There may be extraterrestrial life in our solar system - Augusto Carballido

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2019-06-20 ・ TED-Ed


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There may be extraterrestrial life in our solar system - Augusto Carballido

523,481 views ・ 2019-06-20

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Christina Hang A Kim κ²€ν† : Won Jang
00:06
Deep in our solar system,
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우리 νƒœμ–‘κ³„ 곳곳에,
00:08
a new era of space exploration is unfolding.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ νƒν—˜μ˜ μ‹œλŒ€κ°€ 열리고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:12
Beneath the thick ice of Europa,
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유러파의 λ‘κΊΌμš΄ μ–ΌμŒ μ•„λž˜,
00:15
in the vapor plumes on Enceladus,
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μ—”μ…€λΌλ‘μŠ€ 수증기 κΈ°λ‘₯ μ•ˆμ—,
00:17
and within the methane lakes of Titan,
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그리고 νƒ€μ΄νƒ„μ˜ 메탄 호수 μ†μ—μ„œ
00:20
astrobiologists are on the hunt for extraterrestrial life.
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κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€ 외계생λͺ…체λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„λ‹€λ‹ˆκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
We’ve honed in on these three moons because each is an β€˜ocean world,’
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우린 이 μ„Έ μœ„μ„±λ“€μ— μ—΄κ΄‘ν•΄μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ 이듀이 'λ°”λ‹€ 세계'이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ—μš”,
00:30
an environment that contains a liquid ocean–
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이 ν™˜κ²½λ“€μ€ μ•‘μ²΄λ‘œ 된 λ°”λ‹€λ₯Ό ν™˜κ²½μœΌλ‘œ 가지고 있으며
00:33
and liquid can support the formation of life.
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μ•‘μ²΄λŠ” 생λͺ…체가 탄생할 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ λ•μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:37
Living organisms have to be able to grow, reproduce, and feed themselves,
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무엇보닀 생λͺ…μ²΄λŠ” 자라고, μž¬μƒμ‚°ν•˜κ³ , κ·Έλ“€ 슀슀둜λ₯Ό 먹일 수 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€,
00:42
among other things.
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00:44
All of those functions require the formation of complex molecules
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이런 κΈ°λŠ₯듀을 μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ”
더 기본적인 κ΅¬μ„±μš”μ†Œλ“€λ‘œ 이루어진 λ³΅μž‘ν•œ λΆ„μžν˜•νƒœκ°€ ν•„μš”ν•˜μ§€μš”.
00:48
from more basic components.
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00:50
Liquids such as water allow chemical compounds to remain in suspension
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λ¬Όκ³Ό 같은 μ•‘μ²΄λŠ”
화합물듀이 쀑λ ₯에 μ˜ν•΄ 가라앉지 μ•Šκ³  λ–  μžˆμ„ 수 있게 ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
instead of sinking under the force of gravity.
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00:58
This enables them to interact frequently in a 3-dimensional space and,
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덕뢄에 화합물듀은 3차원 κ³΅κ°„μ—μ„œ μˆ˜μ‹œλ‘œ μƒν˜Έμž‘μš© ν•  수 있고
01:03
in the right conditions,
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μ μ ˆν•œ 쑰건이 주어진닀면
01:04
go through chemical reactions that lead to the formation of living matter.
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ν™”ν•™λ°˜μ‘λ“€μ„ 거치게 λ˜μ–΄μ„œ 생λͺ…체λ₯Ό ν˜•μ„± ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:09
That alone isn’t enough;
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이 ν•˜λ‚˜λ§ŒμœΌλ‘  λΆˆμΆ©λΆ„ν•˜μ£ ;
01:12
the small but complex biomolecules that we’re familiar with
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μš°λ¦¬λ“€μ—κ²Œ μΉœμˆ™ν•œ μž‘μ§€λ§Œ λ³΅μž‘ν•œ μƒλ¬ΌλΆ„μžλ“€μ€
01:16
are sensitive to temperatureβ€”
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μ˜¨λ„μ— λ―Όκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€β€”
01:18
too hot or cold, and they won’t mix.
