:39
or its brethren to be planets.
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ λ“€μ–΄λ³Έ 적 μžˆμœΌμ‹€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:42
However, most planetary scientists still do,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λŒ€λ‹€μˆ˜μ˜ ν–‰μ„± κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€ λͺ…왕성을 μ—¬μ „νžˆ ν–‰μ„±μœΌλ‘œ κ°„μ£Όν•˜λŠ”λ°
00:46
which is why we're using that terminology here.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 그런 μš©μ–΄λ₯Ό μ“°λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
00:49
There’s a limited amount we can learn about Pluto from Earth
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μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ λͺ…왕성에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ•Œ 수 μžˆλŠ” 게 μ œν•œμ μΈλ°
00:52
because it’s so far from us.
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λ„ˆλ¬΄ 멀리 λ–¨μ–΄μ Έ 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
00:54
Pluto, however, is a scientific goldmine.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λͺ…왕성은 과학적인 κΈˆκ΄‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:57
It’s located in a region called the Kuiper Belt,
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μΉ΄μ΄νΌλŒ€(Kuiper Belt)라고 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 지역에 μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ λͺ…왕성은
01:00
home to many small planets,
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λ§Žμ€ μž‘μ€ ν–‰μ„±λ“€κ³Ό
01:02
hundreds of thousands of ancient icy objects,
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μˆ˜μ‹­λ§Œ 개의 μ–ΌμŒ λ¬Όμ§ˆλ“€ 및
01:06
and trillions of comets.
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일쑰 개의 ν˜œμ„±μ˜ λ³΄κΈˆμžλ¦¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
This mysterious region holds clues to the formation of our solar system,
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이 λΆˆκ°€μ‚¬μ˜ν•œ 행성은 νƒœμ–‘κ³„ ꡬ성에 λ‹¨μ„œλ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜κ³ 
01:12
and it was long, tantalizingly beyond our reach.
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우리의 손에 닿지 μ•Šμ•„ κ°μ§ˆλ‚˜λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό λ¨Ό 거리에 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:16
Until New Horizons.
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λ‰΄ν—ˆλΌμ΄μ¦ŒμŠ€ν˜Έκ°€ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜κΈ°κΉŒμ§€λŠ” 말이죠.
01:18
Its objectives: explore Pluto,
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이 μš°μ£Όμ„ μ€ λͺ…왕성을 νƒκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
01:20
collect as much scientific data as possible,
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κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ λ§Žμ€ 과학적인 자료λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ§‘ν•΄μ„œ
01:23
transmit it back to Earth,
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지ꡬ에 μ „λ‹¬ν•œ λ‹€μŒ
01:25
then explore farther out in the Kuiper Belt.
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μΉ΄μ΄νΌλŒ€μ—μ„œ λ¨Έλ‚˜λ¨Ό 곳을 νƒμ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” 것이 λͺ©ν‘œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:29
To achieve this, the New Horizons team outfitted their craft
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이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄, λ‰΄ν—ˆλΌμ΄μ¦ŒμŠ€ν˜Έμ˜ νŒ€μ€
일곱 개의 μ΅œμ²¨λ‹¨ 탐사 μž₯λΉ„λ‘œ μš°μ£Όμ„ μ„ κΎΈλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
with seven state-of-the-art scientific instruments.
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01:36
Those included Ralph,
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κ±°κΈ°μ—” λž„ν”„(Ralph)κ°€ ν¬ν•¨λ˜λŠ”λ°
01:37
a set of cameras powerful enough
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이것은 κ°•λ ₯ν•œ 카메라 μž₯치둜
01:39
to capture features the size of city blocks in Manhattan
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수만 km 떨어진 κ³³μ—μ„œ λ§¨ν•˜νƒ„ μ‹œ 크기 정도λ₯Ό μ΄¬μ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
from tens of thousands of kilometers away.
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01:46
And REX, designed to use radio waves
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그리고 λͺ…μ™•μ„±μ˜ μ••λ ₯κ³Ό μ˜¨λ„λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬
01:49
to measure Pluto’s atmospheric pressure and temperature.
