How does your body know you're full? - Hilary Coller

2,591,063 views ・ 2017-11-13

TED-Ed


This video has Korean subtitles only. Please double-click on the Korean subtitles below to play the video.

λ²ˆμ—­: Soo Jin LEE κ²€ν† : Ju Hye Lim
00:08
Hunger claws at your grumbling belly.
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배고픔은 으λ₯΄λ κ±°λ¦¬λŠ” λ°°λ₯Ό ν• ν…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:10
It tugs at your intestines, which begin to writhe, aching to be fed.
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μŒμ‹μ„ 달라고 λͺΈλΆ€λ¦ΌμΉ˜λŠ” λ‚΄μž₯을 μž‘μ•„λ‹ΉκΉλ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:15
Being hungry generates a powerful, often unpleasant physical sensation
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배고픔은 κ°•λ ₯ν•˜κ³ λ„ λΆˆμΎŒν•œ 신체 감각을 μƒμ„±ν•˜λŠ”λ°
00:20
that's almost impossible to ignore.
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λ¬΄μ‹œν•˜λŠ” 것이 거의 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
After you've reacted by gorging on your morning pancakes,
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μ•„μΉ¨ μ‹μ‚¬λ‘œ νŒ¬μΌ€μ΄ν¬λ₯Ό 배뢈리 먹은 후에
00:26
you start to experience an opposing force, fullness,
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λ°°κ³ ν””κ³ΌλŠ” μ •λ°˜λŒ€μ˜ 힘인 ν¬λ§Œκ°μ„ κ²½ν—˜ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
but how does your body actually know when you're full?
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그런데 λͺΈμ€ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λ°°κ°€ λΆ€λ₯΄λ‹€λŠ” 사싀을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ•ŒκΉŒμš”?
00:34
The sensation of fullness is set in motion as food moves from your mouth
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λ°°λΆ€λ¦„μ˜ 감각은 μŒμ‹μ΄ μž…μœΌλ‘œ λ“€μ–΄κ°€
00:38
down your esophagus.
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식도λ₯Ό 따라 λ‚΄λ €κ°€λ©΄μ„œ μ‹œμž‘λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:41
Once it hits your stomach, it gradually fills the space.
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μŒμ‹μ΄ μœ„μ— λ„μ°©ν•˜λ©΄ μ„œμ„œνžˆ 곡간을 μ±„μ›Œμ„œ
00:44
That causes the surrounding muscular wall to stretch,
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근윑으둜 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ μœ„λ²½μ„ λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚˜κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:48
expanding slowly like a balloon.
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ν’μ„ μ²˜λŸΌ 천천히 λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚˜μ£ .
00:50
A multitude of nerves wrapped intricately around the stomach wall
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μœ„λ²½μ„ μ •κ΅ν•˜κ²Œ λ‘˜λŸ¬μ‹Ό μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μ‹ κ²½ 세포듀은
00:54
sense the stretching.
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μœ„κ°€ λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” 것을 κ°μ§€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:56
They communicate with the vagus nerve up to the brainstem and hypothalamus,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이λ₯Ό 미주신경을 톡해 λ‡Œμ€„κΈ°μ™€ μ‹œμƒν•˜λΆ€κΉŒμ§€ μ „λ‹¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:00
the main parts of the brain that control food intake.
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μ‹œμƒν•˜λΆ€λŠ” μŒμ‹μ„­μ·¨λ₯Ό μ‘°μ ˆν•˜λŠ” μ£Όμš” λΆ€μœ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:04
But that's just one input your brain uses to sense fullness.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ‡Œκ°€ ν¬λ§Œκ°μ„ κ°μ§€ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 정보 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ— λΆˆκ³Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
After all, if you fill your stomach with water,
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물둜 λ°°λ₯Ό μ±„μš°λ©΄
01:11
you won't feel full for long.
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ν¬λ§Œκ°μ€ 였래 가지 μ•Šμž–μ•„μš”.
01:13
Your brain also takes into account chemical messengers
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λ‡ŒλŠ” ν™”ν•™ λ¬Όμ§ˆμ—κ²Œμ„œλ„ 정보λ₯Ό μ „λ‹¬λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:16
in the form of hormones produced by endocrine cells
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μ†Œν™”κΈ° 계톡 μ „λ°˜μ— 걸쳐 λ‚΄λΆ„λΉ„μ„Έν¬μ—μ„œ λΆ„λΉ„λ˜λŠ”
01:19
throughout your digestive system.