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λ„ˆλ¬΄ λœ¨κ²κ±°λ‚˜ λ„ˆλ¬΄ μ°¨κ°€μš°λ©΄, 이듀은 μ„žμ΄μ§ˆ μ•Šμ£ .
01:21
Liquid water has an additional advantage
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μ•‘μ²΄μ˜ 물은 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μž₯점이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:24
in that it’s relatively temperature-stable,
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μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ μ˜¨λ„μ— μ•ˆμ •μ μ΄μ£ .
01:26
meaning it can insulate molecules against large shifts in heat.
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즉 큰 μ˜¨λ„ λ³€ν™”μ†μ—μ„œλ„ λΆ„μžλ“€μ„ λ‹¨μ—΄μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:31
On Earth, these and other conditions in aquatic environments
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μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ 이런 쑰건듀을 λΉ„λ‘―ν•œ μˆ˜μ€‘ ν™˜κ²½ 속 λ‹€λ₯Έ 상황듀 덕뢄에
01:35
may have supported the emergence of life billions of years ago.
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μˆ˜μ‹­μ–΅λ…„ μ „ 생λͺ…체가 νƒ„μƒν–ˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
Tantalizingly, the same could be true in other parts of our solar system,
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ νƒœμ–‘κ³„ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ³³μ—μ„œλ„ 같은 일이 일어났을 수 μžˆκ² μ§€μš”.
01:44
like these three icy moons.
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μ–ΌμŒμœΌλ‘œ 된 이 μ„Έ μœ„μ„±λ“€μ²˜λŸΌ 말이죠.
01:48
Europa, which is a moon of Jupiter,
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λͺ©μ„±μ˜ μœ„μ„±μΈ μœ λŸ¬νŒŒλŠ”
01:50
is probably the most intriguing ocean world.
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ κ°€μž₯ ν₯미둜운 λ°”λ‹€ 세계일 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
Beneath a surface layer of ice thicker than Mount Everest,
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μ—λ² λ ˆμŠ€νŠΈ 산보닀 λ‘κΊΌμš΄ μ–ΌμŒν‘œλ©΄ μ•„λž˜μ—λŠ”
01:57
there exists a liquid ocean as much as 100 kilometers deep.
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100 ν‚¬λ‘œλ―Έν„° 깊이의 λ°”λ‹€κ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:02
Astrobiologists think this hidden ocean could harbor life.
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외계생λͺ…ν•™μžλ“€μ€ 이 μˆ¨κ²¨μ§„ 바닀에 생λͺ…체가 μžˆμ„ 것이라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
Thanks to the Galileo probe,
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탐사선 갈리레였 덕뢄에
02:08
we can deduce that its potential salt content
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이 λ°”λ‹€μ˜ 잠재적인 μ†ŒκΈˆν•¨λŸ‰μ΄
02:11
is similar to that of some lakes on Earth.
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μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ λͺ‡λͺ‡ ν˜Έμˆ˜λ“€κ³Ό λΉ„μŠ·ν•  κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μΆ”μΈ‘ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:14
But most of its characteristics will be a mystery until we can explore it further.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 μœ„μ„±μ˜ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ νŠΉμ§•λ“€μ„ μ•Œμ•„λ‚΄λ €λ©΄ 더 λ§Žμ€ νƒν—˜μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:19
Like Jupiter, Saturn also has moons that might have the right conditions for life.
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λͺ©μ„±μ²˜λŸΌ ν† μ„± λ˜ν•œ 생λͺ…체에 μ ν•©ν•œ 쑰건을 가진 μœ„μ„±μ„ κ°–κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
For instance– Enceladus is a tiny ball of ice that’s small enough to nestle
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예λ₯Ό 듀어– μ—”μ…€λΌλ‘μŠ€λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό μž‘μ€ μ–ΌμŒ 곡으둜
λ©•μ‹œμ½” κ±Έν”„ 지역 ν‘œλ©΄μ— μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ μ•ˆμ°©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” ν¬κΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
within the surface area of the Gulf of Mexico.
