How you survive the coldest place on Earth - Nadia Frontier

201,601 views ใƒป 2023-10-10

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: seungman kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Ju-young Moon
00:07
The vast, white ice surface of Antarctica
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๋‚จ๊ทน ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์˜ ํ•˜์–€ ์–ผ์Œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์€
00:10
stretches for over 3 million square kilometers:
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300๋งŒ ์ œ๊ณฑํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ด‘๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŽผ์ณ์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
empty, desolate, and almost completely silent.
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ํ…… ๋น„์–ด์žˆ๊ณ  ํ™ฉ๋Ÿ‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
But appearances can be deceiving.
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๊ฒ‰๋ชจ์Šต์€ ์ด๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๊ด‘ํ™œํ•œ ํ•ด์•ˆ์˜
00:18
On the coast of this expanse,
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00:20
just a few meters beneath the ice lies a multicolored constellation of life.
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์–ผ์Œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ช‡ ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์•„๋ž˜์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์ฑ„๋กœ์šด ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
This remarkably diverse realm is home to over 8,000 species of sea denizens
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๋†€๋ž๋„๋ก ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ด๊ณณ์€ ์ƒ์กด์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ดˆ์ž์—ฐ์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
00:29
who rely on an arsenal of otherworldly traits to survive.
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8,000์ข…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ํ•ด์–‘ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ„ฐ์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
So how do these species not only live, but thrive,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ์ข…๋“ค์€ ๋™๋ฌผ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ฒฌ๋”œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ
00:36
in conditions most animals would be unable to bear?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์กดํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฒˆ์ฐฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
00:40
Antarctic waters are some of the most consistently frigid in the world,
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๋‚จ๊ทน ํ•ด์—ญ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์šด ๊ณณ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋ฉฐ,
00:44
hovering below 0 degrees Celsius for a large portion of the year.
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์ผ ๋…„ ์ค‘ ์ƒ๋‹น ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์„ญ์”จ 0๋„ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
This means burning energy too quickly can be deadly,
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์ฆ‰, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์†Œ๋ชจํ•˜๋ฉด ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
00:51
so survival in this ecosystem looks slow and steady.
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์ด ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์—์„œ์˜ ์ƒ์กด์€ ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
Freezing temperatures persist even in the summer,
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์—ฌ๋ฆ„์—๋„ ์˜ํ•˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์˜จ์ด ๊ณ„์†๋˜์ง€๋งŒ
00:58
but this season brings a rare gift: sunlight.
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์ด๋•Œ๋Š” ๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋“œ๋ฌธ ์„ ๋ฌผ์ด ์ฐพ์•„์˜ค์ฃ . ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ–‡๋น›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
For a brief period, itโ€™s abundant,
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์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด์ง€๋งŒ ํ’์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ
01:03
shining through the ice for 24 hours a day.
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์–ผ์Œ ์†์„ ๋น„์ถฅ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
This infusion of energy drives intense coastal phytoplankton blooms,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์Ÿ์•„์ ธ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ํ•ด์•ˆ ์‹๋ฌผ์„ฑ ํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค์„
01:11
transforming the waters into a thick green soup.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฒˆ์‹์‹œ์ผœ์„œ ๋ฐ”๋‹ท๋ฌผ์„ ์ง„ํ•œ ๋…น์ƒ‰ ์ˆ˜ํ”„๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
Marine life both large and small takes advantage of this bounty,
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚จ๊ทน ๋“ฑ๊ฐ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ
01:18
including the giant Antarctic isopod.
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ํฌ๊ณ  ์ž‘์€ ํ•ด์–‘ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์ž์›์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
Cousins of the humble pill bug,
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๋ณด์ž˜๊ฒƒ์—†๋Š” ์•Œ์•ฝ ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ดŒ์ธ
01:23
these crustaceans can reach up to 11 centimeters long,
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์ด ๊ฐ‘๊ฐ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 11cm์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ฉฐ
01:26
and they never miss the opportunity for a meal.
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๋จน์ž‡๊ฐ์„ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๋†“์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
The scavengers eat a wide variety of prey, including other giant isopods.
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์ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์ฒญ์†Œ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์žก์•„๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
And by slowing their metabolisms, they can make this food last,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ ์ง„๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋Šฆ์ถฐ์„œ ๋จน์ด ์—†์ด ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๋ฒ„ํ‹ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
01:37
with one study showing specimens surviving for 50 days without eating.
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ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋จน์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  50์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ์ƒ์กดํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
Since this adaptation involves careful conservation of energy,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ์‘์—๋Š” ์„ธ์‹ฌํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
01:45
giant isopods spend most of their time stationary or inching across the seafloor.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ •์ง€ํ•ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•ด์ €๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋งŒํžˆ ๋ˆ„๋น„๋ฉฐ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
Meanwhile, their tiny amphipod relatives celebrate the summer
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ํ•œํŽธ, ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์กฐ๊ทธ๋งˆํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ฐ๋ฅ˜ ์นœ์ฒ™๋“ค์€
01:55
by releasing offspring alongside the algal explosion,
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ํ•ด์กฐ๋ฅ˜ ์ฆ์‹๊ธฐ์— ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ์•„์„œ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์„ ์ถ•ํ•˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
01:58
ensuring their young have an abundance of food.
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์ƒˆ๋ผ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
And sea cucumbers carpeting the seafloor hoover up the dense plankton
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ํ•ด์ €์— ์œต๋‹จ์„ ๊น”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ด์‚ผ์€
02:05
with outstretched tentacles,
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์ด‰์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ป—์–ด์„œ ํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ์–‘๊ป ๋นจ์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ 
02:07
producing nutrient-rich feces that nourish nearby life.
