Mating frenzies, sperm hoards, and brood raids: The life of a fire ant queen - Walter R. Tschinkel

5,096,572 views

2020-01-16 ใƒป TED-Ed


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Mating frenzies, sperm hoards, and brood raids: The life of a fire ant queen - Walter R. Tschinkel

5,096,572 views ใƒป 2020-01-16

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: sojeng choi ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:07
Itโ€™s June, just after a heavy rainfall,
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6์›” ์–ด๋Š ๋‚ , ๋งŽ์€ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์Ÿ์•„์ง„ ํ›„
00:10
and the sky is filling with creatures we wouldnโ€™t normally expect to find there.
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์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋‚ ์•„๋‹ค๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
At first glance, this might be a disturbing sight.
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์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋†€๋ผ์šธ ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
But for the lucky males and females of Solenopsis invicta,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ํ”ํžˆ ๋ถˆ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋ผ๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„
00:23
otherwise known as fire ants, itโ€™s a day of romance.
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๋ถ‰์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์žŠ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๋‚ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
This is the nuptial flight,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ ๋น„ํ–‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
when thousands of reproduction-capable male and female ants,
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์ƒ์‹๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์ธ ์•”๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์™€ ์ˆ˜๊ฐœ๋ฏธ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
00:34
called alates, take wing for the first and last time.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์ด์ž ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํŽผ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
But even for successful males who manage to avoid winged predators,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ ๋‚œ๊ณผ ์—ญ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ด๊ฒจ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ์— ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ์ˆ˜๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์—๊ฒŒ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„
00:44
this mating frenzy will prove lethal.
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๋‚จ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ค์ง ์ฃฝ์Œ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
And for a successfully mated female, her work is only beginning.
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ์— ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ์•”๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ์‹œ์ž‘์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
Having secured a lifetime supply of sperm from her departed mate,
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์ง์ง“๊ธฐ์— ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฃฝ์€ ์ˆ˜๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ผ์ƒ๋™์•ˆ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ •์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„
00:57
our new queen must now single-handedly start an entire colony.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒˆ ์—ฌ์™•๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋…์ž์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ตฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
Descending to the ground,
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์—ฌ์™•๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋•…์— ๋‚ด๋ ค์™€
01:03
she searches for a suitable spot to build her nest.
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์ƒˆ ๋‘ฅ์ง€์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋•…์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
Ideally, she can find somewhere with loose, easy-to-dig soilโ€”
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๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ํŒŒ๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ํ™์ด ์ œ์ผ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
like farmland already disturbed by human activity.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ํ—ค์ณ๋†“์€ ๋†์ง€๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
Once she finds the perfect spot, she breaks off her wingsโ€”
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์ ๋‹นํ•œ ๋•…์„ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ฉด ์—ฌ์™•๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋‚ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋œฏ์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
creating the stubs that establish her royal status.
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๋‚ ๊ฐœ ๋œฏ์€ ํ”์ ์€ ์—ฌ์™•๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์ž„์„ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
Then, she starts digging a descending tunnel ending in a chamber.
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์—ฌ์™•๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋Š” ๊ตด์„ ํŒŒ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋์— ๋ฐฉ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
Here the queen begins laying her eggs, about ten per day,
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ์‹ญ์—ฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์•Œ์„ ๋‚ณ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:32
and the first larvae hatch within a week.
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์ผ์ฃผ์ผ ์•ˆ์— ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์• ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
Over the next three weeks,
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ 3์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ์€
01:37
the new queen relies on a separate batch of unfertilized eggs
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์—ฌ์™•๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋ฌด์ˆ˜์ •๋ž€์„ ๋‚ณ์•„์„œ
01:41
to nourish both herself and her brood,
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์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ์ข…์กฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋จน์ด๋กœ ์‚ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
losing half her body weight in the process.
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์ด ๋•Œ ์—ฌ์™•๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์˜ ๋ชธ์ง‘์ด ๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ƒ ์ค„์–ด๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
Thankfully, after about 20 days,
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20์ผ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด
01:50
these larvae grow into the first generation of workers,
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์• ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ผ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
ready to forage for food and sustain their shrunken queen.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ํž˜์—†๋Š” ์—ฌ์™•๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
Her daughters will have to work quickly thoughโ€”
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์•”๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋“ค๋„ ๋ถ„์ฃผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๋ฉฐ ๋•์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
returning their mother to good health is urgent.
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์—ฌ์™•๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
02:04
In the surrounding area,
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์ธ๊ทผ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋„
02:05
dozens of neighboring queens are building their own ant armies.
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์‹ญ์—ฌ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฌ์™• ๋ถˆ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค๋งŒ์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
These colonies have peacefully coexisted so far,
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์•„์ง์€ ๊ตฐ์ง‘๋“ค์ด ํ‰ํ™”๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๊ณต์กดํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
02:14
but once workers appear,
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์ผ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋“ค์ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด
02:16
a phenomenon known as brood-raiding begins.
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์†Œ์œ„ ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์˜ ์•ฝํƒˆ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
Workers from nests up to several meters away
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋‘ฅ์ง€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚˜์˜จ ์ผ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋“ค์€
02:23
begin to steal offspring from our queen.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ฅ์ง€์˜ ์• ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋ฅผ ์•ฝํƒˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
Our colony retaliates,
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์•ฝํƒˆ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ตฐ์ฒด๋Š” ๋ณด๋ณตํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
02:27
but new waves of raiders from even further away
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๋” ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜
02:31
overwhelm the workers.
