The most lightning-struck place on Earth - Graeme Anderson

569,848 views ใƒป 2016-01-28

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Katherine Cho ๊ฒ€ํ† : Joowon Lee
00:06
The epic poem "La Dragontea"
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์„œ์‚ฌ์‹œ "La Dragontea"๋Š”
00:08
describes how English explorer Sir Francis Drake
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ํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค ๋“œ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ ํƒํ—˜๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
00:11
sailed across the Gulf of Venezuela in 1595.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ 1595๋…„์— ๋ฒ ๋„ค์ˆ˜์—˜๋ผ ๋งŒ์„ ํšก๋‹จํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
He was aiming for the nearby Lake Maracaibo,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํƒ€๋„ํ•  ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ์‹๋ฏผ์ง€์ธ
00:18
home to a colony of Spanish settlers he planned to overthrow.
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๋งˆ๋ผ์นด์ด๋ณด ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
But as Drake moved towards the mouth of the lake under cover of darkness,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋“œ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋‘  ์†์—์„œ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ž…๊ตฌ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋„์ค‘์—,
00:27
his plot was suddenly and magnificently foiled.
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๊ทธ์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์€ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žฅ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ขŒ์ ˆ๋˜๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
Huge flashes of lightning illuminated the landscape,
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ถˆ๋น›์˜ ๋ฒˆ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ํ’๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ฐํ˜€
00:35
exposing the fleet as if it were daytime,
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๋งˆ์น˜ ๋Œ€๋‚ฎ์ธ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ตฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋…ธ์ถœ์‹œ์ผฐ๊ณ ,
00:38
which warned the Spanish about his approach.
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์ด๋Š” ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ์•Œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
Lake Maracaibo is the stormiest place on the planet.
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๋งˆ๋ผ์นด์ด ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ํ—˜์•…ํ•œ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
The massive body of water at over 13,000 square kilometers
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13,000 ์ œ๊ณฑ ํ‚ค๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๋„“์ด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜๋Š”
00:50
is a place of almost perpetual storming.
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๋Š์ž„ ์—†๋Š” ํญํ’์šฐ์˜ ์—ฐ์†์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
Thunderstorms rage above it for up to 200 days of the year,
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๊ทธ๊ณณ ์œ„์—๋Š” ๋‡Œ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋…„์— 200์ผ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ณ ,
00:57
each earsplitting event lasting for several hours.
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๊ฐ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์€ ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์”ฉ ์ง€์†๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
Like everywhere else on Earth,
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด,
01:03
lightning at Lake Maracaibo is the result of opposing electrical charges
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๋งˆ๋ผ์นด์ด๋ณด ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฒˆ๊ฐœ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋˜๋Š” ์ „ํ•˜๊ฐ€
01:08
that steadily build up inside storm clouds.
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๋จน๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ์†์—์„œ ์„œ์„œํžˆ ๋ชจ์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
Once there's a large enough difference between charges either within the cloud
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๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ์•ˆ์— ํ˜น์€ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์™€ ๋ฐ‘์˜ ๋•…์—
01:15
or between the clouds and the Earth below,
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์ „ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์— ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
01:18
it forms a spark that becomes a lightning bolt.
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๋ฒˆ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ฝƒ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
Lightning strikes the earth about 350 million times per year,
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๋ฒˆ๊ฐœ๋Š” ์ผ๋…„์— ์•ฝ 3์–ต 5์ฒœ๋ฒˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ ค์น˜๊ณ 
01:26
averaging out to eleven strikes a second.
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์ผ์ดˆ์— ์•ฝ 11๋ฒˆ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ท ์ด ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
We know that thanks to satellites up in space and sensors on the ground.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต์œ„์„ฑ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋•…์˜ ์„ผ์„œ๋“ค ๋•๋ถ„์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
We can also measure the Earth's lightning density,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒˆ๊ฐœ ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
01:36
which is the frequency with which lightning flashes in a square kilometer.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฒˆ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ํ‚ค๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ œ๊ณฑ์— ๋น„์ถ”๋Š” ๋นˆ๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
Knowing where lightning strikes and how often
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๋ฒˆ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์— ์–ผ๋งŒํผ ์ž์ฃผ ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
01:44
reveals the most lightning-rich places on Earth.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฒˆ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๊ณณ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
In the polar regions,
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๊ทน์ง€๋ฐฉ์—๋Š”,
01:50
there may only be one strike per several square kilometers each year.
