The last living members of an extinct species - Jan Stejskal

1,089,551 views ใƒป 2020-08-13

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:06
In the savannahs of Kenya, two female northern white rhinos, Nรกjin and Fatu,
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์ผ€๋ƒ ์‚ฌ๋ฐ”๋‚˜์—์„œ
์•”์ปท ๋ถ๋ถ€ ํฐ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ ๋‚˜์˜Œ๊ณผ ํŒŒํˆฌ๊ฐ€
00:12
munch contentedly on the grass.
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ํ•œ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ด ํ’€์„ ๋œฏ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
At the time of this videoโ€™s publication,
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์ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์—
00:18
these are the last two known northern white rhinos left on Earth.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์€ ๋ถ๋ถ€ ํฐ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
Their species is functionally extinctโ€”
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์ด ์ข…์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๋ฉธ์ข…๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
without a male, Nรกjin and Fatu canโ€™t reproduce.
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์ˆ˜์ปท์ด ์—†์–ด์„œ ๋‚˜์˜Œ๊ณผ ํŒŒํˆฌ๋Š” ๋ฒˆ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ฃ .
00:29
And yet, thereโ€™s still hope to revive the northern white rhino.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ถ๋ถ€ ํฐ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ด๋ฆด ํฌ๋ง์ด ์•„์ง ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
How can that be?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
00:36
The story starts about 50 years ago,
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์•ฝ 50๋…„ ์ „์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
when poachers began illegally hunting thousands of rhinos
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๋ฐ€๋ ต๊พผ๋“ค์ด ๋ฟ”์„ ์–ป์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ „์—ญ์—์„œ
00:42
across Africa for their horns.
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์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
This, combined with civil wars in their territory,
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์ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„œ์‹์ง€์—์„œ ๋‚ด์ „๋„ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜
00:48
decimated northern white rhino populations.
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๋ถ๋ถ€ ํฐ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ๋Š” ๋ชฐ์‚ด๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
Concerned conservationists began trying to breed them in captivity in the 1970s,
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์ด๋ฅผ ์—ผ๋ คํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์šด๋™๊ฐ€๋“ค์€
1970๋…„๋Œ€์— ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ์žก์•„ ๊ธธ๋Ÿฌ ๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
collecting and storing semen from males.
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์ˆ˜์ปท์˜ ์ •์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์•„ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:00
Only four rhinos were ultimately born through the ambitious breeding program.
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์ด ์•ผ์‹ฌ์ฐฌ ์‹œ๋„์—์„œ ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ ๋„ค ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ๊ณ 
01:05
Nรกjin, and her daughter Fatu were the last two.
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์—„๋งˆ ๋‚˜์˜Œ๊ณผ ๋”ธ ํŒŒํˆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‚จ์€ ๋‘ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
In 2014, conservationists discovered that neither can have a calf.
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2014๋…„, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์šด๋™๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ด๋“ค์ด ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
Though Nรกjin gave birth to Fatu, she now has weak hindlegs,
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๋‚˜์˜Œ์€ ํŒŒํˆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๊ธด ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ๋’ท๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝํ•ด์ ธ
01:19
which could harm her health if she became pregnant again.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ž„์‹ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ด ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
Fatu, meanwhile, has a degenerated uterine lining.
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ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒํˆฌ๋Š” ์ž๊ถ ๋‚ด๋ฒฝ์ด ์•ฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
Then, the last northern white rhino male of the species, Sudan, died in 2018.
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ˆ˜์ปท ๋ถ๋ถ€ ํฐ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ์ธ
์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€ 2018๋…„์— ์ฃฝ์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:34
But there was one glimmer of hope: artificial reproduction.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ ์ค„๊ธฐ ํฌ๋ง์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ธ๊ณต ์ˆ˜์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
With no living males and no females able to carry a pregnancy,
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์ˆ˜์ปท๋„ ์—†๊ณ  ์ž„์‹ ์„ ํ•  ์•”์ปท๋„ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
01:42
this is a complicated and risky process to say the least.
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์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ๋ด๋„ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
Though scientists had stored semen, they would have to collect the eggsโ€”
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ •์•ก์€ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋‚œ์ž๋„ ๋ชจ์•„๋‘ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
01:51
a complex procedure that requires a female to be sedated for up to two hours.
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์ด ์‹œ์ˆ ์€ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์ด๊ณ 
์•”์ปท์ด 2์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ •๋„ ์ž ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ง„์ •์ œ๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
Then, theyโ€™d create a viable embryo in the labโ€”
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์ƒ์กด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์•„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:00
something that had never been done before, and no one knew how to do.
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ํ•ด ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์—†๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
Even that was just the beginningโ€”
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒจ์šฐ ์‹œ์ž‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
a surrogate mother of another rhino species
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์ข…์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด
02:10
would have to carry the embryo to term.
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๋ถ„๋งŒ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐฐ์•„๋ฅผ ํ’ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
Females of a closely related species, the southern white rhino,
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๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์นœ์ฒ™ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ธ ๋‚จ๋ถ€ ํฐ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ์˜ ์•”์ปท์ด
02:17
became both the key to developing a rhino embryo in a lab
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ ํƒœ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ด ๋  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:21
and the leading candidates for surrogate mothers.
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๋Œ€๋ฆฌ๋ชจ๋„ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ํ›„๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
Northern and southern white rhinos diverged about a million of years ago
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๋ถ๋ถ€์™€ ๋‚จ๋ถ€ ํฐ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ๋Š” ์•ฝ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋…„ ์ „์— ๊ฐˆ๋ผ์ ธ์„œ
02:29
into separateโ€” though still closely-relatedโ€” species.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ด€๊ณ„์ง€๋งŒ ์„œ๋กœ ์ข…์ด ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
They inhabit different regions, and have slightly different physical traits.