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๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ฝํƒˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
Within hours, the raiders have taken our queenโ€™s entire brood supply
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๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์•ˆ์— ์•ฝํƒˆ์ž๋“ค์€ ์žฌ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์• ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ›”์ณ
02:37
to the largest nearby nestโ€”
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์ธ๊ทผ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋‘ฅ์ง€๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ฒจ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
and the queenโ€™s surviving daughters abandon her.
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์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์€ ์•”๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์™•๊ฐœ๋ฏธ ๊ณ์„ ๋– ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
Chasing her last chance of survival,
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์—ฌ์™•๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋Š” ์ตœํ›„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ
02:46
the queen follows the raiding trail to the winning nest.
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์•ฝํƒˆ์ž๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•ด ๋‘ฅ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
She fends off other losing queens and the defending nestโ€™s workers,
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์—ฌ์™•๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฌ์™•๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ผ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์น˜๋ฉฐ
02:54
fighting her way to the top of the brood pile.
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๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ์„œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ธ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
Her daughters help their mother succeed where other queens failโ€”
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์ด๋•Œ ์•”๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์—ฌ์™•๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€
03:01
defeating the reigning monarch, and usurping the brood pile.
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์ƒˆ ๋‘ฅ์ง€์˜ ์—ฌ์™•๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์น˜๊ณ  ์™•์ขŒ๋ฅผ ๋นผ์•—์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋•์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
Eventually, all the remaining challengers fail,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์„ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€
03:08
until only one queenโ€” and one brood pileโ€” remains.
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์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ „์Ÿ์€ ๊ณ„์†๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
Now presiding over several hundred workers in the neighborhoodโ€™s largest nest,
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์Šน๋ฆฌํ•œ ์—ฌ์™•๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋‘ฅ์ง€์—์„œ ์ผ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋Š๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ
03:18
our victorious queen begins aiding her colony in its primary goal:
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๊ตฐ์ง‘์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‚˜์•„ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:23
reproduction.
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03:24
For the next several years, the colony only produces sterile workers.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ตฐ์ฒด์—๋Š” ์ƒ์‹ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ผ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋งŒ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
But once their population exceeds about 23,000,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‘ฅ์ง€์˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒด์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋งŒ ์‚ผ์ฒœ์—ฌ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„˜์œผ๋ฉด
03:33
it changes course.
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์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
From now on, every spring,
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๊ทธ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋งค๋…„ ๋ด„๋งˆ๋‹ค
03:37
the colony will produce fertile alate males and females.
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์—ฌ์™• ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋Š” ์ƒ์‹๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
The colony spawns these larger ants throughout the early summer,
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์ดˆ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ด ๋  ๋ฌด๋ ต๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฉ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ํฐ ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋”์šฑ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ 
03:45
and returns to worker production in the fall.
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๊ฐ€์„์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ผ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
After heavy rainfalls, these alates take to the skies,
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๋งŽ์€ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด ์ƒ์‹๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๋น„ํ–‰์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
and spread their queenโ€™s genes up to a couple hundred meters downwind.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์„ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ํผ์ ธ ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
But to contribute to this annual mating frenzy,
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๋งค๋…„ ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ ๋น„ํ–‰์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
04:01
the colony must continue to thrive as one massive super-organism.
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๊ตฐ์ฒด๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดˆ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
Every day, younger ants feed the queen and tend to the brood,
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๋งค์ผ ์ Š์€ ์ผ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์™•๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”์น˜๊ณ  ์•Œ์„ ๋ณด์‚ดํ•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
while older workers forage for food and defend the nest.
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋” ์„ฑ์žฅํ•œ ์ผ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ๋‘ฅ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
When intruders strike,
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๋‘ฅ์ง€์— ์ ์ด ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ฅ์น  ๋•Œ์—๋Š”
04:15
these older warriors fend them off using poisonous venom.
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์ด๋“ค ์ผ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์‚ฐ์„ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌํ•ด์„œ ๋‘ฅ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
After rainfalls, the colony comes together,
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๋น„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์น˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด ๊ตฐ์ฒด๋Š” ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ชจ์—ฌ์„œ
04:22
using the wet dirt to expand their nest.
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์ –์€ ํ™์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๋‘ฅ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
And when a disastrous flood drowns their home,
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ํ™์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋‘ฅ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์— ์ž ๊ธฐ๋ฉด
04:28
the sisters band together into a massive living raftโ€”
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๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์™•๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
04:32
carrying their queen to safety.
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์„œ๋กœ ๋ชจ์—ฌ์„œ ํฐ ๋—๋ชฉ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
But no matter how resilient,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๊ตฐ์ง‘ ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•ด๋„
04:37
the life of a colony must come to an end.
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๊ตฐ์ฒด๋Š” ์‡ ํ‡ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋งˆ๋ จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
After about 8 years, our queen runs out of sperm
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8๋…„ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด ์—ฌ์™•๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋Š” ์ƒ์‹ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ
04:43
and can no longer replace dying workers.
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ์•Œ์„ ๋‚ณ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
The nestโ€™s population dwindles, and eventually,
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๊ตฐ์ง‘์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๋ฉด
04:49
theyโ€™re taken over by a neighboring colony.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์— ์ ๋ น๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
Our queenโ€™s reign is over, but her genetic legacy lives on.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ฌ์™•๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋Š” ๋๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์œ ์ „์ž๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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