Could human civilization spread across the whole galaxy? - Roey Tzezana

669,056 views ・ 2016-09-29

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Translator: Jessica Ruby Reviewer: Brian Greene
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λ²ˆμ—­: Won Jang κ²€ν† : JY Kang
00:06
Could human civilization eventually spread across the whole Milky Way galaxy?
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인λ₯˜ λ¬Έλͺ…이 μ€ν•˜κ³„ μ „μ²΄λ‘œ νΌμ Έλ‚˜κ°ˆ 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
00:12
Could we move beyond our small blue planet
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν‘Έλ₯Έ 지ꡬλ₯Ό λ– λ‚˜μ„œ
00:15
to establish colonies in the multitude of star systems out there?
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μ € λ°–μ˜ 수 λ§Žμ€ 행성계에 식민지λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
00:19
This question's a pretty daunting one.
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μ΄λŠ” μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ μ–΄λ €μš΄ λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
There are around 300 billion stars in the galaxy,
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우리 μ€ν•˜μ—λŠ” μ•½ 3μ²œμ–΅ 개의 별이 있고
00:25
which is about 160,000 light-years across.
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이 μ€ν•˜μ˜ 지름은 λŒ€λž΅ 16만 κ΄‘λ…„ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
So far we've sent a single spacecraft outside our solar system,
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μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ³ μž‘ νƒœμ–‘κ³„ λ°–μœΌλ‘œ
00:34
trudging along at 0.006% of the speed of light.
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κ΄‘μ†μ˜ 0.006%의 μ†λ„λ‘œ κ°€λŠ” μš°μ£Όμ„ μ„ ν•˜λ‚˜ λ³΄λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:39
At that rate, it would take over 2.5 billion years
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이 속도라면 μ€ν•˜ λμ—μ„œ λκΉŒμ§€ 25μ–΅ 년이 λ„˜κ²Œ 걸리기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
00:42
just to get from one end of the galaxy to the other.
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00:45
And then there's the question of human survival.
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μΈκ°„μ˜ 생쑴이 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:48
The gulf between stars is simply enormous.
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별과 λ³„μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ κ±°λ¦¬λŠ” μ—„μ²­λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:51
We couldn't live sustainably on most planets,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ ν–‰μ„±μ—μ„œ μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ μ‚΄ 수 μ—†κ³ ,
00:54
and we require a lot of resources to stay alive.
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생쑴을 μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” λ§Žμ€ μžμ›μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•˜μ£ .
00:57
And yet, decades ago, scholars found that it's theoretically possible
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜, μˆ˜μ‹­ λ…„ 전에 ν•™μžλ“€μ€ 인λ₯˜κ°€ μ€ν•˜λ‘œ νΌμ Έλ‚˜κ°ˆ λ•Œ
01:01
to not just spread human civilization across the galaxy,
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01:05
but to do so quite quickly,
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μ•Œλ €μ§„ 물리 법칙을 깨지 μ•Šκ³ λ„
01:07
without breaking any known laws of physics.
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λΉ λ₯Έ μ†λ„λ‘œ νΌμ Έλ‚˜κ°ˆ 수 μžˆμŒμ„ 이둠적으둜 λ°ν˜”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
Their idea is based on the work of a mathematician named John von Neumann,
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이런 생각은 μ‘΄ 폰 λ…Έμ΄λ§Œμ΄λΌλŠ” μˆ˜ν•™μžμ˜ 업적을 기초둜 ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
01:15
who designed on paper machines that could self-replicate
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κ·ΈλŠ” 자기 볡제λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ
μžμ‹ κ³Ό λ˜‘κ°™μ€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 기계듀을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 기계λ₯Ό μ„€κ³„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:18
and create new generations of themselves.
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01:21
These would later come to be known as von Neumann machines.
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μ΄λŠ” 후에 '폰 λ…Έμ΄λ§Œ 기계'라고 뢈리게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:25
In the context of space exploration,
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우주 νƒν—˜μ˜ κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ
01:27
von Neumann machines could be built on Earth
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폰 λ…Έμ΄λ§Œ 기계듀은 μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ λ‹€μŒ
01:30
and launched into space.
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우주둜 λ°œμ‚¬λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:32
There, the self-sufficient machines would land on distant planets.
