Can you outsmart the fallacy that started a witch hunt? - Elizabeth Cox

1,274,029 views

2020-10-26 ・ TED-Ed


New videos

Can you outsmart the fallacy that started a witch hunt? - Elizabeth Cox

1,274,029 views ・ 2020-10-26

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:10
Ah, a witch hunt.
0
10703
2136
λ§ˆλ…€μ‚¬λƒ₯이ꡰ.
00:12
Humans are tireless in their pursuit of reason.
1
12839
3630
인간은 이성을 μ’‡λŠ” 데 μ§€μΉ˜μ§ˆ μ•Šλ„€.
00:16
"It’s 1950.
2
16469
1811
1950λ…„,
00:18
Following threats from the communist governments of the Soviet Union and China,
3
18280
4720
쀑ꡭ과 μ†Œλ ¨ κ³΅μ‚°μ£Όμ˜ μ •λΆ€μ˜ μœ„ν˜‘μ— λŒ€μ‘ν•˜μ—¬
미ꡭ의 반곡 μ •μ„œλŠ” 사상 μ΅œκ³ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
anti-communist sentiment in the United States is at an all-time high.
4
23000
4882
00:27
Senator Joseph McCarthy claims he has a list of 205 communists in the US
5
27882
6552
λ§€μΉ΄μ‹œ 상원 μ˜μ›μ€
μžμ‹ μ΄ λ―Έκ΅­λ‚΄ κ³΅μ‚°μ£Όμ˜μž 205λͺ…μ˜ λͺ…단을 ν™•λ³΄ν–ˆκ³ 
00:34
who are influencing government policy."
6
34434
2540
이듀이 μ •λΆ€ 정책에 영ν–₯을 μ£Όκ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ£Όμž₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:38
Didn’t I just change the channel?
7
38334
3080
금방 채널을 λŒλ¦¬μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‚˜?
00:41
Ah, I see. It’s a different witch hunt.
8
41414
3330
μ•Œκ² κ΅°, λ‹€λ₯Έ λ§ˆλ…€μ‚¬λƒ₯이넀.
00:44
"The senate forms a committee to investigate McCarthy’s claims.
9
44744
3620
λ§€μΉ΄μ‹œμ˜ μ£Όμž₯을 μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜λ €κ³  상원은 μœ„μ›νšŒλ₯Ό κ΅¬μ„±ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:48
McCarthy names his first case:
10
48364
2620
λ§€μΉ΄μ‹œκ°€ 첫 번째둜 μ§€μ ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ€
00:50
against prominent lawyer, judge, and activist Dorothy Kenyon.
11
50984
4900
β€™μœ λͺ…ν•œ 법λ₯ κ°€, νŒμ‚¬μ΄μž ν™œλ™κ°€μΈ λ„λ‘œμ‹œ μΌ€λ‹ˆμ–Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
He accuses her of membership to 28 organizations that are communist fronts.
12
55884
5129
κ·Έλ…€κ°€ κ³΅μ‚°μ£Όμ˜ μ „μ„  단체 28κ°œμ— κ°€μž…ν•œ ν˜μ˜κ°€ μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ£Όμž₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ „κ΅­ κ°μ§€μ˜ 신문이 μΌ€λ‹ˆμ–Έμ„ λ³€ν˜Έν•˜λŸ¬ λͺ°λ €μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
Newspapers around the country rush to her defense,
13
61013
2840
01:03
pointing out her vocally anti-communist record.
14
63853
3630
κ°•κ²½ν•œ 반곡 행적을 근거둜 λŒ‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
[빨갱이가 μ•„λ‹ˆλ‹€]
01:07
The senate committee schedules a hearing anyway,
15
67483
2990
μ–΄μ¨Œλ“  상원 μœ„μ›νšŒλŠ” μ²­λ¬Έ 일정을 μ •ν–ˆκ³ 
01:10
and she has just five days to prepare."
16
70473
3650
μΌ€λ‹ˆμ–Έμ΄ μ€€λΉ„ν•  μ‹œκ°„μ€ 단 5μΌμœμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이건 λ„ˆλ¬΄ν•˜λ„€!
01:14
This is too much.
17
74123
1950
01:16
If the government won’t be a voice of reason, I’ll have to.
18
76073
3820
μ •λΆ€κ°€ μ΄μ„±μ˜ λͺ©μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό 내지 μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄ λ‚΄κ°€ ν•  μˆ˜λ°–μ—.
