What happened when these 6 dictators took over? - Stephanie Honchell Smith

778,269 views ใƒป 2024-05-16

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Minnie Min Hee Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:06
According to legend, the ancient Roman statesman Cincinnatus
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์ „์„ค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด,
๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๋กœ๋งˆ์˜ ์ •์น˜๊ฐ€์ธ ์‹ ์‹œ๋‚˜ํˆฌ์Šค๋Š” ๋ฐญ์„ ๊ฐˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
00:10
was plowing his fields when news arrived that the Aequi,
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๋กœ๋งˆ ๋™์ชฝ์˜ ๊ฐ•์ ์ธ ์•„์ดํ‚ค ์กฑ์ด ์นจ๊ณตํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์†Œ์‹์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
Romeโ€™s powerful enemy to the east, had invaded.
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00:17
Rome was in need of swift, decisive action,
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๋กœ๋งˆ์—๋Š” ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹จํ˜ธํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ์—
00:20
and the senate had chosen him to serve as dictator,
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์›๋กœ์›์€ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋…์žฌ์ž๋กœ ์„ ์ถœํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
00:24
with absolute power over the military and government.
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๊ตฐ๊ณผ ์ •๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
Cincinnatus set down his plow, took control and,
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์‹ ์‹œ๋‚˜ํˆฌ์Šค๋Š” ์Ÿ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋†“๊ณ  ํ†ต์ œ๊ถŒ์„ ์žฅ์•…ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
00:31
in a matter of weeks, saved Rome.
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๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ๋งŒ์— ๋กœ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
This story reinforces the myth of the โ€œbenevolent dictatorโ€โ€”
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์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ž๋น„๋กœ์šด ๋…์žฌ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ์‹ ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋” ํ‚ค์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
the idea of a leader who holds absolute power,
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๋…์žฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ์ฅ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
00:42
yet only uses it for the common good, to address problems efficiently,
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์˜ค๋กœ์ง€ ๊ณต์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
00:47
and create a just regime.
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์ •์˜๋กœ์šด ์ •๊ถŒ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
But can a truly benevolent dictator exist in todayโ€™s world?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋น„๋กœ์šด ๋…์žฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
00:54
Nations established modern democracies to safeguard
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ฆฝํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ํŒŒ๊ดด์  ๋ณ€๋•์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
against the potentially destructive whims of a single individual.
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01:04
When functioning properly, democracies enable a society to be freer,
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ๋” ์ž์œ ๋กœ์›Œ์ง€๊ณ 
01:08
and provide stability by protecting against corruption and the abuse of power.
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๋ถ€ํŒจ์™€ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ ๋‚จ์šฉ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•ด์„œ ์•ˆ์ •์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
This is accomplished by holding regular, free, and fair elections,
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šฐ๋ฉฐ ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ,
01:19
imposing term limits,
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์ž„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๊ณ ,
01:20
and establishing strong legislative branches and court systems.
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๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ž…๋ฒ•๋ถ€์™€ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
Maintaining a free press also helps keep politicians accountable for their actions
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์–ธ๋ก ์˜ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์ด ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฑ…์ž„์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:31
and encourages citizens to engage in their governments and communities.
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์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
In a dictatorship, absolute or near-absolute power
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๋…์žฌ ์ฒด์ œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„
01:39
is held by a single individual
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ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ์ฅ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
01:41
who is free to impose their vision on society.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
Under certain conditions, the idea of a dictator can sound appealing,
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ํŠน์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋…์žฌ ์ •๊ถŒ์ด ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
like when a democracy isn't functioning as it should due to corruption,
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์˜ˆ์ปจ๋Œ€, ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ธ๋ฐ,
๋ถ€ํŒจ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •, ๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ์ •์น˜์  ์–‘๊ทนํ™” ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
economic instability, or extreme political polarization.
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01:56
At these moments,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ 
01:58
people may be willing to give up some democratic rights and freedoms
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02:02
for hopes of a better future.
