Humans are all almost exactly the same... almost - Greg Foot

221,117 views ใƒป 2023-05-09

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Hyeryung Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : ๊ด€์›… ๋ฌธ
00:07
Medical science has a problemโ€” itโ€™s missing something.
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์˜ํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ„๊ณผ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:10
Something that means that not only is it harder to find
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์งˆ๋ณ‘์€ ๊ทธ ์›์ธ์„ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค์–ด์ ธ์„œ
00:13
the causes of some diseasesโ€”
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00:15
and effective ways to treat themโ€”
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์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ๋„ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ 
00:17
some diseases are getting overlooked entirely.
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์–ด๋–ค ์งˆ๋ณ‘๋“ค์€ ์•„์˜ˆ ๋†“์น˜๊ณ  ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
00:20
It turns out what itโ€™s missing could be youโ€”
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋†“์น˜๊ณ  ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
00:24
but Iโ€™ll get to that in a bit.
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๊ทธ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ž ์‹œ ํ›„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•˜์ฃ .
00:26
Because first, a story.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€, ์—„๋ฐ€ํžˆ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
00:28
Or 8 billion stories, to be precise.
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80์–ต ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ๋จผ์ € ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:31
See, our DNA is our body's instruction manual, sure.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” DNA๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์˜ ์„ค๋ช…์„œ์ธ ๋™์‹œ์—
00:35
But itโ€™s also a history book that records our own, unique genetic story.
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ํ•œ ๊ถŒ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ฑ…๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฐ™์•„์„œ
๊ฐ์ž๋งŒ์˜ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์œ ์ „์  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ด๊ฒจ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
All our stories begin around 300,000 years ago
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์•ฝ 30๋งŒ ๋…„ ์ „,
์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
when humans arose in Africa.
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00:45
Some genetic stories tell of leaving a couple of hundred thousand years later,
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์–ด๋–ค ์œ ์ „์  ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ช‡์‹ญ๋งŒ ๋…„ ํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด
00:49
journeying into Europe, East Asia, or the Americas.
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ, ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„ ํ˜น์€ ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด๋กœ์˜ ์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์ด๋™์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ 
00:52
Some genetic stories speak of expanding empires.
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์–ด๋–ค ์œ ์ „์  ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ œ๊ตญ์˜ ํ™•์žฅ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
Others the diseases we evolved to ward off,
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๋˜, ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด๋‚˜
01:00
and some the simple act of settling down, raising cattle, and drinking their milk.
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์ •์ฐฉํ•ด ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ณ , ์šฐ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€
๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ƒํ™œ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:05
Each of our genetic stories are different,
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์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์œ ์ „์  ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
but maybe not as different as you might expect.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ณด๋‹จ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:10
We share 99.9% of our DNA with each other.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ DNA๋Š” 99.9%๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:15
Our stories are 99.9% identical,
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๊ทธ ์œ ์ „์  ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋„ 99.9% ๋™์ผํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
01:18
but that 0.1% difference is incredibly powerful.
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ 0.1%์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋†€๋ž๋„๋ก ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
In that tiny difference between our genetic stories
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๊ทธ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ์œ ์ „์  ์ฐจ์ด ์•ˆ์—
01:25
is where we have the potential to develop better treatments for diseasesโ€”
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ• ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋‹จ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์ˆจ์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
treatments that work for everyone.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ• ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:31
But medical science isnโ€™t currently reading all those stories.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ํ•™์€ ์•„์ง ์ „ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์–ด๋‚ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
To explain let me tell you how researchers work out the causes of diseases,
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์šฐ์„ , ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ์›์ธ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ
01:41
and develop and test the effectiveness and safety of new treatments.
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๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
01:45
To find out the causes of a particular disease,
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ํŠน์ • ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ์›์ธ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:47
researchers find lots of people who have that condition
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ™˜์ž ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด์„œ
01:51
and comb through their genetic stories.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์œ ์ „์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋‚ฑ๋‚ฑ์ด ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
They look for little variations they shareโ€”
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ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ด,
01:55
little bits of their DNA stories that are spelt differently.
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์ฆ‰, DNA์˜ ์„œ์—ด์ด ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:59
If they find some, then they try all sorts of different ways
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๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋ฉด, ๊ทธ ๋ณ€์ด์— ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋งŒํ•œ
02:02
of dealing with the effect of them.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
And if that uncovers something that looks promising,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์œ ๋งํ•œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋ฉด,
02:06
they then run a clinical trial to see if it actually is.
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์‹คํšจ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž„์ƒ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
In phase one, a small group of volunteers try the treatment.
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1๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์ง€์›์ž๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
Well, often only half of them do,
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๋ณดํ†ต, ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:16
with the other half getting a placebo that does absolutely nothing.
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด ํšจ๊ณผ๋„ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฐ€์งœ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์ฃ .
02:20
If there arenโ€™t any notable side effects at the target dose,
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๋ชฉํ‘œ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๋Š” ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
02:23
the treatment is cleared to move on to the next stage of the clinical trial.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ž„์ƒ ์‹œํ—˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
Phase two, this time with a bigger group of participants
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2๋‹จ๊ณ„์—๋Š”, ์ด ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋˜๋Š”
02:30
who all have the condition the researchers hope the drug will treat.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
If the drug appears effective, it moves on to phase three,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉด, 3๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
with more participants trying it for even longer.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด ๋” ์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์‹œํ—˜์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์ฃ .