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λΌλ””μ˜€ μ „νŒŒλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄ κ³ μ•ˆλœ λ ‰μŠ€(REX)도 이에 ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ£ .
01:53
All of the onboard equipment had to be built to be both reliable and lightweight
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λ‰΄ν—ˆλΌμ΄μ¦ŒμŠ€ν˜Έκ°€ λͺ©ν‘œλ¬Όμ— μ΅œλŒ€ν•œ 빨리 μ ‘κ·Όν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”
01:59
because New Horizons had an additional challenge;
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좔가적인 어렀움 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λͺ¨λ“  κ΄€μΈ‘ μž₯λΉ„λŠ”
02:02
it had to reach its target as fast as possible.
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κ°€λ²Όμ›Œμ•Ό ν•˜κ³ , μ‹ λ’°ν•  수 μžˆμ–΄μ•Όλ§Œ ν–ˆμ£ .
02:06
Why?
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μ™œ κ·ΈλŸ΄κΉŒμš”?
02:07
Around 2020, Pluto will reach a point in its orbit
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μ•½ 2020λ…„μ―€, 곡기가 λƒ‰κ°λ˜λŠ” λͺ…왕성은
02:11
where its atmosphere could freeze.
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ꢀ도에 이λ₯΄κ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:14
And due to the tilt of its axis,
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λͺ…μ™•μ„±μ˜ 좕이 기울기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
02:16
more and more of Pluto’s surface is shrouded in darkness every year.
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맀년 λͺ…μ™•μ„±μ˜ ν‘œλ©΄μ€ μ–΄λ‘  속에 λ”μš± 더 가렀지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:21
Pluto completes a full orbit once every 248 Earth years,
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λͺ…왕성은 248년에 1번 주어진 ꢀ도λ₯Ό 따라 νƒœμ–‘μ„ λ„λŠ” κ±Έ μ™„λ£Œν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
02:27
so it would be a long wait for the next prime opportunity to visit.
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λ‹€μŒ λ²ˆμ— νƒν—˜ν•˜λ €λ©΄ 였래 κΈ°λ‹€λ €μ•Ό ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
To see how New Horizons got to Pluto in time,
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λ‰΄ν—ˆλΌμ΄μ¦ŒμŠ€ν˜Έκ°€ λͺ…왕성에 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ„μ°©ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€ 보기 μœ„ν•΄μ„œ
02:35
let’s jump to its launch.
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이제 λ°œμ‚¬ ν˜„μž₯으둜 가보죠.
02:37
Its three rocket stages accelerated New Horizons to such great speeds
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뉴 호라이즌슀 ν˜ΈλŠ” 9μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ λ‹¬μ—μ„œ
02:42
that it crossed the 400,000 kilometers to the moon in just nine hours.
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40만kmλ₯Ό κ±΄λ„ˆ 3단 λ‘œμΌ“μ„ ꡉμž₯ν•œ 속도λ₯Ό μ˜¬λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
About a year later, the craft reached Jupiter
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μ•½ 1λ…„ λ’€, λ‰΄ν—ˆλΌμ΄μ¦ŒμŠ€ν˜ΈλŠ” λͺ©μ„±μ— λ„λ‹¬ν–ˆκ³ 
02:51
and got what’s called a gravity assist.
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쀑λ ₯λ„μ›€μ΄λΌλŠ” 것을 μ–»μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:54
That’s where it flies close enough to the gas giant
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그것은 쀑λ ₯의 μƒˆμ΄ 효과λ₯Ό μ–»κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
02:56
to receive a gravitational slingshot effect.
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λͺ©μ„±μ— μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ κ·Όμ ‘ν•˜μ—¬ λ‚˜λŠ” κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:00
New Horizons was then flying at around 50,000 kilometers per hour,
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λ‰΄ν—ˆλΌμ΄μ¦ŒμŠ€ν˜ΈλŠ” μ‹œμ† 5만kmλ₯Ό λ‚ μ•„κ°”κ³ 
03:05
as it would for the next eight years to cross the remaining gulf to Pluto.
