The Romans flooded the Colosseum for sea battles - Janelle Peters

984,114 views ใƒป 2019-06-24

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Hyeyoung Park ๊ฒ€ํ† : Sooha Ahn
00:06
The cry of the crowd. The roar of a lion. The clash of metal.
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๊ด€๊ฐ๋“ค์˜ ํ•จ์„ฑ์†Œ๋ฆฌ. ์‚ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์œผ๋ฅด๋  ๋Œ€๊ณ  ์‡ ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋”ชํžˆ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ.
00:11
Starting in 80 CE these sounds rang through the stands of the Colosseum.
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์ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ์„œ๊ธฐ 80๋…„์˜ ์ฝœ๋กœ์„ธ์›€ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ์— ์šธ๋ คํผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
On hundreds of days a year,
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์—ฐ์ค‘ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
00:18
over 50,000 residents of Rome and visitors from across the Roman Empire
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5๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ๋กœ๋งˆ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๋กœ๋งˆ์ œ๊ตญ ์ „์—ญ์—์„œ ์˜จ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด
00:23
would fill the stadiumsโ€™ four stories to see gladiators duel, animals fight,
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๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ์˜ ๋„ค ๊ฐœ์ธต์„ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฑ„์›Œ ๊ฒ€ํˆฌ์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฐํˆฌ์™€ ๋งน์ˆ˜์˜ ์‹ธ์›€,
00:28
and chariots race around the arena.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „์ฐจ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋žŒํ•˜๊ณค ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:31
And for the grand finale, water poured into the arena basin,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์›…์žฅํ•œ ํ”ผ๋‚ ๋ ˆ์—๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ ๋ฌด๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ฑ„์›Œ
00:35
submerging the stage for the greatest spectacle of all:
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00:39
staged naval battles.
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ํ•ด์ƒ์ „ํˆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์ตœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
The Romansโ€™ epic, mock maritime encounters, called naumachiae,
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๋กœ๋งˆ์ธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฑฐํ–‰ํ•œ ๋‚˜์šฐ๋งˆํ‚ค์•„๋ผ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ƒ๋ชจ์˜ํ•ด์ „์€
00:46
started during Julius Caesarโ€™s reign in the first century BC,
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๊ธฐ์›์ „ 1์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ค„๋ฆฌ์–ด์Šค ์‹œ์ €์˜ ์ง‘๊ถŒ๋‹น์‹œ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ฝœ๋กœ์„ธ์›€์ด ์ง€์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ 100๋…„ ์ „์— ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
over a hundred years before the Colosseum was built.
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00:53
They were held alongside other aquatic spectacles
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์ˆ˜์ƒ๋ชจ์˜ํ•ด์ „์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ํ•ด์ „๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
00:56
on natural and artificial bodies of water around Rome
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๋กœ๋งˆ ์ธ๊ทผ์˜ ์ž์—ฐ ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ณต ์ˆ˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ
01:00
up through Emperor Flavius Vespasian,
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ํ”Œ๋ผ๋น„์šฐ์Šค ๋ฒ ์ŠคํŒŒ๋‹ˆ์•„๋ˆ„์Šค ํ™ฉ์ œ ์‹œ๋Œ€๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐœ์ตœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
01:02
who began building the Colosseum in 70 CE on the site of a former lake.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์„œ๊ธฐ 70๋…„์— ์ด์ „ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜๋ถ€์ง€์—์„œ ์ฝœ๋กœ์„ธ์›€์„ ์ง“๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
The Colosseum was intended to be a symbol of Romeโ€™s power in the ancient world,
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์ฝœ๋กœ์„ธ์›€์€ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๋กœ๋งˆ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
and what better way to display that power
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ํ™ฉ์ œ์˜ ๋ช…์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋น„์› ๋‹ค ์ฑ„์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒํผ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ž‘ํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:14
than a body of water that could drain and refill at the Emperorโ€™s command?
