Demolition, disease, and death: Building the Panama Canal - Alex Gendler

1,412,671 views ใƒป 2021-04-27

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Yeni moon ๊ฒ€ํ† : JY Kang
00:06
In the middle of the 19th century,
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19์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜
00:08
the California gold rush brought thousands of settlers to Americaโ€™s west coast.
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์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์˜ ๊ณจ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์‰ฌ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์„œํ•ด์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:13
But finding gold may have been easier than transporting it back east.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธˆ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋™์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์šด๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์–ด๋ ค์› ์ฃ .
00:18
The only hope for avoiding a grueling six month wagon journey
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6๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๊ณ ๋œ ๋งˆ์ฐจ ์žฅ์ •์„ ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ํฌ๋ง์€
00:22
was to travel the narrowest portion of the continentโ€”
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๋Œ€๋ฅ™์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข์€ ์ง€์—ญ์ธ
00:26
the 48-kilometer Isthmus of Panama.
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48 km์˜ ํŒŒ๋‚˜๋งˆ ์ง€ํ˜‘์„ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
By 1855, a railroad spanning the region significantly shortened to the trip,
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1855๋…„์—๋Š” ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํšก๋‹จ ์ฒ ๋„๋กœ ์ด๋™ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‹จ์ถ•๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
00:36
but unloading and reloading ships at each port cost time and money.
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๊ฐ ํ•ญ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์„ ๋ฐ•์„ ํ•˜์—ญํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
To truly connect these two bodies of water shipping interests needed a canalโ€”
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์šด์†ก ์—…๊ณ„๋Š” ์ด ๋‘ ์ˆ˜์—ญ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ์šดํ•˜,
00:47
a continuous maritime passage through the isthmus.
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์ฆ‰, ์ง€ํ˜‘์„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ด์–‘ ํ†ต๋กœ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
The first attempt at this colossal construction project was taken up in 1881
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์ด ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฑด์„ค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ 1881๋…„์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ์‹œ๋„ํ•œ ์ด๋Š”
00:58
by French diplomat Ferdinand de Lesseps.
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์™ธ๊ต๊ด€์ธ ํŽ˜๋ฅด๋””๋‚œ๋“œ ๋“œ ๋ ˆ์…‰์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
De Lesseps had supervised construction of Egypt's Suez Canal,
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์ด์ง‘ํŠธ์˜ ์ˆ˜์—์ฆˆ ์šดํ•˜ ๊ฑด์„ค์„ ๊ฐ๋…ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋“œ ๋ ˆ์…‰์Šค๋Š”
01:06
but his success made him overconfident.
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๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ์น˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ž๋งŒ์— ๋น ์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
01:09
He insisted on digging the canal at sea level,
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ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด์— ์šดํ•˜๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ณ ์ง‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
even though it required boring directly through
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ ค๋ฉด ๋Œ€๋ฅ™๋ถ• ์‚ฐ๋งฅ์„ ์ง์ ‘ ๋šซ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:16
the Continental Divide mountain range.
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01:18
Futile excavation efforts were buried under constant landslides.
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ํ—›๋œ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ์ž‘์—…์€ ๋Š์ž„์—†๋Š” ์‚ฐ์‚ฌํƒœ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํฌ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
And since the diplomat had only visited the site briefly
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ๋‚˜๋งˆ ๊ฑด๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ์ž ์‹œ ์ด๊ณณ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด,
01:26
during Panamaโ€™s dry season,
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01:28
his workers were unprepared for torrential storms, venomous jungle fauna,
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์ž‘์—…์ž๋“ค์€ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ˜ธ์šฐ, ๋งน๋…์„ฑ ์ •๊ธ€ ๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์—ด๋Œ€์„ฑ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์—
01:34
and tropical diseases.
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์ „ํ˜€ ๋Œ€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
01:36
After spending $287 million and losing a staggering 22,000 lives,
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2์–ต 8,700๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ณ  22,000 ๋ช…์˜ ๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ์žƒ์€ ํ›„์—์•ผ
01:43
the French abandoned the project.
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
The United States had been considering building a canal through Nicaragua,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๋‹ˆ์นด๋ผ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ์šดํ•˜ ๊ฑด์„ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:51
but at this point, the chance to succeed where France failed was tempting.
