What is dust made of? - Michael Marder

1,082,757 views ใƒป 2018-05-24

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Minseo Yun ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
"ํƒœ์ดˆ์— ๋จผ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ตœํ›„์—๋„ ๋จผ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ,
๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋„ ๋จผ์ง€, ๋จผ์ง€, ๋จผ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค!" - ์บ์„œ๋ฆฐ M. ๋ฐธ๋ŸฐํŠธ
00:06
Meet Dermatophagoides farinae.
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ํฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ๋จผ์ง€์ง„๋“œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
00:09
Crawling around on eight legs,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์–ด ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š”
00:11
this creature has no eyes to appreciate the kaleidoscope of colors around her.
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์ด ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๋งŒํ™”๊ฒฝ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ์ƒํ•  ๋ˆˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
She relies on her extraordinary sense of smell
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ํ›„๊ฐ์— ์˜์กดํ•ด์„œ
00:19
to lead her to food and safe places to lay eggs.
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๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•Œ์„ ๋‚ณ๊ธฐ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
And sheโ€™s smaller than a pinhead.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•€ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
Dermatophagoides farinae is a dust mite.
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ํฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋จผ์ง€์ง„๋“œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ง‘๋จผ์ง€์ง„๋“œ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
Less than a tenth the size of an ant,
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๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์˜ 10๋ถ„์˜ 1๋„ ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜
00:32
a dust miteโ€™s whole world is contained in the dusty film under a bed
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์ง‘๋จผ์ง€์ง„๋“œ๊ธฐ์˜ ์˜จ ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ์นจ๋Œ€ ๋ฐ‘์˜ ๋จผ์ง€ ์ธต์ด๋‚˜
00:37
or in a forgotten corner.
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์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์•ˆ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
This realm is right under our noses, but from our perspective,
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์ด ์˜์—ญ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฝ” ๋ฐ‘์— ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด
00:43
the tiny specks of brilliant color blend together into a nondescript grey.
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๋ฐ์€์ƒ‰์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์–ผ๋ฃฉ๋“ค์ด ํ•œ๋ฐ ์„ž์—ฌ ๋ณ„ ํŠน์ง• ์—†๋Š” ํšŒ์ƒ‰์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
What are these colorful microscopic particles?
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์ด ํ˜•ํ˜•์ƒ‰์ƒ‰์˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
00:53
What distinguishes the dust in your house from, say, sand on a beach
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ง‘์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋จผ์ง€๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•ด๋ณ€์˜ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
00:57
is that it is a mixture of many different ingredients.
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๋จผ์ง€๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
It can contain grains of sand,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋ž˜ ์•Œ๊ฐฑ์ด๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
01:03
dead skin cells,
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๊ฐ์งˆ
01:04
tiny hairs and threads,
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์ž‘์€ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฝ๊ณผ ์‹ค
01:06
animal dander,
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๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๋น„๋“ฌ
01:07
pollen,
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๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ
01:08
manmade pollutants,
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์ธ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ
01:09
minerals from outer space,
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์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์˜จ ๊ด‘๋ฌผ๋“ค
01:11
and, of course, dust mites.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ง‘๋จผ์ง€์ง„๋“œ๊ธฐ๋„์š”.
01:14
Dust mites eat animal dander,
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์ง‘๋จผ์ง€์ง„๋“œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๋น„๋“ฌ์ด๋‚˜
01:16
human skin,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋‚˜
01:17
and some fungi.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ณฐํŒก์ด๋ฅผ ๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
We shed dead skin cells constantly,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ์งˆ์„ ํ˜๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
and wherever we live, they mix into the household dust.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์— ์‚ด๋“ ์ง€, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ง‘์•ˆ์˜ ๋จผ์ง€๋กœ ์„ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
The same goes for our pets:
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๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
their dander and hairs enter the mix,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋น„๋“ฌ๊ณผ ํ„ธ๋“ค๋„ ์ด ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์— ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
as do tiny pieces of thread and cotton fibers from our clothes.
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์˜ท์—์„œ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ์กฐ๊ทธ๋งŒ ์‹ค ์กฐ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋ฉด์„ฌ์œ ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
These components make every householdโ€™s dust
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ๋จผ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
a unique blend of bits from its particular inhabitants.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์˜ ํŠน์ • ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž์˜ ์กฐ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋œ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์กฐํ•ฉ์ด์ฃ .
01:42
Household dust also contains substances that blow in from the wider world.
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๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ๋จผ์ง€๋Š” ๋” ๋„“์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๋‚ ์•„์˜จ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
Depending on the local geology,
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์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ง€์งˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
01:49
finely ground quartz, coal, or volcanic ash
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๊ณ ์šด ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋กœ ๋œ ์„์˜, ์„ํƒ„, ๋˜๋Š” ํ™”์‚ฐ์žฌ๊ฐ€
01:53
might enter the air as atmospheric dust,
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ ๋จผ์ง€๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์— ๋“ค์–ด์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
along with pollen and fungal spores.