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01:20
Vespasianโ€™s son Flavius Titus fulfilled his fatherโ€™s dream in 80 CE
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์„œ๊ธฐ 80๋…„, ๋ฒ ์ŠคํŒŒ์‹œ์•„๋ˆ„์Šค์˜ ์•„๋“ค ํ‹ฐํˆฌ์Šค ํ”Œ๋ผ๋น„์šฐ์Šค๋Š” ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ๊ฟˆ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์ฃ .
01:25
when he used war spoils to finish the Colosseumโ€“
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์ „๋ฆฌํ’ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฝœ๋กœ์„ธ์›€์„ ์™„๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
or as it was known at the time, the Flavian Amphitheater.
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๋‹น๋Œ€์—๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผ๋น„์–ธ ์›ํ˜•๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ณณ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:33
The grand opening was celebrated with 100 days of pageantry and gladiatorial games,
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์ฝœ๋กœ์„ธ์›€์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ง‰์€ 100์ผ ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ™”๋ คํ•œ ํ–‰์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฒ€ํˆฌ์‚ฌ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋ค„์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
setting the precedent for programming that included parades,
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ํ–‰์ง„, ์Œ์•…๊ณต์—ฐ, ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ฒ˜ํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ฒ€ํˆฌ์‚ฌ ์ „ํˆฌ์˜ ์„ ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:42
musical performances, public executions, and of course, gladiatorial combat.
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01:48
Unlike the games in smaller amphitheaters funded by wealthy Romans,
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๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๋กœ๋งˆ์ธ๋“ค์ด ํ›„์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ฒŒ์ž„๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
01:52
these lavish displays of Imperial power were financed by the Emperor.
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์ด ํ™”๋ คํ•œ ์‡ผ๋Š” ํ™ฉ์ œ์˜ ์ž๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:57
Parades of exotic animals, theatrical performances,
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์ด๊ตญ์ ์ธ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ํ–‰์ง„, ์—ฐ๊ทน ๊ณต์—ฐ๊ณผ
02:00
and the awe-inspiring naumachiae were all designed
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๊ฒฝ์™ธ์‹ฌ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๋‚˜์šฐ๋งˆํ‚ค์•„๋Š”
02:03
to bolster faith in the god-like Emperor,
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์‹ ์ ์ธ ํ™ฉ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:06
who would be declared a god after his own death.
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ํ™ฉ์ œ๋Š” ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ๋งž๊ณ  ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์‹ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์„ ์–ธํ•˜๊ณค ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:09
Itโ€™s still a mystery how engineers flooded the arena to create this aquatic effect.
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๊ณตํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ฑ„์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ฏธ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
Some historians believe a giant aqueduct was diverted into the arena.
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์—ญ์‚ฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:18
Others think the system of chambers and sluice gates used to drain the arena,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ฑ”๋ฒ„์™€ ์ˆ˜๋ฌธ์ด
02:23
were also used to fill it.
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๋ฌผ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฑ„์šฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
These chambers couldโ€™ve been filled with water prior to the event
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์ด ์ฑ”๋ฒ„๋“ค์€ ํ–‰์‚ฌ์— ์•ž์„œ ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ฑ„์›Œ์งˆ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
02:28
and then opened to submerge the stage
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๋ฌด๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ž ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:30
under more than a million gallons of water, to create a depth of five feet.
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๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๊ฐค๋Ÿฐ์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋กœ 5ํ”ผํŠธ ๊นŠ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:35
But even with all that water,
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ํ—ˆ๋‚˜ ๋กœ๋งˆ์ธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ๋„,
02:37
the Romans had to construct miniature boats with special flat bottoms
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๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์ด ํ‰ํ‰ํ•œ ์†Œํ˜• ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
that wouldnโ€™t scrape the Colosseum floor.
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์ฝœ๋กœ์„ธ์›€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์„ ์†์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:44
These boats ranged from 7 to 15 meters long,
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์ด ๋ฐฐ๋“ค์€ 7์—์„œ 15m์ •๋„ ๊ธธ์ด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ,
02:47
and were built to look like vessels from famous encounters.