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๋•Œ๋งˆ์นจ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๊ฐ€ ์‹คํŒจํ•œ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์„ฑ๊ณต์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋…ธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
Panamanian leaders were also eager to complete a canal
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ํŒŒ๋‚˜๋งˆ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค ๋˜ํ•œ ์šดํ•˜์˜ ์™„์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ„์ ˆํžˆ ๋ฐ”๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
which would bring their country business and prestige.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ˆ˜์ต๊ณผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ์œ„์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ค„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:03
However, Panama was still a part of Colombia at the time,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹œ ํŒŒ๋‚˜๋งˆ๋Š” ์ฝœ๋กฌ๋น„์•„์— ์†ํ•ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
02:07
and the country was stalling negotiations with the U.S.
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์ฝœ๋กฌ๋น„์•„๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ์˜ ํ˜‘์ƒ์— ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
Sensing an opportunity,
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์ด๋•Œ, ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•œ ํ…Œ๋”” ๋ฃจ์ฆˆ๋ฒจํŠธ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€
02:13
President Teddy Roosevelt went straight to the Panamanians.
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ํŒŒ๋‚˜๋งˆ๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
02:17
With encouragement and military support from the U.S.,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ถ€์ถ”๊น€๊ณผ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ์ง€์›์— ํž˜์ž…์–ด
02:20
Panama launched a coup in 1903.
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1903๋…„์— ํŒŒ๋‚˜๋งˆ๋Š” ์ฟ ๋ฐํƒ€๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
Within days, they became an independent nation
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๋ฉฐ์น  ์‚ฌ์ด์—, ํŒŒ๋‚˜๋งˆ๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
02:27
and signed a treaty to begin construction of the canal.
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์šดํ•˜ ๊ฑด์„ค์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ์•ฝ์„ ๋งบ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
Just over a decade after the French left, the Americans were ready to dig inโ€”
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋– ๋‚œ ์ง€ ๋ถˆ๊ณผ 10์—ฌ ๋…„ ๋งŒ์— ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์€ ๋•…์„ ํŒŒํ—ค์น  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
02:36
and they were determined to avoid their predecessorโ€™s mistakes.
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋‹จ๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:41
Instead of cutting the mountain down to sea level,
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๋Œ€๋ฅ™๋ถ•์„ ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด๊นŒ์ง€ ๊นŽ์•„๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ,
02:43
they would raise the sea up the mountain.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™๋ถ• ์œ„๋กœ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
The plan was to build massive steel gates
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒ ๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜์—ฌ
02:49
separating the canal into multiple chambers with different water levels.
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์ˆ˜์œ„๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์šดํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
As a ship passed through each successive gate would open,
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๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ฐ๋‹ฌ์•„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋ฉด
02:58
lowering the water level in the next chamber,
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์˜† ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆ˜์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ณ 
03:01
while raising the ship and allowing it to move on.
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๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์˜ฌ๋ ค์„œ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
The design called for five of these so-called canal locksโ€”
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์„ค๊ณ„์—๋Š” ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” ์šดํ•˜ ๊ฐ‘๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐœ ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ,
03:09
three on the Atlantic side and two on the Pacific,
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๋Œ€์„œ์–‘ ์ชฝ์— ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์™€ ํƒœํ‰์–‘ ์ชฝ์— ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐ‘๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ
03:13
raising traversing ships 26 meters above sea level.
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ํšก๋‹จ ์„ ๋ฐ•์„ ํ•ด๋ฐœ 26m๊นŒ์ง€ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
Operating this lock system would require a massive reservoir of water.
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์ด ๊ฐ‘๋ฌธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ๋ฌผ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
And fortunately, the low-lying Chagres river valley provided a natural solution.
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„, ์ƒค๊ทธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๊ฐ• ํ•˜๋ฅ˜ ๊ณ„๊ณก์ด ์ž์—ฐ์ ์ธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
By building a dam across the gap where the river flowed out to sea,
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๊ฐ•๋ฌผ์ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋กœ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ํ‹ˆ์ƒˆ์— ๋Œ์„ ๊ฑด์„คํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
03:33
the entire valley could be flooded.