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์˜์–‘์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋ฌผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋จน์—ฌ ์‚ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
But this big summer blowout doesnโ€™t last long.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์˜ ์ถ•์ œ๋Š” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
The first signs of autumn arrive in fine needles of frazil ice.
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๋ฐ”๋Š˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ฐ€๋Š๋‹ค๋ž€ ์–ผ์Œ ์กฐ๊ฐ์ด ๊ฐ€์„์˜ ์ฒซ ์ง•ํ›„๋กœ ์ฐพ์•„์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
These slowly coagulating crystals form a skin across the surface,
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์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์‘๊ณ ๋˜๋Š” ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •์ฒด๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์ „์ฒด์— ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ 
02:22
then mix with falling snow before freezing into a thin crust of ice.
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๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ˆˆ๊ณผ ์„ž์—ฌ ์–‡์€ ์–ผ์Œ ๊ป์งˆ๋กœ ์–ผ์–ด๋ถ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
The waters get darker and colder.
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๋ฌผ ์•„๋ž˜๋Š” ์ ์  ์–ด๋‘ก๊ณ  ์ฐจ๊ฐ€์›Œ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
And in this swiftly dimming world,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋‘์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์—
02:30
a set of long, spiky limbs sidle into view.
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๊ธธ๊ณ  ๋พฐ์กฑํ•œ ํŒ”๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
With up to six pairs of legs, these giant sea spiders arenโ€™t arachnids,
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์ตœ๋Œ€ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ์Œ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ๋Š”
02:37
but rather a related class of marine arthropod unique to the seafloor.
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๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•ด์ €์— ์„œ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ํ•ด์–‘ ์ ˆ์ง€๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
In addition to housing some of the animalโ€™s organs,
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๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์—๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์™ธ์—๋„
02:44
its legs are covered in tiny holes,
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์ž‘์€ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฎ์—ฌ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:47
which grow more numerous as the spider ages.
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์ด ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ ์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
These holes will likely help absorb the dissolved oxygen
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์ด ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์€ ์–ผ์–ด๋ถ™์€ ๋‚จ๋ถ€ ํ•ด์—ญ์„ ํฌํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”
02:52
that saturates these freezing southern waters.
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์šฉ์กด ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
Since oxygen fuels growth,
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์‚ฐ์†Œ๋Š” ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:56
many local species have evolved to take advantage of this abundance,
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์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ์‚ฐ์†Œ์˜ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•จ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง„ํ™”ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
03:00
and it may be one of the reasons that gigantism is so common in this region.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ํ”ํ•œ ์ด์œ  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
Individual sea spiders, for instance, can grow to the size of dinner plates.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ‘์‹œ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ž๋ž„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
But soon, these underwater giants will be moving slower than ever.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณง ์ด ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ๊ฑฐ์ธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋Š๋ ค์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
As winter settles in, the sea floor becomes even colder.
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๊ฒจ์šธ์ด ์ฐพ์•„์˜ค๋ฉด ํ•ด์ €๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ์ถ”์›Œ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
Waters fall to negative 1.8 degrees Celsius.
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๋ฌผ ์˜จ๋„๋Š” ์˜ํ•˜ 1.8๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
On the surface, the thin icy crust thickens into a layer called nilas,
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ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ์–‡์€ ์–ผ์Œ ๊ป์งˆ์ด ๋‘๊บผ์›Œ์ ธ ๋‹๋ผ์Šค๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธต์ด ๋˜๊ณ 
03:26
and young sea ice starts forming ridges that block out the sun.
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์–ด๋ฆฐ ํ•ด๋น™์€ ํ–‡๋น›์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฐ๋“ฑ์„ฑ์ด๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
The ocean begins to mirror the still landscape above it.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ทธ ์œ„์˜ ๊ณ ์š”ํ•œ ํ’๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:33
Antarctic sea cucumbers and urchins go into dormancy for months,
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๋‚จ๊ทน ํ•ด์‚ผ๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ํœด๋ฉด ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ 
03:37
and their metabolic rates fall to the slowest on Earth.
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์‹ ์ง„๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์†๋„๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋Š๋ ค์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
Antarctic limpets continue feeding,
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๋‚จ๊ทน ์‚ฟ๊ฐ“์กฐ๊ฐœ๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ๋จน์ง€๋งŒ
03:43
but at such a gradual pace that they're largely still surviving
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๋งค์šฐ ์ ์ง„์ ์ธ ์†๋„๋กœ
03:46
on energy reserves from the summer.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋น„์ถ•ํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
Tiny crustaceans survive off the traces of algae
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์ž‘์€ ๊ฐ‘๊ฐ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ง‘์˜ ์–ผ์Œ ์ฒœ์žฅ์— ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ”์ ์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์•„
03:51
growing on their homeโ€™s icy ceiling,
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03:53
raising their young in these expansive winter nurseries.
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์ด ๋„“์€ ๊ฒจ์šธ ๋ณด์œก์›์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
But this seemingly endless winter won't last forever.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด ๊ฒจ์šธ๋„ ์˜์›ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
As spring comes, light slowly begins to trickle back down through the ice.
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๋ด„์ด ์˜ค๋ฉด ๋น›์ด ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์–ผ์Œ ์‚ฌ์ด๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
And week by week, bit by bit,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งค์ฃผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ
04:06
this underwater world will begin waking up
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์ด ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ž ์—์„œ ๊นจ์–ด๋‚˜
04:08
to begin its delicate, slow-motion dance once again.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์„ฌ์„ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์ถค์„ ์ถ”๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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