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํฌ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
Authoritarian-leaning leaders present themselves
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๊ถŒ์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ
02:07
as the ones who can fix everything.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์„ ์ „ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
They distill complex problems into simple talking points
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฅธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์•ฝ์†ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
and promise quick solutions.
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02:14
Some of the most overt authoritarian leaders have taken this strategy,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋…ธ๊ณจ์ ์ธ ๊ถŒ์œ„์ฃผ์˜์  ์ง€๋„์ž ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ „๋žต์„ ์ทจํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
02:18
including military dictators who seized control through coups
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์ฟ ๋ฐํƒ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ†ต์ œ๊ถŒ์„ ์žฅ์•…ํ•œ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ๋…์žฌ์ž๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
like Augusto Pinochet, Mobuto Sese Seko, and Muammar Gaddafi.
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ํ”ผ๋…ธ์ฒดํŠธ, ๋ชจ๋ถ€ํ† , ์นด๋‹คํ”ผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
02:27
Gaddafi, for example, initially asserted himself as a revolutionary hero,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์นด๋‹คํ”ผ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์ž์‹ ์„ ํ˜๋ช…์  ์˜์›…์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด์„ธ์› ๊ณ ,
02:32
canceling the country's exploitative foreign oil contracts.
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๋ฆฌ๋น„์•„๋ฅผ ์ฐฉ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ด์™ธ ์„์œ  ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ์ทจ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
But the longer he was in power, the more riddled with paranoia he became.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง‘๊ถŒ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ธธ์–ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ”ผํ•ด๋ง์ƒ์— ์‹œ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
Like Pinochet and Mobuto, he used his position to target and torture opponents,
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ํ”ผ๋…ธ์ฒดํŠธ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๋ถ€ํ† ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์ง€์œ„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ž๋“ค์„ ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•„ ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ ,
02:46
embark on campaigns of mass violence against everyday people,
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์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ํญ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ ,
02:50
and build an enormous personal fortune.
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๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ ์Œ“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
Other modern dictators were initially elected democratically,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๋…์žฌ์ž๋“ค๋„ ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€,
02:57
then strategically accumulated power by embracing authoritarian forms of control.
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๊ถŒ์œ„์ฃผ์˜์  ํ†ต์ œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์จ์„œ ์ „๋žต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:02
Italyโ€™s Benito Mussolini and Germanyโ€™s Adolf Hitler, for example,
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์˜ˆ์ผ ๋Œ€, ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ๋ฒ ๋‹ˆํ†  ๋ฌด์†”๋ฆฌ๋‹ˆ์™€ ๋…์ผ์˜ ์•„๋Œํ”„ ํžˆํ‹€๋Ÿฌ๋Š”
03:07
gained popularity during waves of mass discontent.
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๋Œ€์ค‘์˜ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์ด ํŒฝ๋ฐฐํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
Both channeled economic woes into racist rhetoric and embraced fascism,
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๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„๊ณผ ํŒŒ์‹œ์ฆ˜์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
a type of authoritarianism which exalts the importance of one nation, or race,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ถŒ์œ„์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์ผ์ข…์œผ๋กœ
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์ธ์ข…๋ณด๋‹ค ์–ด๋–ค ํ•œ ๋ฏผ์กฑ ๋˜๋Š” ์ธ์ข…์„ ์ค‘์‹œํ•˜์ฃ .
03:21
above all others.
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03:23
Once in office, such leaders gradually dismantle checks on their power,
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๋…์žฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ์žก๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฌ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์ฒดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:27
including removing judges who might rule against them,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•œ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์ž„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
03:31
abolishing term limits,
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์ž„๊ธฐ ์ œํ•œ์„ ํ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
03:32
or refusing to acknowledge unfavorable election results.
