The man who lost his sense of touch - Antonio Cataldo

410,954 views ・ 2023-03-16

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Gang seojoon κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:09
In 1971, Ian Waterman suddenly collapsed from a severe case
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1971λ…„, μ΄μ•ˆ μ›Œν„°λ§¨μ€ κ°‘μžκΈ° μ“°λŸ¬μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ‹¬κ°ν•œ λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€μ„± μœ„μž₯μ—ΌμœΌλ‘œ λ³΄μ˜€μ£ .
00:15
of what seemed to be gastric flu.
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00:21
His illness passed after a few days,
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톡증은 λ©°μΉ  λ’€ μ‚¬λΌμ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
but a stranger set of symptoms lingered.
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그런데 μ΄μƒν•œ 증상듀이 κ³„μ†λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:32
Although his muscles and joints remained healthy,
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κ·Όμœ‘λ“€κ³Ό κ΄€μ ˆλ“€μ€ λ©€μ©‘ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
00:37
Waterman was unable to move.
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μ›Œν„°λ§¨μ€ λͺΈμ„ 움직일 μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:40
In fact, he was unable to feel anything from the neck down.
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사싀, κ·ΈλŠ” λͺ© μ•„λž˜λ‘œ μ•„λ¬΄λŸ° 감각도 λŠλ‚„ 수 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
Eventually, he was diagnosed with a rare and extreme form of deafferentation,
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κ²°κ΅­, κ·ΈλŠ” ν¬κ·€ν•˜κ³  극단적인 ν˜•νƒœμ˜ κ΅¬μ‹¬λ‘œ 차단을 μ§„λ‹¨λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
a neurological condition in which certain signals
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νŠΉμ • μ‹ κ²½ μ‹ ν˜Έκ°€ λ°©ν•΄λ°›κ±°λ‚˜ μ†μƒλ˜λŠ” 신경학적 μƒνƒœλ₯Ό λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:56
from the nervous system are interrupted or impaired.
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01:00
Without his body's constant feedback on how his limbs were moving,
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νŒ”λ‹€λ¦¬κ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ›€μ§μ΄λŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 지속적인 정보가 μ—†μ–΄μ„œ
01:05
Waterman was unable to sit up, stand, or walk.
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μ›Œν„°λ§¨μ€ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ±°λ‚˜, μ„œκ±°λ‚˜ 걸을 수 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:11
But over time, he taught himself to use sight to judge the distance
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ§€λ‚˜λ©΄μ„œ μ‹œκ°μ„ μ¨μ„œ
νŒ”λ‹€λ¦¬μ™€ λ‹€λ₯Έ 물체 μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 거리λ₯Ό νŒλ‹¨ν•˜λŠ” 법을 λ°°μ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:16
of his limbs from other objects.
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01:20
And eventually he regained complete control of his bodyβ€”
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그리고 λ§ˆμΉ¨λ‚΄ κ·ΈλŠ” μžμ‹ μ˜ λͺΈμ„ μ™„μ „νžˆ ν†΅μ œν•  수 있게 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:24
so long as he could see it.
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λ³Ό 수만 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ 말이죠.
01:28
We often don’t think of touch as being a vital part of movement.
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λŒ€μ²΄λ‘œ 촉각이 λ™μž‘μ— μ€‘μš”ν•œ μš”μ†ŒλΌκ³  μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€λŠ” μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
But touch is just one part of the somatosensory system,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 촉각은 신체 감각 μ²΄κ³„μ˜ ν•œ λΆ€λΆ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:38
a network that oversees all the sensations
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신체 감각 μ²΄κ³„λŠ” λͺΈμ˜ ν‘œλ©΄κ³Ό λ‚΄λΆ€μ—μ„œ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ”
01:41
arising from the surface and interior of our bodies.
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λͺ¨λ“  감각을 κ°λ…ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ΄μ£ .
01:45
Touch, pain, temperature, and our awareness of our bodies in spaceβ€”
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촉각, 톡각, μ˜¨λ„μ™€ κ³΅κ°„μ—μ„œ λͺΈμ— λŒ€ν•œ 인식은
01:51
also known as proprioceptionβ€” are regulated by this system.
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고유 수용 감각이라고 μ•Œλ €μ Έ 있으며, 이 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ— μ˜ν•΄ ν†΅μ œλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
And when something goes wrong, the effects can be dramatic.
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그리고 무언가가 잘λͺ»λ˜λ©΄, κ·Έ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” 극적일 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
All these sensations are processed by millions of tiny receptor cells
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λͺ¨λ“  감각듀은 μž‘μ€ 수용체 세포듀 수백만 κ°œμ— μ˜ν•΄ 처리되며,
02:06
embedded in our skin, muscles, tendons, and organs.