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์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ „ํˆฌ์— ์ด์šฉ๋œ ๋ฐฐ์˜ ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:51
During a battle, dozens of these ships would float around the arena,
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์ „ํˆฌ ์‹œ์—, ์ด ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์ฒ™์˜ ๋ฐฐ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ๋– ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ
02:55
crewed by gladiators dressed as the opposing sides of the recreated battle.
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์ƒ๋Œ€ํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์žฅํ•œ ๊ฒ€ํˆฌ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์ด์— ์Šน์„ ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
These warriors would duel across ships;
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์ „์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ ์ „ํˆฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
boarding them, fighting, drowning, and incapacitating their foes
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์ „์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ํƒœ์šฐ๊ณ , ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ณ , ๋ฌผ์— ๋น ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ ๋“ค์„ ๋ฌด๋ ฅํ™”์‹œ์ผœ
03:06
until only one faction was left standing.
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๋‹จ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋‹นํŒŒ๋งŒ ๋‚จ์„ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹ธ์› ์ฃ .
03:09
Fortunately, not every watery display told such a gruesome story.
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ˆ˜์ƒ์ „์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์ž”์ธํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ๋‹ด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
In some of these floodings,
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์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
03:15
a submerged stage allowed chariot drivers to glide across the water
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์ „์ฐจ ์šด์ „์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ฌผ์— ์ž ๊ธด ๋ฌด๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ๋„๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋“ฏ์ด ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๊ฐ€
03:19
as though they were Triton, making waves as he piloted his chariot on the sea.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํŠธ๋ฆฌํ†ค์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๋งˆ๋ƒฅ, ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์œ„์—์„œ ์ „์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํŒŒ๋„๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์ฃ .
03:24
Animals walked on water, myths were re-enacted by condemned prisoners,
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๋™๋ฌผ์€ ๋ฌผ์œ„์—์„œ ๊ฑธ์–ด๋‹ค๋…”์œผ๋ฉฐ ์œ ์ฃ„ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ฃ„์ˆ˜๋“ค์€ ์‹ ํ™”๋ฅผ ์žฌํ˜„ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:29
and at night, nude synchronized swimmers would perform by torchlight.
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๋ฐค์—๋Š” ๋ˆ„๋“œ ์‹ฑํฌ๋กœ๋‚˜์ด์ฆˆ๋“œ ์ˆ˜์˜์„ ์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ํšŸ๋ถˆ๋กœ ๋น„์ถฐ์ง„ ๊ณต์—ฐ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
But the Colosseumโ€™s aquatic age didnโ€™t last forever.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฝœ๋กœ์„ธ์›€์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค‘์‹œ๋Œ€๋Š” ์˜์›ํžˆ ์ง€์†๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:38
The naval battles proved so popular they were given their own nearby lake
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ํ•ด์ „์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ธ๊ธฐ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋ช…๋˜์–ด ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์„ ๋ฌผ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
by Emperor Domitian in the early 90s CE.
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์„œ๊ธฐ 90๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋„๋ฏธํ‹ฐ์•ˆ ํ™ฉ์ œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:46
The larger lake proved even better for naumachiae,
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ํ™•์žฅ๋œ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋‚˜์šฐ๋งˆํ‚ค์•„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ข‹์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
03:48
and the Colosseum soon gained a series of underground animal cages
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์ง€ํ•˜์— ๋™๋ฌผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€
03:52
and trap doors that didnโ€™t allow for further flooding.
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ํ™์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ฌ๊ฐ€๋ฏธ ๋ฌธ์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:56
But for a brief time,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ,
03:57
the Flavian Emperors controlled the tides of war and water
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ํ”Œ๋ผ๋น„์•ˆ ํ™ฉ์ œ๋“ค์€ ํ™”๋ คํ•œ ํž˜์„ ๊ณผ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์‡ผ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „์Ÿ๊ณผ ๋ฌผ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๊ณค ํ–ˆ๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
in a spectacular show of power.
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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