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๊ฐ์ž ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์‚ด๋ฉฐ ์‹ ์ฒด ํŠน์ง•์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ฃ .
02:38
In a fortunate coincidence, several female southern white rhinos
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์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ์šด์ด ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ์•”์ปท ๋‚จ๋ถ€ ํฐ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ ๋ช‡ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
02:42
needed treatment for their own reproductive problems,
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๋‚œ์ž„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
02:45
and researchers could collect eggs as part of that treatment.
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์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์ด ๋‚œ์ž๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์ทจํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
In Dvลฏr Krรกlovรฉ Zoo in October 2015,
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2015๋…„ 10์›”, ๋“œ๋ณด๋ฅด ํฌ๋ผ๋กœ๋ฒ  ๋™๋ฌผ์›์—์„œ
02:53
experts of IZW Berlin began collecting eggs from southern white rhinos
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IZW ๋ฒ ๋ฅผ๋ฆฐ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๋‚จ๋ถ€ ํฐ ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ์˜ ๋‚œ์ž๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•ด์„œ
02:59
and sending them to Avantea, an animal reproduction laboratory in Italy.
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์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ ๋ฒˆ์‹ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค, ์•„๋ฐ˜ํ…Œ์•„๋กœ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
There, scientists developed and perfected a technique to create a viable embryo.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€
์ƒ์กด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์•„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์™„์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
Once they mastered the technique,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ตํžŒ ํ›„์— ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€
03:13
researchers extracted Nรกjin and Fatuโ€™s eggs on August 22, 2019
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2019๋…„ 8์›” 22์ผ์— ๋‚˜์˜Œ๊ณผ ํŒŒํˆฌ์˜ ๋‚œ์ž๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ
03:19
and flew them to Italy.
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์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„๋กœ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
Three days later, they fertilized the eggs with sperm
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3์ผ ๋’ค ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋‚œ์ž๋“ค์„
๋ถ๋ถ€ ํฐ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ ์ •์ž๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ •์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
from a northern white rhino male.
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03:27
After another week, two of the eggs made it to the stage of development
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์ผ์ฃผ์ผ ๋’ค, ๋‚œ์ž๋“ค ์ค‘ 2๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ €๊ณ 
03:32
when the embryo can be frozen and preserved for future.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์•„๋Š” ๋ƒ‰๋™ ๋ณด์กด๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
Another collection in December 2019 produced one more embryo.
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2019๋…„ 12์›”์— ๋ฐฐ์•„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ์–ป์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:41
As of early 2020, the plan is to collect Nรกjin and Fatuโ€™s eggs three times a year
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2020๋…„ ์ดˆ ํ˜„์žฌ, ๋‚˜์˜Œ๊ณผ ํŒŒํˆฌ์˜ ๋‚œ์ž๋ฅผ
๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ด ๋”ฐ๋ผ์ค€๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ•œ ํ•ด์— ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
if theyโ€™re healthy enough.
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03:49
In the meantime, researchers are looking for
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๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€
03:51
promising southern white rhino surrogate mothersโ€”
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์ข‹์€ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๋งŒํ•œ ๋‚จ๋ถ€ ํฐ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
ideally whoโ€™ve carried a pregnancy to term before.
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์ด์ „์— ์ž„์‹ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„๋งŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์•”์ปท์ด ์ด์ƒ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
The surrogacy plan is somewhat of a leap of faithโ€”
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๋Œ€๋ฆฌ ์ถœ์‚ฐ ๊ณ„ํš์€ ์–ด๋А ์ •๋„ ๋ชจํ—˜์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
southern and northern white rhinos have interbred
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๋ถ๋ถ€์™€ ๋‚จ๋ถ€ ํฐ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ต๋ฐฐํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:05
both during the last glacial period and more recently in 1977,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋น™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ๊ทผ์€ 1977๋…„์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
so researchers are optimistic a southern white rhino
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋‚จ๋ถ€ ํฐ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ๊ฐ€
๋ถ๋ถ€ ํฐ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์„œ ๋ถ„๋งŒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‚™๊ด€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
would be able to carry a northern white rhino to term.
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04:17
Also, the two speciesโ€™ pregnancies are the same length.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋‘ ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ์˜ ์ž„์‹  ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
Still, transferring an embryo to a rhino is tricky
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐฐ์•„๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ๋ชจ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ์ฃ .
04:24
because of the shape of the cervix.
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์ž๊ถ ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
The ultimate goal, which will take decades,
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ์ข… ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š”
04:29
is to establish a breeding population of northern white rhinos
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๋ถ๋ถ€ ํฐ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฒˆ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
์›๋ž˜์˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒด ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณต๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
in their original range.
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04:36
Studies suggest that we have samples from enough individuals
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ ์–ป์€ ๊ฐœ์ฒด ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•ด์„œ
04:39
to recreate a population with the genetic diversity the species had a century ago.
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100๋…„ ์ „์˜ ์œ ์ „์  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
Though the specifics of this effort are unique,
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์ด ์ผ์—๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
04:47
as more species face critical endangerment or functional extinction,
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ข…๋“ค์ด ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ๋ฉธ์ข… ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
04:52
itโ€™s also an arena for big questions:
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์ด ๋ถ„์•ผ์—๋Š” ํฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
do we have a responsibility to try to bring species back from the brink,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฒผ๋ž‘ ๋์— ๋ชฐ๋ฆฐ ์ข…๋“ค์„ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:59
especially when human actions brought them there in the first place?
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ํŠนํžˆ ์• ์ดˆ์— ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ–‰๋™์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฒผ๋ž‘ ๋์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฐ์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
05:03
Are there limits to the effort we should expend
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๋ฉธ์ข… ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์—๋Š”
05:06
on saving animals threatened with extinction?
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ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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