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๋งค๋…„ ๋ช‡ ํ‚ค๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ œ๊ณฑ๋งˆ๋‹ค ํ•œ ํƒ€๊ฒฉ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
Meanwhile, lightning density at the equator
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ ๋„์˜ ๋ฒˆ๊ฐœ ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š”
01:57
averages out to tens of flashes per square kilometer
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ํƒœ์–‘์ด ํƒœํ’์„ ์ซ“์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ด์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ํƒ“์—
02:01
on account of the sun providing more heat to drive storms.
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ํ•œ ํ‚ค๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ œ๊ณฑ๋งˆ๋‹ค ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ช‡์‹ญ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ๋น›์ด ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
Yet nowhere can quite compare with Lake Maracaibo,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๊ณณ๋„ ํ•œ ํ‚ค๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ œ๊ณฑ๋งˆ๋‹ค ํ‰๊ท ์  ๋ฒˆ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ 250๋ฒˆ ์ณ์„œ
02:09
where lightning strikes an average 250 times per square kilometer,
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ๊ณณ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฒˆ๊ฐœ ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ณณ์ธ
02:14
giving it the highest lightning density of any place on Earth.
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๋งˆ๋ผ์นด์ด๋ณด ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
A number of factors converge to create the lake's seemingly everlasting storms.
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๊ทธ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋Š์ž„์—†์–ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ํƒœํ’๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
Firstly, Lake Maracaibo lies just ten degrees north of the Equator,
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์šฐ์„ , ๋งˆ๋ผ์นด์ด๋ณด ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ ๋„์—์„œ ๋ถ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝ ์‹ญ๋„ ์œ„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
02:28
so there's a wealth of solar energy available to fuel the storms.
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ํƒœํ’์„ ๋ณต๋‹์•„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
Thunderstorms also require a supply of water vapor to feed on,
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๋‡Œ์šฐ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ ,
02:37
and having the warm waters of the Caribbean so close by
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์บ๋ฆฌ๋น„์–ธ์˜ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•œ ๋ฌผ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์œผ๋กœ์จ
02:40
provides an endless supply.
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๋์—†๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
Finally, the lake's southern and western edges
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋‚จ์ชฝ๊ณผ ์„œ์ชฝ์˜ ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€
02:46
are bordered by two massive mountain ranges,
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๋‘ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฐ๋งฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์Œ“์—ฌ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
02:49
and as cool winds surge down these slopes,
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์‹œ์›ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด ์‚ฐ ์•„๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ
02:52
they force up warm air,
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๋”ฐ๋œปํ•œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์œ„๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ
02:54
destabilizing the atmosphere and causing storm clouds to form.
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋จน๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
Together, these ingredients combine
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ์ณ์ ธ์„œ
03:01
to give rise to the most awe-inspiring thunderstorms on the planet,
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๋งค์šฐ ๋ณผ๋งŒํ•œ
์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋งˆ์–ด๋งˆํ•œ ๋‡Œ์šฐ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
a true sight to behold.
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03:08
Centuries ago, Sir Francis Drake may have cursed the lake's intense illumination,
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๋ช‡ ์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ „์—, ํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค ๋“œ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ๋Š” ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋น›์„ ์š•ํ–ˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
03:13
but today, sailors actually embrace this phenomenon.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ๋ฑƒ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
They call it the Maracaibo Beacon,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งˆ๋ผ์นด์ด๋ณด ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋“ฑ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋ฉฐ
03:19
and use it as a natural lighthouse to illuminate their path across the seas.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค ๊ฑด๋„ˆ์˜ ๊ธธ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ ๋“ฑ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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