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ν–₯ν›„ 8λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ κ±Έν”„λ§Œμ—μ„œ λͺ…왕성을 λ„˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:10
Going at such an astonishing speed
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이처럼 μ—„μ²­λ‚œ μ†λ„λŠ”
03:13
meant that slowing down to get into orbit or land
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κΆ€λ„λ‚˜ 땅에 천천히 μ°©λ₯™ν•˜λŠ” 게
03:17
would’ve been impossible.
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λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:19
That’s why New Horizons was on a flyby mission,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ‰΄ν—ˆλΌμ΄μ¦ŒμŠ€ν˜Έκ°€ μ €κ³΅λΉ„ν–‰μ˜ λ―Έμ…˜μ„ 맑게 된 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
where it would get just one chance to scream by Pluto and make its observations.
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λͺ…μ™•μ„±μ—μ„œ 단 ν•œ 번의 기회둜 κ΄€μ°°ν•΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
03:27
The flyby would have to be fully automated,
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저곡비행은 μ „μ μœΌλ‘œ μžλ™ν™”κ°€ λ˜μ–΄μ•Όλ§Œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:29
since at that distance, any signals to guide it from Earth
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μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ μ–΄λ–€ μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό μ•ˆλ‚΄ν•˜λŠ”λ°
03:33
would take 4.5 hours to reach it.
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4.5μ‹œκ°„μ΄λ‚˜ 걸리기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
03:36
So the team loaded the ship’s computer with a series of thousands of commands,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ νŒ€μ€ μ»΄ν“¨ν„°μ˜ μ½”μ–΄ λ‘œλ“œλΌ λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 수천 개의 λͺ…령을 μ˜¬λ €μ„œ
03:40
called the core load,
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03:42
that would begin to execute when the craft was 6.5 days from Pluto.
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λͺ…μ™•μ„±μ—μ„œ 6.5일 지났을 λ•Œ μ‹€ν–‰ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:47
But when New Horizons was just ten days out,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ‰΄ν—ˆλΌμ΄μ¦ŒμŠ€ν˜Έκ°€ λ„μ°©ν•œ 지 10일쯀 λ˜μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ
03:50
disaster almost struck.
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κ°‘μžκΈ° μž¬μ•™μ΄ λ‹₯치게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:53
Ground control lost contact with the spacecraft.
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지상 ν†΅μ œνŒ€κ³Ό λ‰΄ν—ˆλΌμ΄μ¦ŒμŠ€ν˜Έμ™€μ˜ 접촉이 λŠμ–΄μ§„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:55
After two nerve-wracking hours, New Horizons came back online,
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숨 죽이던 두 μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ§€λ‚˜κ³  λ‹€μ‹œ 톡신이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•΄μ‘Œμ§€λ§Œ
04:00
but mission control discovered that its main computer had rebooted,
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κ΄€μ œνŒ€μ€ νƒμ‚¬μ„ μ˜ 주컴퓨터가 μž¬λΆ€νŒ…λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
04:04
losing the entire core load and other critical data.
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μ½”μ–΄ 데이터 전뢀와 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 데이터가 μ†Œμ‹€λœ κ±Έ μ•Œμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:09
Without that, it would soon whizz by Pluto
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데이터가 없이 λͺ…왕성을 곧 μ§€λ‚˜μ³ κ°€λ©΄μ„œ
04:12
with virtually nothing to show for the mission.
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κ΄€μ œνŒ€μ— 아무것도 보여쀄 게 없을 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:14
Alice Bowman, the mission’s Operations Manager,
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κ΄€μ œνŒ€ λ§€λ‹ˆμ €μΈ μ•¨λ¦¬μŠ€ λ³΄μš°λ§Œμ€
04:18
led a team for 72 sleepless hours to get the instructions
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νŒ€μ„ 이끌고 72μ‹œκ°„μ„ 쉬지 μ•Šκ³  μž‘μ—…ν•˜μ—¬
04:23
loaded back into New Horizons in time.