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호λ₯΄λͺ¬ ν˜•νƒœμ˜ λ¬Όμ§ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
These respond to the presence of specific nutrients in your gut and bloodstream,
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이 λ¬Όμ§ˆμ€ λ‚΄μž₯κ³Ό 혈λ₯˜μ— μžˆλŠ” νŠΉμ • μ˜μ–‘μ†Œμ— λ°˜μ‘ν•˜λŠ”λ°
01:26
which gradually increase as you digest your food.
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이 μ˜μ–‘μ†ŒλŠ” μŒμ‹μ΄ μ†Œν™”λ μˆ˜λ‘ 점점 더 λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
As the hormones seep out, they're swept up by the blood
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호λ₯΄λͺ¬μ΄ 뢄비됨에 따라 ν™”ν•™ λ¬Όμ§ˆλ“€μ€ 피에 νœ©μ“Έλ €μ„œ
01:33
and eventually reach the hypothalamus in the brain.
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μ’…κ΅­μ—λŠ” λ‡Œμ˜ μ‹œμƒν•˜λΆ€μ— μ΄λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:38
Over 20 gastrointestinal hormones are involved in moderating our appetites.
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20κ°œκ°€ λ„˜λŠ” μœ„μž₯ 호λ₯΄λͺ¬μ΄ μ‹μš• μ‘°μ ˆμ— κ΄€μ—¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
One example is cholecystokinin,
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κ·Έ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜κ°€ λ°”λ‘œ μ½œλ ˆμ‹œμŠ€ν† ν‚€λ‹ŒμœΌλ‘œ
01:46
which is produced in response to food by cells in the upper small bowel.
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μ†Œμž₯ 상뢀에 μžˆλŠ” 세포듀에 μ˜ν•΄μ„œ μŒμ‹μ— λ°˜μ‘ν•˜μ—¬ λΆ„λΉ„λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:51
When it reached the hypothalamus,
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μ½œλ ˆμ‹œμŠ€ν† ν‚€λ‹Œμ΄ μ‹œμƒν•˜λΆ€μ— λ„λ‹¬ν•˜λ©΄
01:52
it causes a reduction in the feeling of reward you get when you eat food.
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μŒμ‹μ„ 먹을 λ•Œ μ–»λŠ” 보상 심리가 κ°μ†Œλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
When that occurs, the sense of being satiated starts to sink in
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이런 과정을 거치면 포만감이 λ“€λ©΄μ„œ
02:02
and you stop eating.
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λ¨ΉλŠ” 것을 λ©ˆμΆ”κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
Cholecystokinin also slows down the movement of food
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μ½œλ ˆμ‹œμŠ€ν† ν‚€λ‹Œμ€ μŒμ‹μ΄
μœ„μž₯μ—μ„œ μ°½μžκΉŒμ§€ κ°€λŠ” 속도도 늦μΆ₯λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:08
from the stomach into the intestines.
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02:11
That makes your stomach stretch more over a period of time,
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그러면 μœ„λ²½μ€ 같은 μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆμ— 더 많이 λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚˜κ²Œ λ˜μ–΄
02:15
allowing your body to register that you're filling up.
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λ°°κ°€ λ‹€ μ°Όλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λͺΈμ΄ 인지할 수 있게 ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:19
This seems to be why when you eat slowly, you actually feel fuller
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ°₯을 천천히 먹을 λ•Œ
빨리 먹을 λ•Œλ³΄λ‹€ 더 λ°°λΆ€λ₯΄λ‹€κ³  λŠλΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
compared to when you consume your food at lightning speed.
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02:26
When you eat quickly, your body doesn't have time to recognize the state it's in.
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빨리 먹으면 λͺΈμ΄ 자기 μƒνƒœλ₯Ό 인식할 μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:31
Once nutrients and gastrointestinal hormones are present in the blood,
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μ˜μ–‘μ†Œμ™€ μœ„μž₯ 호λ₯΄λͺ¬μ΄ ν˜ˆμ•‘ μ•ˆμ— λ“€μ–΄κ°€κ²Œ 되면
02:35
they trigger the pancreas to release insulin.
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μΈμŠλ¦°μ„ λΆ„λΉ„ν•˜λΌκ³  췌μž₯을 μžκ·Ήν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:39
Insulin stimulates the body's fat cells to make another hormone called leptin.
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μΈμŠλ¦°μ€ λ ™ν‹΄μ΄λΌλŠ” 호λ₯΄λͺ¬μ„ λ§Œλ“€λΌκ³  지방 세포λ₯Ό μžκ·Ήν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
Leptin reacts with receptors on neuron populations in the hypothalamus.