[μ΄μ„±μ˜ ν™”μ‹ ]
01:30
That’s better.
19
90068
1518
훨씬 λ‚«κ΅°.
01:31
I’m surprised you good legislators have agreed to move this hearing forward.
20
91586
5204
ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ μ˜μ›λ‹˜λ“€κ»˜μ„œ 청문회λ₯Ό μ•žλ‹ΉκΈ°μ…¨λ‹€λ‹ˆ λ†€λžλ„€μš”.
01:36
You’re falling prey to a type of argument from ignorance:
21
96790
3110
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 무지에 μ˜ν•œ 논증에 빠지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
assuming that a claim is true because it hasn’t been proven false.
22
99900
4415
κ±°μ§“μœΌλ‘œ μž…μ¦λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μœΌλ‹ˆ 사싀이라 μΆ”μ •ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
01:44
The claim being Senator McCarthy’s accusations against Judge Kenyon,
23
104315
4388
λ§€μΉ΄μ‹œ 상원 μ˜μ›μ€ μΌ€λ‹ˆμ–Έ νŒμ‚¬μ˜ 혐의λ₯Ό μ œκΈ°ν•˜λ©°
01:48
for which he provided no legitimate evidence.
24
108703
3921
ν•©λ‹Ήν•œ 증거λ₯Ό μ œμ‹œν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:52
Is that right? I thought so.
25
112624
3230
맞죠? 그럴 쀄 μ•Œμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
Some of the so-called communist organizations he accused her of joining
26
115854
4950
μΌ€λ‹ˆμ–Έμ΄ κ°€μž…ν–ˆλ‹€κ³  λΉ„λ‚œλ°›μ€ 이λ₯Έλ°” κ³΅μ‚°μ£Όμ˜ 단체 쀑 μΌλΆ€λŠ”
02:00
don’t even exist.
27
120804
2060
μ‹€μ œ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ§€λ„ μ•Šμ•„μš”.
02:02
To assume a claim is true because it hasn’t been proven false
28
122864
4665
거짓이라 μž…μ¦λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 사싀이라고 κ°€μ •ν•˜λŠ” 것은
02:07
ignores many other possibilities:
29
127529
2550
λ‹€λ₯Έ λ§Žμ€ κ°€λŠ₯성을 λ°°μ œν•˜μ£ .
02:10
that it hasn’t been proven false yet, that it can’t be proven true or false,
30
130079
4859
즉, 아직 κ±°μ§“μœΌλ‘œ μž…μ¦λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜κ±°λ‚˜ 사싀 λ˜λŠ” 거짓을 μž…μ¦ν•  수 μ—†κ±°λ‚˜
02:14
or that it isn’t completely true or completely false, to name a few.
31
134938
4540
μ™„μ „νžˆ 사싀이 μ•„λ‹ˆκ±°λ‚˜ μ™„μ „νžˆ 거짓이 아닐 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
02:19
This leads to a handy rule of thumb:
32
139478
2810
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이런 μœ μš©ν•œ κ²½ν—˜μΉ™μ΄ 생겼죠.
02:22
the burden of proof lies with the person making the claim.
33
142288
3590
β€˜μ£Όμž₯ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μž…μ¦ μ±…μž„μ„ 진닀.’
02:25
In other words, you make the claim, you supply the proof.
34
145878
4325
즉, μ–΄λ–€ μ£Όμž₯을 ν•˜λ €λ©΄ 증거도 μ œμ‹œν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
If someone told you aliens exist,
35
150203
2890
λˆ„κ΅°κ°€ 외계인이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ§ν•˜λ©΄
02:33
would you head off to find proof that they don’t exist?
36
153093
3470
외계인이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” 증거λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„ λ‚˜μ„€ κ±΄κ°€μš”?
02:36
Of course not.
37
156563
1407
λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
You’d tell that person to show you the UFO.
38
157970
4130
그런 말을 ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ UFOλ₯Ό 보여달라고 ν•˜κ² μ£ .