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κ·Έ ν›„ 이 μžκΈ‰μžμ‘±μ΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 기계듀은 멀리 떨어진 행성에 μ°©λ₯™ν•˜κ²Œ 되고
01:36
They would then mine the available resources and harvest energy,
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그곳의 μžμ›μ„ μ±„μ·¨ν•˜κ³  μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό λͺ¨μ•„μ„œ
01:40
build replicas of themselves,
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μžμ‹ λ“€μ˜ λ³΅μ œν’ˆμ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚΄κ³ 
01:42
launch those to the nearest planets,
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이듀을 κ°€κΉŒμš΄ ν–‰μ„±λ“€λ‘œ λ°œμ‚¬ν•˜κ²Œ 되죠.
01:44
and continue the cycle.
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그리고 이런 과정이 λ°˜λ³΅λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
The result is the creation of millions of probes
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μ–΄ν•­ μ†μ—μ„œ μž‰ν¬ ν•œ 방울이 퍼지듯이
01:49
spreading outwards into the universe like a drop of ink in a fishbowl.
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수백만 개의 탐사선이 우주둜 νΌμ Έλ‚˜κ°€κ²Œ λ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:54
Scholars crunched the numbers and found that a single von Neumann machine
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ν•™μžλ“€μ΄ μ—¬λŸ¬ 수치λ₯Ό 계산해 λ³Έ κ²°κ³Ό
01:57
traveling at 5% of the speed of light
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κ΄‘μ†μ˜ 5%둜 μ΄λ™ν•˜λŠ” 폰 λ…Έμ΄λ§Œ 기계 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ”
02:00
should be able to replicate throughout our galaxy in 4 million years or less.
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4λ°±λ§Œλ…„ 내에 우리 μ€ν•˜ μ „μ—­μœΌλ‘œ 자기볡제λ₯Ό ν•΄λ‚˜κ°ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
That may sound like a long time,
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μ΄λŠ” κ½€ 느린 κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ λ“€λ¦¬μ§€λ§Œ
02:07
but when you consider that our universe is 14 billion years old,
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우주의 λ‚˜μ΄κ°€ 140μ–΅ λ…„μž„μ„ κ³ λ €ν•˜λ©΄
02:11
on a cosmic scale, it's incredibly fast -
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우주적인 규λͺ¨μ—μ„œλŠ” μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ λΉ λ₯Έ 것 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:14
the equivalent of about 2.5 hours in an entire year.
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1λ…„μœΌλ‘œ 치면 2.5μ‹œκ°„ 밖에 μ•ˆ κ±Έλ¦¬λŠ” μ…ˆμ΄μ£ .
02:19
Creating von Neumann machines would require a few technologies
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폰 λ…Έμ΄λ§Œ 기계λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ”
아직 κ°œλ°œλ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ λͺ‡ 가지 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κΈ°μˆ λ“€μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
we don't have yet,
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02:24
including advanced artificial intelligence,
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λ›°μ–΄λ‚œ μˆ˜μ€€μ˜ 인곡지λŠ₯κ³Ό
02:27
miniaturization,
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μ†Œν˜•ν™” 기술
02:28
and better propulsion systems.
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훨씬 더 λ‚˜μ€ 좔진 기술 등이 ν•„μš”ν•˜μ£ .
02:30
If we wanted to use them to spread actual humans throughout the galaxy,
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그리고 이런 κΈ°μˆ λ“€μ„ ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ 보내렀면
02:34
we would need yet another technological leap -
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이 외에도 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 기술적인 도약이 ν•„μš”ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
the ability to artificially grow biological organisms and bodies
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μœ μ „μ •λ³΄μ™€ λͺ‡κ°€μ§€ μ›λ£Œλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄μ„œ
02:41
using raw elements and genetic information.
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생물적 μœ κΈ°μ²΄μ™€ 신체λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 기술이 ν•„μš”ν•˜κ² μ§€μš”.
02:44
Regardless, if in the last billion years
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λ§Œμ•½μ— μ§€λ‚œ 10μ–΅λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ
02:47
an alien civilization created such a machine
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μ–΄λŠ 외계 λ¬Έλͺ…이 이런 기계λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆκ³ 
02:50
and set it multiplying its way toward us,
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이듀이 μ¦μ‹ν•˜λ©° 지ꡬλ₯Ό ν–₯ν•΄ μ΄λ™ν–ˆλ‹€λ©΄
02:53
our galaxy would be swarming with them by now.
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μ§€κΈˆμ―€ 우리 μ€ν•˜κ³„λŠ” 이 κΈ°κ³„λ“€λ‘œ 가득 μ°¨ 있겠죠.