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๊ณ„๊ณก ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์— ์ž ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:35
At 32 meters high and over 800 meters wide,
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๋†’์ด 32 m, ํญ 800 m ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ€ํˆฐ ๋Œ์€
03:39
the Gatun Dam would be larger than any built before.
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์ด์ „์— ๊ฑด์„ค๋œ ์–ด๋–ค ๋Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
With this innovative plan,
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์ด ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๊ณ„ํš์œผ๋กœ,
03:46
the Americans didnโ€™t need to excavate the entire mountain,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฐ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ตด์ฐฉํ•  ํ•„์š”์—†์ด
03:50
but rather, just the pathway for the canal itself.
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์šดํ•˜ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ†ต๋กœ๋งŒ์„ ๊ตด์ฐฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋์ฃ .
03:54
Still, the work was staggering.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž‘์—…์€ ์ƒ์ƒ ์ด์ƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
Even after progress made by the French, it took over nine years for 24,000 workers
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Œ์—๋„
24,000 ๋ช…์˜ ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž๋“ค์ด 9๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ
04:03
to blow up, shovel, and drill out the Culebra Cutโ€”
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์ฟจ๋ ˆ๋ธŒ๋ผ ์ ˆ๊ฐœ์ง€์— ํญํŒŒ, ๊ตด์ฐฉ, ์ฒœ๊ณต ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•œ ๋์—
04:07
a roughly 14 kilometer passageway through the Continental Divide.
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๋Œ€๋ฅ™๋ถ•์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ์•ฝ 14 km ํ†ต๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์—ด๋ ธ์ฃ .
04:13
The railway, now upgraded and rerouted to follow the canal,
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ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ์šดํ•˜์™€ ๋‚˜๋ž€ํžˆ ๋†“์—ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒ ๋„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
04:17
carted away over 76 million cubic meters of excavated rock
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7,600๋งŒ ์ž…๋ฐฉ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š” ๊ตด์ฐฉ์•”์„ ์‹ค์–ด ๋‚ ๋ผ
04:22
to be used at the Gatun Dam site.
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๊ฐ€ํˆฐ ๋Œ ๊ฑด์„ค์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
Construction was only half the battle.
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๊ฑด์„ค์€ ๊ณ ์ƒ๊ธธ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
Leading army officials struggled to maintain infrastructure and sanitation,
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๊ตฐ ์ˆ˜๋‡Œ๋ถ€๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ์„ค๊ณผ ์œ„์ƒ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์• ์ผ์ง€๋งŒ
04:33
but accidents and diseases took the lives of 5,000 workersโ€”
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์‚ฌ๊ณ ์™€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ 5,000๋ช…์˜ ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:38
mostly Black Caribbean migrants.
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๊ทธ์ค‘ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์นด๋ฆฌ๋ธŒํ•ด์˜ ํ‘์ธ ์ด์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
Then, in the fall of 1913, the moment finally came.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค 1913๋…„ ๊ฐ€์„, ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:45
A telegraph signal from President Woodrow Wilson triggered a dike explosion,
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์šฐ๋“œ๋กœ ์œŒ์Šจ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ œ๋ฐฉ์„ ํญํŒŒํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
04:50
flooding the Culebra Cut and joining the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
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์ฟจ๋ ˆ๋ธŒ๋ผ ํ•ด์—ญ์„ ๋ฒ”๋žŒ์‹œ์ผœ ๋Œ€์„œ์–‘๊ณผ ํƒœํ‰์–‘์ด ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:56
Today, nearly 14,000 vessels travel through the isthmus annuallyโ€”
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์•ฝ 14,000 ์ฒ™์˜ ์„ ๋ฐ•์ด ์šดํ•˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ
05:01
each in under 12 hours.
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์ง€ํ˜‘์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ 12์‹œ๊ฐ„๋„ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
The canal remains Panamaโ€™s chief source of revenue;
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์ด ์šดํ•˜๋Š” ํŒŒ๋‚˜๋งˆ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์ˆ˜์ž…์›์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
05:06
and since the country gained ownership of the passage in 1999,
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1999๋…„์— ํŒŒ๋‚˜๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์„ ์–ป์œผ๋ฉด์„œ
05:11
it has also become a source of national pride.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ์ž๋ถ€์‹ฌ์˜ ์›์ฒœ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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