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μ΄λŠ” ν”ΌλΆ€, 근윑, νž˜μ€„, 그리고 μž₯기에 λΆ„ν¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
Every square centimeter of our skin is packed with hundreds of these cells,
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ν”ΌλΆ€ 1 μ œκ³±μ„Όν‹°λ―Έν„°μ—λŠ” 수용체 세포듀 수백 κ°œκ°€ λ“€μ–΄μ°¨ 있고,
02:16
and their shape, size, and depth determine what kind of stimuli they respond to.
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μ„Έν¬λ“€μ˜ λͺ¨μ–‘κ³Ό 크기, κΉŠμ΄λŠ” 이듀이 μ–΄λ–€ μžκ·Ήμ— λ°˜μ‘ν•˜λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό κ²°μ •ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
[λ§ˆμ΄μŠ€λ„ˆ μ†Œμ²΄ - μ €μ£ΌνŒŒ 진동]
[λ©”λ₯΄μΌˆ λ””μŠ€ν¬ - μ••λ ₯]
02:23
Mechanoreceptors sense mechanical deformation of the skin.
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기계적 μˆ˜μš©μ²΄λŠ” ν”ΌλΆ€μ˜ 기계적 λ³€ν˜•μ„ κ°μ§€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
[λ£¨ν”Όλ‹ˆ 말단 - ν”ΌλΆ€ λ‹ΉκΉ€]
[νŒŒμ‹œλ‹ˆμ–Έ μ†Œμ²΄ - 고주파 진동]
02:29
This could be triggered by low or high frequency vibrations,
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μ΄λŠ” μ €μ£ΌνŒŒ λ˜λŠ” 고주파 μ§„λ™μœΌλ‘œ 유발될 수 있으며,
02:33
a stretch, or simply light, static pressure.
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λ‹ΉκΉ€ λ˜λŠ” κ·Έμ € 가볍고 정적인 μ••λ ₯에 μ˜ν•΄μ„œλ„ 유발될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
Thermoreceptors respond to temperature changes,
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μ—΄ μˆ˜μš©μ²΄λŠ” μ˜¨λ„ 변화에 λ°˜μ‘ν•˜κ³ 
02:41
while nociceptors sense pain.
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톡각 μˆ˜μš©κΈ°λŠ” 톡증을 κ°μ§€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
And propriocepters sit deep in your muscles and tendons,
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고유 μˆ˜μš©κΈ°λŠ” 근윑과 νž˜μ€„ κΉŠμˆ™μ΄ 자리 작고 있으며
[고유 수용기]
02:50
continually detecting and relaying information
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신체 μœ„μΉ˜ 정보λ₯Ό μ§€μ†ν•΄μ„œ κ°μ§€ν•˜κ³  μ „λ‹¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
about the position of your body.
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02:55
Your brain then combines this information with other sensory data
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λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ λ‡ŒλŠ” 이 정보λ₯Ό λ‹€λ₯Έ 감각 데이터와 κ²°ν•©ν•΄μ„œ
03:00
to move through space without needing to see your limbs.
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νŒ”λ‹€λ¦¬λ₯Ό λ³Ό ν•„μš” 없이 곡간을 μ΄λ™ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
03:05
All of these receptors work by sending electrical signals to the brain
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λͺ¨λ“  μˆ˜μš©μ²΄λŠ” μ—°κ²°λœ μ„¬μœ λ₯Ό 톡해
λ‡Œμ— μ „κΈ° μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό λ³΄λ‚΄λŠ” λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μž‘λ™ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:10
through fibers they’re attached to.
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03:12
And the speed of those signals varies with the fiber’s thickness.
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μ‹ ν˜Έμ˜ μ†λ„λŠ” μ„¬μœ μ˜ λ‘κ»˜μ— 따라 λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:16
For example, some nociceptors are attached to fibers
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ 일뢀 톡각 μˆ˜μš©κΈ°κ°€ λΆ€μ°©λœ μ„¬μœ λŠ”
03:20
with slightly more conductive, fatty myelin than others.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 것보닀 μ•½κ°„ 더 전도성이 있고 지방성 μˆ˜μ΄ˆκ°€ 더 λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:25
So when you get hurt, the electrical impulses from thicker nociceptors
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μƒμ²˜λ₯Ό μž…μœΌλ©΄,
더 λ‘κΊΌμš΄ 톡각 μˆ˜μš©κΈ°μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” μ „κΈ° μžκ·Ήμ€
03:30
trigger sharp, intense pain,
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λ‚ μΉ΄λ‘­κ³  κ°•λ ¬ν•œ 톡증을 μœ λ°œν•˜κ³ 
03:33
while thin, unmyelinated nociceptors are responsible
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μ–‡κ³  μˆ˜μ΄ˆκ°€ μ—†λŠ” 톡각 μˆ˜μš©κΈ°μ—μ„œλŠ”
03:37
for the dull, aching pain that follows.