02:56
So then where are all these machines?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ§€κΈˆ κ·Έ 기계듀은 어디에 μžˆλŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
02:58
Some astronomers, like Carl Sagan,
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μΉΌ 세이건과 같은 λͺ‡λͺ‡ μ²œλ¬Έν•™μžλ“€μ€
03:01
say that intelligent aliens wouldn't build self-replicating machines at all.
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지적 외계인듀은 이런 자기볡제 기계듀을 λ§Œλ“€μ§€ μ•Šμ„ 것이라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:06
They might hurtle out of control,
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이 기계듀이 ν†΅μ œλ₯Ό λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜μ„œ
03:07
scavenging planets to their cores in order to keep replicating.
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자기볡제λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄μ„œ 행성듀을 μ™„μ „νžˆ 황폐화할 μˆ˜λ„ 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ§€μš”.
03:11
Others take the machines absence as proof
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μ–΄λ–€ 이듀은 이런 기계가 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 것을
03:13
that intelligent alien civilizations don't exist,
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μ§€μ μˆ˜μ€€μ„ 가진 외계문λͺ…이 μ—†λ‹€κ³  λ³΄κ±°λ‚˜
03:17
or that they go extinct before they can develop the necessary technologies.
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ν˜Ήμ€ 이런 기계λ₯Ό 발λͺ…ν•˜κΈ° 전에 λ©Έμ’…ν•˜κ²Œ λœλ‹€λŠ” 증거둜 λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
But all this hasn't stopped people from imagining what it would be like
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κ·ΈλŸΌμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
'λ§Œμ•½μ— 이런 것듀이 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒ?' λΌλŠ” 상상을 λ©ˆμΆ”μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:25
if they were out there.
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03:27
Science fiction author David Brin
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곡상 κ³Όν•™μ†Œμ„€ μž‘κ°€ 데이빗 λΈŒλ¦°μ€
03:28
writes about a universe in which many different von Neumann machines exist
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μ—¬λŸ¬ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 폰 λ…Έμ΄λ§Œ 기계듀이
λ™μ‹œμ— μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κ³  μ¦μ‹ν•˜λŠ” μš°μ£Όμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ†Œμ„€μ„ μΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
and proliferate simultaneously.
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03:35
Some are designed to greet young civilizations,
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이듀 쀑 λͺ‡λͺ‡μ€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λ¬Έλͺ…듀을 μˆ˜μš©ν•˜λ„λ‘,
03:38
others to locate and destroy them before they become a threat.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λͺ‡ λͺ‡μ€ μœ„ν˜‘μ΄ λ˜κΈ°μ „μ— 그듀을 μ°Ύμ•„μ„œ νŒŒκ΄΄ν•˜λ„λ‘ λ””μžμΈλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
In fact, in Brin's story "Lungfish,"
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 브린의 μ†Œμ„€ '폐어'μ—μ„œλŠ”
03:44
some von Neumann machines are keeping a close watch over the Earth right now,
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λͺ‡λͺ‡μ˜ 폰 λ…Έμ΄λ§Œ 기계듀이 μ§€κΈˆ 이 μˆœκ°„ 지ꡬλ₯Ό κ°μ‹œν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
waiting for us to reach a certain level of sophistication
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그것듀은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 일정 μˆ˜μ€€κΉŒμ§€ λ°œμ „ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό κΈ°λ‹€λ Έλ‹€κ°€
03:53
before they make their move.
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움직일 μ€€λΉ„λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  있죠.
03:55
For now, all we have is curiosity and theory.
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ν˜„μž¬λ‘œμ¨ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 가진 것은 ν˜ΈκΈ°μ‹¬κ³Ό 이둠이 μ „λΆ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
But the next time you look at the night sky,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ‹€μŒμ— ν•˜λŠ˜μ„ 보게 되면
04:01
consider that billions of self-replicating machines
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μˆ˜μ‹­μ–΅μ˜ 자기볡제 기계듀이
04:04
could be advancing between stars in our galaxy right now.
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λ°”λ‘œ μ§€κΈˆ 우리 μ€ν•˜μ˜ 별듀 사이λ₯Ό μ˜€κ°€κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒμƒν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
04:09
If they exist, one of them will eventually land on Earth,
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그듀이 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ κ²°κ΅­ μ–Έμ  κ°€λŠ” 지ꡬ에 도착할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:13
or maybe, just maybe, they're already here.
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μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄, μ•„μ£Ό μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄, 이미 λ„μ°©ν–ˆμ„μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ₯΄μ£ .
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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