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렙틴은 μ‹œμƒν•˜λΆ€μ— μžˆλŠ” λ‰΄λŸ° μ§‘λ‹¨μ˜ μˆ˜μš©μ²΄μ™€ λ°˜μ‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
The hypothalamus has two sets of neurons important for our feeling of hunger.
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μ‹œμƒ ν•˜λΆ€λŠ” 배고픔을 λŠλΌλŠ” 데 μ€‘μš”ν•œ λ‰΄λŸ° 집단이 2개 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:55
One set produces the sensation of hunger by making and releasing certain proteins.
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ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” νŠΉμ • λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ„ λ§Œλ“€κ³  λ‚΄λ³΄λƒ„μœΌλ‘œμ¨ 배고픔을 느끼게 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:00
The other set inhibits hunger through its own set of compounds.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” 고유 ν˜Όν•©λ¬Όμ„ 톡해 배고픔을 μ–΅μ œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:04
Leptin inhibits the hypothalamus neurons that drive food intake
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렙틴은 μŒμ‹ μ„­μ·¨λ₯Ό μœ λ„ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œμƒν•˜λΆ€μ˜ λ‰΄λŸ°μ„ μ–΅μ œν•˜κ³ 
03:09
and stimulates the neurons that suppress it.
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μŒμ‹ μ„­μ·¨λ₯Ό μ–΅μ œν•˜λŠ” λ‰΄λŸ°μ„ μžκ·Ήν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
By this point, your body has reached peak fullness.
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이쯀되면 λͺΈμ΄ λŠλΌλŠ” ν¬λ§Œκ°μ€ μ΅œλŒ€κ°€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
Through the constant exchange of information between hormones,
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호λ₯΄λͺ¬, λ―Έμ£Ό μ‹ κ²½, λ‡Œκ°„, μ‹œμƒν•˜λΆ€μ˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 뢀뢄듀이
03:18
the vagus nerve,
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03:19
the brainstem,
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03:21
and the different portions of hypothalamus,
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λŠμž„μ—†μ΄ 정보λ₯Ό κ΅ν™˜ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
03:23
your brain gets the signal that you've eaten enough.
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μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ λ¨Ήμ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” μ‹ ν˜Έκ°€ λ‡Œμ— μ „ν•΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:27
Researchers have discovered
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ν•™μžλ“€μ€ μ–΄λ–€ μŒμ‹μ΄
03:28
that some foods produce more long-lasting fullness than others.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μŒμ‹λ³΄λ‹€ ν¬λ§Œκ°μ„ 더 였래 μ§€μ†μ‹œν‚¨λ‹€λŠ” 사싀을 μ•Œμ•„λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
For instance, boiled potatoes are ranked
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 삢은 κ°μžλŠ”
03:35
as some of the most hunger-satisfying foods,
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λ°°λΆ€λ₯΄λ‹€κ³  느끼게 ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” 졜고의 μŒμ‹ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ§€λ§Œ
03:37
while croissants are particularly unsatisfying.
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ν¬λ‘œμ™€μƒμ€ νŠΉλ³„νžˆ 도움이 μ•ˆλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:42
In general, foods with more protein, fiber, and water
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일반적으둜 λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆ, μ„¬μœ μ§ˆ, 물이 더 많이 ν•¨μœ λœ μŒμ‹μ΄
03:45
tend to keep hunger at bay for longer.
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배고픔을 μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ λ§‰μ•„μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:49
But feeling full won't last forever.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν¬λ§Œκ°μ€ μ˜μ›νžˆ 가지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
After a few hours, your gut and brain begin their conversation again.
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λͺ‡ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ§€λ‚˜λ©΄ λ‚΄μž₯κ³Ό λ‡ŒλŠ” λ‹€μ‹œ λŒ€ν™”λ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:57
Your empty stomach produces other hormones, such as ghrelin,
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곡볡의 μœ„λŠ” 그렐린같은 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 호λ₯΄λͺ¬μ„ λΆ„λΉ„ν•΄μ„œ
04:00
that increase the activity of the hunger-causing nerve cells
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μ‹œμƒν•˜λΆ€μ— μžˆλŠ” λ°°κ³ ν”„κ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” μ‹ κ²½ μ„Έν¬μ˜
04:03
in the hypothalamus.
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ν™œλ™μ„ μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:05
Eventually, the growling beast of hunger is reawakened.
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짐승처럼 으λ₯΄λ λŒ€λŠ” ꡢ주림이 λ‹€μ‹œ 고개λ₯Ό λ“€μ£ .
04:09
Luckily, there's a dependable antidote for that.
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닀행인 것은 ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ ν•΄λ…μ œκ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€λŠ” μ‚¬μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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