02:42
The same applies when someone makes a claim
39
162100
2560
λˆ„κ΅°κ°€κ°€ ν™•λ¦½λœ ν•©μ˜μ— λ°˜ν•˜λŠ” μ£Όμž₯을 ν•  λ•Œμ—λ„ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
that contradicts an established consensus.
40
164660
3290
02:47
So when all the available evidence suggests
41
167950
2490
얻을 수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  증거가
02:50
that humans are causing an increase in global temperatures,
42
170440
3680
인λ₯˜κ°€ μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ μ˜¨λ„λ₯Ό μ˜¬λ¦°λ‹€κ³  μ‹œμ‚¬ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
02:54
the burden of proof has been fulfilledβ€”
43
174120
2560
μž…μ¦ μ±…μž„μ΄ 좩쑱된 κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
02:56
if you disagree, it becomes your responsibility to prove otherwise.
44
176680
6390
이에 λ™μ˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄ 그렇지 μ•Šλ‹¨ 증λͺ…은 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ λͺ«μ΄μ—μš”.
03:03
Right?
45
183070
1000
맞죠?
03:06
Ah, I’ve gotten ahead of myself.
46
186088
2470
μ•„, μ œκ°€ λ„ˆλ¬΄ μ•žμ„œ λ‚˜κ°”λ„€μš”.
03:08
You’ll see what I mean soon enough.
47
188558
2540
제 말이 무슨 λœ»μΈμ§€ 곧 μ•Œ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
03:11
Anyway, your legal system supposedly recognizes this ruleβ€”
48
191098
4629
μ–΄μ¨Œλ“  μ‚¬λ²•λΆ€λŠ” 이 법칙을 μ•„λ§ˆ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ„ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
03:15
so what are you all doing here?
49
195727
2750
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ λŒ€μ²΄ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 뭘 ν•˜λŠ” κ±΄κ°€μš”?
03:25
"It’s July 17th, 1950,
50
205318
2980
β€œ1950λ…„ 7μ›” 17일에
03:28
and the senate subcommittee has officially dismissed all charges against Kenyon."
51
208298
4772
상원 μ†Œμœ„μ›νšŒλŠ” μΌ€λ‹ˆμ–Έμ— λŒ€ν•œ λͺ¨λ“  혐의λ₯Ό κΈ°κ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.”
03:33
As they should!
52
213070
1840
λ‹Ήμ—°ν•˜μ§€!
03:34
"It’s 1954, and the senate has formally disciplined McCarthy."
53
214910
5331
β€œ1954λ…„, 상원은 κ³΅μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ λ§€μΉ΄μ‹œ μ˜μ›μ„ μ§•κ³„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.”
03:40
Took them long enough!
54
220241
1474
λ„ˆλ¬΄ 였래 κ±Έλ Έμ–΄!
03:41
"He will serve out the rest of his term,
55
221715
1920
β€œλ‚¨μ€ μž„κΈ° λ™μ•ˆ μ˜μ›μ§μ„ μœ μ§€ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
03:43
but will never again be elected to a public office.
56
223635
3190
λ‹€μ‹œλŠ” 곡직에 μ„ μΆœλ˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:46
Because of his widespread anti-communist influence,
57
226825
3340
κ·Έκ°€ λͺ°κ³  온 반곡주의 선풍 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
03:50
hundreds of people have been incarcerated, and thousands have lost their jobs."
58
230165
5300
수백 λͺ…이 투μ˜₯되고 수천 λͺ…이 일자리λ₯Ό μžƒμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.”
03:59
Ah! Look what the communists did!
59
239708
3040
κ³΅μ‚°μ£Όμ˜μžλ“€μ΄ ν•œ 게 뭔지 λ³΄μ„Έμš”!
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7