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02:33
Similarly to Europa, it likely contains an ocean deep under the ice.
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μœ λŸ¬νŒŒμ™€ λΉ„μŠ·ν•˜κ²Œ μ–ΌμŒ μ•„λž˜ κΉŠμ€ λ°”λ‹€λ₯Ό κ°–κ³  μžˆμ„ κ°€λŠ₯성이 있죠.
02:38
But Enceladus also has geysers
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—”μ…€λΌλ‘μŠ€μ—λŠ” κ°„ν—μ²œλ„ μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
02:41
that frequently vent water vapor and tiny ice grains into space.
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μˆ˜μ¦κΈ°μ™€ μž‘μ€ μ–ΌμŒ μ•Œκ°±μ΄κ°€ 자주 우주둜 λΏœμ–΄μ Έλ‚˜μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:46
Astrobiologists are curious about whether these geysers
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외계생λͺ…ν•™μžλ“€μ€ 이 κ°„ν—μ²œμ΄ μ•„λž˜μ— μžˆλŠ” 바닀와 연결이 λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€
02:50
are connected to the ocean below.
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맀우 κΆκΈˆν•΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:52
They hope to send a probe to test whether the geysers’ plumes of vapor
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탐사선을 λ³΄λ‚΄μ„œ 이 κ°„ν—μ²œμ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜¨ μˆ˜μ¦κΈ°μ—
02:56
contain life-enabling material from that hidden sea.
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μˆ¨κ²¨μ§„ 바닀에 ν¬ν•¨λœ 생λͺ…체λ₯Ό ν‚€μ›Œλ‚Ό λ¬Όμ§ˆλ“€μ΄ μžˆλŠ”μ§€ ν™•μΈν•˜κ³ μ‹Άμ–΄ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:01
Although it’s the best known substance for nurturing life,
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비둝 물이 생λͺ…을 μœ μ§€ν•˜λŠ” κ°€μž₯ 잘 μ•Œλ €μ§„ λ¬Όμ§ˆμ΄μ§€λ§Œ
03:04
water isn’t necessarily the only medium that can support living things.
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생λͺ…체 μœ μ§€μ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œ μœ μΌν•œ λ¬Όμ§ˆμ€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
Take Titan, Saturn’s largest moon,
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ν† μ„±μ˜ κ°€μž₯ 큰 μœ„μ„±μΈ 타이탄을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
03:12
which has a thick nitrogen atmosphere
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이 μœ„μ„±μ€ λ‘κΊΌμš΄ μ§ˆμ†Œ λŒ€κΈ°λ₯Ό 가지며
03:14
containing methane and many other organic molecules.
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κ·Έ λŒ€κΈ°λŠ” 메탄과 μ—¬λŸ¬ λ‹€λ₯Έ 유기 λΆ„μžλ“€λ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ–΄μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:18
Its clouds condense and rain onto Titan’s surface,
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ꡬ름듀이 λͺ¨μ΄κ³  타이탄 ν‘œλ©΄μ— λΉ„λ₯Ό λ‚΄λ €
03:22
sustaining lakes and seas full of liquid methane.
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바닀와 호수λ₯Ό 앑체 λ©”νƒ„μœΌλ‘œ 가득 μ±„μ›λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
This compound’s particular chemistry means it’s not as supportive a medium as water.
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메탄은 특유의 화학적 νŠΉμ„± λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 물만큼 μœ μš©ν•œ λ§€μ²΄λŠ” μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
But, paired with the high quantities of organic material
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ ν•˜λŠ˜μ—μ„œ λΉ„κ°€λ˜μ–΄ λ–¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ” λ‹€λŸ‰μ˜ 유기물질과 합쳐지면
03:35
that also rain down from the sky,
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03:38
these bodies of liquid methane could possibly support unfamiliar life forms.