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๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์„ ๊ฑฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
Since they punish dissenting voices,
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๋…์žฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:39
dictators are often surrounded with yes-men,
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๊ฐ„์‹ ๋“ค๋กœ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
who are promoted based on loyalty over expertise,
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๊ฐ„์‹ ๋“ค์€ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ถฉ์„ฑ์‹ฌ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์Šน์ง„ํ•˜์—ฌ
03:45
ultimately wreaking incalculable economic, social, and environmental costs.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํ—ค์•„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ , ์‚ฌํšŒ์ , ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
But these costs can also be hidden from view.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ๋„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ์ˆจ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
Dictators build up cults of personality by minimizing negative coverage
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๋…์žฌ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ธ๊ฒฉ ์ˆญ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ทจ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:59
and pushing positive propaganda that presents them as strong or heroic.
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜์›…์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ ์ „์„ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋ถ™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
This can make it almost impossible to accurately measure their success.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
Did Mussolini really make the trains run on time?
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๋ฌด์†”๋ฆฌ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์—ด์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ •์‹œ์— ์šดํ–‰ํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:11
Itโ€™s hard to know, since he would have punished those who said otherwise.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
While some modern dictators have brought modest growth
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์ผ๋ถ€ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๋…์žฌ์ž๋“ค์€
์ž๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€ ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ์–ด๋А ์ •๋„ ์„ฑ์žฅ์‹œ์ผฐ์ง€๋งŒ
04:19
to their nationโ€™s economies and industries,
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04:21
most have enriched the few and left widespread destruction in their wake.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์†Œ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ’์š”๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
Even so-called benevolent dictators, whose regimes lacked overt violence,
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์ž๋น„๋กœ์šด ๋…์žฌ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๊ถŒ์— ๋…ธ๊ณจ์ ์ธ ํญ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์–ด๋„,
04:30
stand accused of censoring journalists
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ธ๋ก ์ธ์„ ๊ฒ€์—ดํ•˜๊ณ 
04:33
and limiting the rights and freedoms of citizens.
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์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋น„๋‚œ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
Back to ancient Rome.
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๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๋กœ๋งˆ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
04:38
Perhaps the most important dimension
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์ž๋น„๋กœ์šด ๋…์žฌ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‹ ์‹œ๋‚˜ํˆฌ์Šค์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€
04:40
of Cincinnatusโ€™ legendary benevolent dictatorship
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04:43
is not that he held total power,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
04:46
but that he gave it up after only 16 days.
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๊ฒจ์šฐ 16์ผ ๋งŒ์— ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
Once Rome was safe, he stepped down and retired to his fields.
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๋กœ๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์‚ฌํ•ด์ง€์ž ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ ๋ฐญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
His willingness to relinquish control to the senate was as important
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์›๋กœ์›์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ํž˜์„ ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ๋„˜๊ฒจ์ฃผ๋ ค๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์˜์ง€๋Š”
05:00
to the common good as his ability to fend off invaders.
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์นจ๋žต์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์น˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณต์ต์— ์ค‘์š”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
In practice, no modern dictator has lived up to this ideal.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ๋…์žฌ์ž ์ค‘ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์ƒ์— ๋ถ€์‘ํ•œ ์ž๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
Dictators donโ€™t willingly walk away from power,
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๋…์žฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ๋‚ด๋ ค๋†“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:11
they continuously crave more.
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๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐˆ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
Thatโ€™s why institutions that provide checks on leaders must be safeguarded:
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๋„์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฒฌ์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์„ ์ง€์ผœ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
in the hands of an aspiring dictator,
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์•ผ์‹ฌ์— ๋ถˆํƒ€๋Š” ๋…์žฌ์ž์˜ ์†์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด
05:21
even seemingly robust democracies
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๊ตณ๊ฑดํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์กฐ์ฐจ๋„
05:24
can sink into repressive, authoritarian regimes.
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์–ต์••์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ถŒ์œ„์ฃผ์˜์ ์ธ ์ •๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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