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๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ์™€ ๊ณฐํŒก์ด ํฌ์ž์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜์š”.
01:59
Industrial activities also contribute cement powder,
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์‚ฐ์—… ํ™œ๋™์€ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋“ค์ด๋‚˜
02:03
particles from car tires,
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์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋ฐ”ํ€ด์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ์กฐ๊ฐ
02:04
and other chemicals to the airborne mix.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์„ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์— ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
The combination of these elements can be as unique as a fingerprint.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์€ ์ง€๋ฌธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์œ ์ผ๋ฌด์ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
In Spain, where the land is rich in carbonate materials,
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ํƒ„์‚ฐ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์˜ ๋จผ์ง€๋Š”
02:15
dust contains 20 times as much calcium as dust in Nigeria,
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๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ๋จผ์ง€์— ๋น„๊ตํ•ด 20๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์นผ์Š˜์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
where the geology is quite different.
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์ง€์งˆ์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์ž„์—๋„์š”.
02:22
After a particularly violent storm,
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์‹ฌํ•œ ํญํ’์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ํ›„์—
02:24
scientists identified dust from the Sahara Desert
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์˜ ๋จผ์ง€๋ฅผ
02:27
thousands of miles away in London,
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋งˆ์ผ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
based on its specific composition.
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๊ทธ ๋จผ์ง€์˜ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
In the future,
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—
02:34
we may be able to pinpoint the origins of dust samples even more specifically,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋จผ์ง€ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์˜ ๊ธฐ์›์„ ๋” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
down to a particular neighborhood or even house -
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ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์ด์›ƒ์ด๋‚˜, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ์ง‘๊นŒ์ง€๋„์š”.
02:43
something that may be of great help for forensic specialists.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ณผํ•™ ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
In addition to markers of humans, animals, and landscapes,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜, ๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ํ’๊ฒฝ์˜ ํŠน์ง• ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:52
dust also contains particles from further afield.
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๋จผ์ง€๋Š” ๋” ๋จผ ๊ณณ๋“ค์˜ ์ž…์ž๋„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
When a star explodes in a distant galaxy,
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๋จผ ์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ๋ณ„์ด ํญ๋ฐœํ•  ๋•Œ
02:59
super hot gases vaporize everything nearby.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ฐ€์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ฆ๋ฐœ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
Then, the dust settles; minerals condense out of the gas.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋จผ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ผ์•‰์œผ๋ฉด, ๊ฐ€์Šค์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ด‘๋ฌผ์ด ์‘์ถ•๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
Floating out there between planets and galaxies,
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ํ–‰์„ฑ๋“ค๊ณผ ์€ํ•˜๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉด์„œ
03:12
this extraterrestrial dust contains tiny pieces of extinguished stars
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์ด ์™ธ๊ณ„ ๋จผ์ง€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ๋ณ„์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์กฐ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜
03:18
and the building blocks of future celestial bodies.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ฒœ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ๋ธ”๋ก๋“ค์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
Every year, tens of thousands of tons of cosmic dust
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๋งค๋…„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ†ค์˜ ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋จผ์ง€๊ฐ€
03:26
lands on Earth and mingles with terrestrial minerals.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์— ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ด‘๋ฌผ๋“ค๊ณผ ์„ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
This blend of chemicals, minerals, and intergalactic particles
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์ด ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ๊ณผ ๊ด‘๋ฌผ๋“ค, ์€ํ•˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ž…์ž๋“ค์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์€
03:34
settles out of the air onto surfaces in our homes,
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๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง‘ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ์•ˆ์ฐฉํ•ด
03:38
mixing with the detritus of each houseโ€™s occupants.
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๊ฐ ์ง‘์˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
Stars explode,
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๋ณ„์ด ํญ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ 
03:43
mountains erode,
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์‚ฐ์ด ํ’ํ™”๋˜๊ณ 
03:44
and buildings, plants, and animals
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ, ์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์€
03:46
are all slowly but surely pulverized into fine grey powder.
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์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๊ณ ์šด ํšŒ์ƒ‰ ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
Weโ€™re all destined to become dust,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋จผ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋  ์šด๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
but itโ€™s also possible that we came from it.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์™”์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
Interstellar dust has been found to carry organic compounds through space.
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์„ฑ๊ฐ„ ๋จผ์ง€๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์„ ์šด๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
Itโ€™s possible that billions of years ago,
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๋…„ ์ „์—
04:06
some of these cosmic particles were the seed of life
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์ด ์šฐ์ฃผ ์ž…์ž๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž‘๊ณ  ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ ํ–‰์„ฑ์˜
04:09
on our little blue planet.
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์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ์”จ์•—์ด์—ˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
TED-Ed์˜ Patreon ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์‹  ์  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ๋ถ€๊ธˆ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋น„์˜๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ํŠน์ „์ด ์ œ๊ณต๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
TEDx ์ƒต์—์„œ์˜ ํ• ์ธ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์˜ ์ „์šฉ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ์ด์ฃ .
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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