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이 메탄 μ•‘μ²΄λŠ” μ΅μˆ™μΉ˜ μ•Šμ€ 생λͺ…μ²΄μ˜ 탄생을 λ„μšΈμ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
So what might indicate that life exists on these or other worlds?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ 생λͺ…μ²΄μ˜ 쑴재λ₯Ό μ•”μ‹œν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” μš”μ†Œλ“€μ—λŠ” 어떀것이 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
03:49
If it is out there, astrobiologists speculate that it would be microscopic,
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외계생λͺ…ν•™μžλ“€μ€ 생λͺ…체가 μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ 이듀은 맀우 λ―Έμ„Έν•œ 크기이며
03:54
comparable to the bacteria we have on earth.
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μ§€κ΅¬μƒμ˜ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„μ™€ λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 크기일 것이라고 μΆ”μΈ‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:57
This would make it difficult to directly observe from a great distance,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 이듀을 λ¨Όκ±°λ¦¬μ—μ„œ 직접 κ΄€μ°°ν•˜κΈ° μ–΄λ ΅κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
04:01
so astrobiologists seek clues called biosignatures.
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외계생λͺ…ν•™μžλ“€μ€ 생λͺ…μ§€ν‘œλΌ λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 근거듀을 μ°Ύκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:05
Those may be cells, fossils, or mineral traces left behind by living things.
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그듀은 μ•„λ§ˆλ„ 생λͺ…체가 λ‚¨κΈ°λŠ” 세포, 화석, 혹 무기물의 흔적듀이죠.
04:11
And finding any biosignatures will be challenging for many reasons.
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생λͺ…μ§€ν‘œλ“€μ„ μ°ΎλŠ” 것은 μ—¬λŸ¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:16
One of the biggest concerns
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κ°€μž₯ 큰 μ–΄λ €μš΄μ  쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ”
04:18
is to make sure we sterilize our probes extremely thoroughly.
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탐사선듀을 μ™„μ „ν•˜κ²Œ μ‚΄κ· ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:22
Otherwise we could accidentally contaminate ocean worlds
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κ·ΈλŸ¬μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄ μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λ‘œ 이 λ―Έμ§€μ˜ 세계λ₯Ό μ˜€μ—Όμ‹œμΌœ
04:26
with Earth’s own bacteria,
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04:28
which could destroy alien life.
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외계 생λͺ…체λ₯Ό 파괴 ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:31
Titan, Enceladus, and Europa
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타이탄, μ—”μ…€λΌλ‘μŠ€, 그리고 μœ λŸ¬νŒŒλŠ”
04:34
are just three of possibly many ocean worlds that we could explore.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ νƒν—˜ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬ λ°”λ‹€ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ 일뢀뢄일 λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
We already know of several other candidates in our solar system,
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우린 이미 νƒœμ–‘κ³„μ˜ λͺ‡λͺ‡μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ 후보듀을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ§€μš”.
04:42
including Jupiter’s moons Callisto and Ganymede,
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λͺ©μ„±μ˜ μœ„μ„±μΈ μΉΌλ¦¬μŠ€ν† μ™€ κ°€λ‹ˆλ©”λ°,
04:46
Neptune’s Triton, and even Pluto.
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ν•΄μ™•μ„±μ˜ νŠΈλ¦¬ν†€λ„ 있고 λͺ…왕성도 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜μ§€μš”.
04:49
If there’s this much potential for life to exist in our own tiny solar system,
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λ§Œμ•½ 이 μž‘μ€ νƒœμ–‘κ³„μ— μ΄λ§Œν•œ 생λͺ…μ²΄μ˜ μ‘΄μž¬κ°€ μžˆμ„ κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
04:54
what unimagined secrets might the rest of the universe contain?
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이 μš°μ£Όμ— μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 더 μƒμƒμΉ˜ λͺ»ν•  비밀듀이 μžˆλŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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