02:41
Only after all this is the new treatment then reviewed
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•œ ๋’ค์—์•ผ ์ƒˆ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์ด ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋˜๊ณ ,
02:45
andโ€” hopefullyโ€” approved for use by us, the general population.
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์Šน์ธ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ์ธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
But there's a problem with it.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
Here is the ethnicity of lots and lots of people used to recently find
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์™ผ์ชฝ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ์›์ธ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ๋•Œ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜
02:57
the causes of various diseases.
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์ธ์ข… ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
And here is how that compares to the ethnic diversity
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์€ ์ด์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ
์‹ค์ œ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์— ๊ฐ ์ธ์ข…์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์ฃ .
03:02
of the worldโ€™s population.
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03:04
Spot the difference?
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์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
03:06
The genetic stories that researchers are combing through are heavily biased
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ •๋ฐ€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ์œ ์ „์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด
03:10
to those of people from European descent.
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ธ ์ชฝ์— ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
Which means that if youโ€™re searching
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์ฆ‰, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•ฝ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
03:14
for those disease-causing bits of DNA to target new drugs against,
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DNA์—์„œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ,
03:18
and you're mainly reading the stories of people of European descent,
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์ฃผ๋กœ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋งŒ ๋‚˜์˜จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
you might completely overlook key bits in the stories
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธ์ข…์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ
03:25
of other diverse groups that tell of, say,
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03:27
a changed risk of disease or even shed light on how a disease occursโ€”
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๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ, ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ ์›์ธ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๋†“์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ฃ .
03:32
for example, scientists may not have found the mutation
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์˜ˆ์ปจ๋Œ€, ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด
์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ธ ํ˜ˆํ†ต์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค๋งŒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:35
that causes sickle cell disorder
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03:37
if weโ€™d only looked in the stories of people of European descent.
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๊ฒธ์ƒ ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์›์ธ์ธ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
And the thing is, what medical science is missing doesn't end there.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์˜ํ•™์ด ๋†“์น˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
When new treatments or medical devices are being tested,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์ด๋‚˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
03:48
they need to be tested on everyone that may use them.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์‹œํ—˜์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
If the genetic stories involved donโ€™t reflect the breadth of stories
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์œ ์ „์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
03:55
in our worldwide library then, again, something might be missed.
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๋˜๋‹ค์‹œ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋†“์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
Take, for example, the medicine Warfarin; used to prevent blood clots.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํ˜ˆ์ „์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ์•ฝ์ธ ์™€ํŒŒ๋ฆฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
04:03
Researchers have found that, to produce the same effect,
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด ์•ฝ์ด ๋™์ผํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋ฉด
04:06
most people of East Asian descent need a lower dose
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๋™๋‚จ์•„์‹œ์•„์ธ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„
๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ธ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ์€ ์–‘์„ ๋ณต์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด,
04:08
than some people of European descent,
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04:11
and most people of African ethnicity need a larger dose.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ธ์€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•จ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:14
Which means the dose that works best for someone
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์ฆ‰, ๊ฐ™์€ ์•ฝ์ด๋ผ๋„ ์ธ์ข…์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
04:17
may vary according to their ethnicity.
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์ ์ • ๋ณต์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:19
Itโ€™s this kind of important information that can be missed if clinical trials
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์ž„์ƒ ์‹œํ—˜์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ธ์ข…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํญ๋„“๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
04:23
donโ€™t include people from across a range of ethnicities.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋†“์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
So whatโ€™s the solution?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
04:29
Well, itโ€™s quite simple... in theory.
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ํ•ด๋‹ต์€ ๊ฝค ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”์š”.
04:32
In order to develop treatments that work better for everyone,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
04:36
we need to involve everyoneโ€™s stories in medical researchโ€”
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์˜ํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
in the early stage research, in the drug development process,
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ์‹ ์•ฝ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ
04:43
and right through the clinical trial.
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์ž„์ƒ ์‹œํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผ์ •์—์š”.
04:45
The good news is that more and more people are thinking about this.
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„, ์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
For example, cancer researchers at University College London
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์œ ๋‹ˆ๋ฒ„์‹œํ‹ฐ ์นผ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์˜ ์•” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€
04:52
researching genetic markers for cancer want to analyze tissue samples
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์•”์˜ ์œ ์ „์  ํ‘œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ธ์ข…์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป์–ด๋‚ธ
04:56
from a wide range of ethnicities so that the biomarkers of cancer they identify
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์กฐ์ง ํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ ํญ๋„“๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•” ํ‘œ์ง€์ž๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
will be relevant for people from as many ethnicities as possible.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ธ์ข…์ด ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:04
Bottom line: medical science needs to ensure
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ์˜ํ•™๊ณ„๊ฐ€
05:06
itโ€™s got the best library it can haveโ€”
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์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋„“์€ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ์œ ์ „์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์—ฌ
05:09
the one with the widest collection of genetic stories possible,
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05:12
so that everyoneโ€™s story can be consideredโ€”
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ์ข…์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
including yours.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ์š”.
05:17
That is the only way to ensure everyone, everywhere
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋””์„œ๋“ 
05:20
can get the best medical treatment they possibly can.
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์ตœ์„ ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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