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λ‘”ν•˜κ³  μ‘€μ‹œλŠ” 톡증이 λ’€λ”°λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:39
And since the fibers carrying tactile information are much thicker
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촉각 정보λ₯Ό μ „λ‹¬ν•˜λŠ” μ„¬μœ κ°€
톡각 μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό μ „λ‹¬ν•˜λŠ” 것보닀 훨씬 두껍기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
03:43
than those carrying nociceptive signals,
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03:46
rubbing an injury can produce temporary relief from the pain
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μƒμ²˜λ₯Ό 문지λ₯΄λ©΄ 톡증이 μΌμ‹œμ μœΌλ‘œ μ™„ν™”ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:51
These receptors generate a constant flood of signals
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μˆ˜μš©κΈ°λ“€μ€ 신경계λ₯Ό 톡해 λ‡Œλ‘œ μ΄λ™ν•˜λŠ” μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό
03:55
that travel through the nervous system to the brain.
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λŠμž„μ—†μ΄ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:58
But if this process is disruptedβ€”
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그런데 이 과정이 λ°©ν•΄ λ°›μœΌλ©΄,
04:01
either by damage to the skin, the nerves, or the brainβ€”
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즉, ν”ΌλΆ€, μ‹ κ²½ λ˜λŠ” λ‡Œ 손상이 생기면 신경망이 λŠμ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:04
the network breaks down.
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04:06
And since it underpins so many bodily functions,
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신경망은 μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ 신체 κΈ°λŠ₯을 λ’·λ°›μΉ¨ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—,
04:11
damage to the somatosensory system can manifest in a wide variety of ways.
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체감각 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ˜ 손상은 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:18
In Waterman’s case, an autoimmune reaction
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μ›Œν„°λ§¨μ˜ κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” μžκ°€ λ©΄μ—­ λ°˜μ‘μ΄
04:22
attacked a large swath of his nervous system,
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μ‹ κ²½κ³„μ˜ λ§Žμ€ 뢀뢄을 κ³΅κ²©ν–ˆκ³ 
04:24
leaving him with no tactile or proprioceptive sensations
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λͺ© μ•„λž˜ λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 촉각 λ˜λŠ” 고유 수용 감각이 μ‚¬λΌμ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:29
from the neck down.
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04:30
But deafferentation is just one of many somatosensory disorders.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ κ΅¬μ‹¬λ‘œ 차단은 μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ 체감각 μž₯μ•  쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μΌ λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:36
Individuals can receive damage to a specific brain area or a section of skin,
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λ‡Œμ˜ νŠΉμ •ν•œ μ˜μ—­μ΄λ‚˜ ν”ΌλΆ€μ˜ ν•œ 뢀뢄에 손상을 μž…μ„ 수 μžˆλŠ”λ°
04:42
resulting in the loss of certain sensations in particular locations.
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νŠΉμ •ν•œ μœ„μΉ˜μ—μ„œ νŠΉμ •ν•œ 감각의 손싀을 μ΄ˆλž˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:47
And the impact of this loss can be significant.
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μ†μ‹€μ˜ 영ν–₯은 상당할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:52
Losing tactile sensations makes it difficult to gauge how much strength
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촉각을 μžƒμœΌλ©΄
μ–΄λ–€ μƒν™©μ—μ„œ νž˜μ„ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 쀄지 μ •ν•˜κΈ°κ°€ μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:57
to use in a situation.
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05:00
Without the warning signals provided by thermal and pain stimuli,
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μ—΄ 자극과 톡증 μžκ·Ήμ— μ˜ν•œ κ²½κ³  μ‹ ν˜Έκ°€ μ—†μœΌλ©΄
05:05
we don’t react when our bodies are damaged.
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신체가 μ†μƒλ˜μ–΄λ„ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ°˜μ‘ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:08
And, being deprived of social touch can cause a condition
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그리고 μ‚¬νšŒμ  접촉이 λ°•νƒˆλ˜λ©΄
접촉 κ²°ν•μ΄λΌλŠ” 병에 걸릴 수 μžˆλŠ”λ°
05:12
known as touch starvation,
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05:15
characterized by anxiety, depression,
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이 λ³‘μ˜ νŠΉμ§•μ€ λΆˆμ•ˆ, 우울증,
05:18
high blood pressure, and even a weakened immune system.
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κ³ ν˜ˆμ••κ³Ό λ©΄μ—­ κΈ°λŠ₯ μ €ν•˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:23
Many individuals who face these realities have found innovative ways to adapt.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν˜„μ‹€μ— μ§λ©΄ν•œ λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ ν˜μ‹ μ μΈ 적응 방법을 μ°Ύμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:28
But it’s undeniable that all these invisible sensations
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λΆ€μ •ν•  수 μ—†λŠ” 것은 이 λͺ¨λ“  보이지 μ•ŠλŠ” 감각듀이
05:32
play a vital role in how we navigate the worldβ€”
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 세상을 νƒμƒ‰ν•˜λŠ” 방법에 핡심 역할을 ν•œλ‹€λŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:37
even if they can be difficult to put your finger on.
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콕 집어 λ§ν•˜κΈ°λŠ” μ–΄λ €μšΈμ§€λΌλ„ 말이죠.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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