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λ‰΄ν—ˆλΌμ΄μ¦ŒμŠ€ν˜Έμ— λ‹€μ‹œ μ œμ‹œκ°„μ— ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ μž…λ ₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:26
Without room for a single error, she and her team pulled it off,
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ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 였λ₯˜λ„ 없이, 그녀와 νŒ€μ΄ ν•΄λ‚Έ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:31
and New Horizons began taking and broadcasting breathtaking images.
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λ‰΄ν—ˆλΌμ΄μ¦ŒμŠ€ν˜ΈλŠ” 탐사λ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆκ³ , λ†€λž„ λ§Œν•œ 사진듀을 λ°©μ†‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:35
Those observations have revealed a delightfully varied world,
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νƒμ‚¬λ‚΄μš©μ€ 즐겁게 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 세상을 λ³΄μ—¬μ€¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:39
with ground fogs,
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μ§€ν‘œ μ•ˆκ°œ
04:41
high altitude hazes,
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고도 μ•ˆκ°œ
04:42
possible clouds,
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ꡬ름 같은 것
04:44
canyons,
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ν˜‘κ³‘
04:45
towering mountains,
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우뚝 μ†Ÿμ€ μ‚°
04:46
faults,
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단측
04:47
craters,
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뢄화ꡬ
04:48
polar caps,
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κ·Ήκ΄€
04:49
glaciers,
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λΉ™ν•˜
04:50
apparent dune fields,
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ν™•μ‹€ν•œ λͺ¨λž˜ λ•…
04:52
suspected ice volcanoes,
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μ–ΌμŒ ν™”μ‚°μœΌλ‘œ μ˜μ‹¬λ˜λŠ” 것
04:54
evidence for past flowing liquids,
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κ³Όκ±° 앑체가 흐λ₯Έ 흔적듀
04:57
and more.
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λ“±λ“±μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:59
One of the most exciting discoveries
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κ°€μž₯ ν₯미둜운 발견 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ”
05:00
is the 1000-kilometer-wide Sputnik Planitia glacier.
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1000km λ„ˆλΉ„μ˜ μŠ€ν‘ΈνŠΈλ‹ˆν¬ 평원(Sputnik)λΉ™ν•˜μΈλ°μš”.
05:05
Sputnik Planitia is mainly composed of slowly churning frozen nitrogen,
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μŠ€ν‘ΈνŠΈλ‹ˆν¬ 평원은 주둜 μ„œμ„œνžˆ λƒ‰κ°λœ μ§ˆμ†Œλ‘œ λ˜μ–΄ 있고
05:11
and we’ve never seen anything like it in our solar system.
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νƒœμ–‘κ³„μ—μ„œ 이와 같은 것은 λ³Έ 적이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:16
The exploration of Pluto was a great success,
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λͺ…μ™•μ„±μ˜ νƒν—˜μ€ 맀우 μ„±κ³΅μ μ΄μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
05:18
but New Horizons isn’t done yet.
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λ‰΄ν—ˆλΌμ΄μ¦ŒμŠ€ν˜Έμ˜ νƒν—˜μ€ 아직 λλ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:21
On January 1, 2019,
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2019λ…„ 1μ›” 19일
05:24
it’ll break its own record for furthest explored object
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자기 기둝을 κ°±μ‹ ν•˜λ©° λ”μš± 멀리 νƒν—˜ν• ν…λ°μš”.
05:28
when it visits a Kuiper Belt Object called 2014 MU69,
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2014 MU69λΌλŠ” μΉ΄μ΄νΌλŒ€ 별에 갈 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:34
which is orbiting the sun another billion kilometers farther away than Pluto.
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λͺ…왕성보닀 νƒœμ–‘μ—μ„œ 10μ–΅km 더 떨어진 곳을 돌고 있죠.
05:39
The world is holding its breath to see what it’ll find there.
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μ„Έκ³„λŠ” κ·Έ 곳에 λ°œκ²¬ν•œ κ±Έ 보기 μœ„ν•΄ 숨죽이고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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