Who's at risk for colon cancer? - Amit H. Sachdev and Frank G. Gress

913,354 views ・ 2018-01-04

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: JY Kang κ²€ν† : Won Jang
00:09
If you were to lay your digestive tract out in a straight line,
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μž₯을 ν•œ μ€„λ‘œ 길게 λŠ˜μ–΄ λ†“λŠ”λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
00:12
it would form a tube spanning nearly ten meters.
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그러면 κ·Έ 길이가 거의 10 mλ‚˜ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:16
The last 1.5 meters of that are called the colon, or large intestine.
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κ·Έ 끝의 1.5mλŠ” λŒ€μž₯, λ˜λŠ” 큰 μ°½μžμ— ν•΄λ‹Ήν•˜μ£ .
00:21
Cells in this organ's lining constantly renew themselves,
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μž₯의 λ‚΄λ²½μ—μ„œλŠ” κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 세포가 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
but the genes that moderate this process occasionally go awry,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έ 과정을 적절히 μ‘°μ ˆν•˜λŠ” μœ μ „μžμ— λ¬Έμ œκ°€ 생기면
00:29
leading to the excessive growth of new cells.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 세포듀이 μ§€λ‚˜μΉ˜κ²Œ μ„±μž₯ν•˜κ²Œ 되죠.
00:33
That results in small growths or abnormal clumps of cells called polyps.
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그러면 μž‘μ€ μ’…μ–‘, λ˜λŠ” μš©μ’…μ΄λΌκ³  ν•˜λŠ” 비정상적인 세포 덩어리가 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:39
The majority of these polyps won't do any harm,
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이 μš©μ’…μ˜ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€ μ•„λ¬΄λŸ° ν”Όν•΄λ₯Ό 주지 μ•Šμ§€λ§Œ
00:41
but some can become cancerous when their cells begin to grow
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κ·Έ 쀑 일뢀가 μ•…μ„±μœΌλ‘œ λ°”λ€Œλ©΄ 크기가 컀지고 세포뢄열이 급격해져
00:45
and divide rapidly,
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00:47
projecting further into the colon.
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λŒ€μž₯ μ•ˆμͺ½μœΌλ‘œ νŠ€μ–΄λ‚˜μ˜€κ²Œ 되죠.
00:49
At that point, they can transform into colon cancer,
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λ°”λ‘œ κ·Έλ•Œκ°€ λŒ€μž₯μ•”μœΌλ‘œ λ°”λ€ŒλŠ” μˆœκ°„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
one of the most prevalent and preventable forms of cancer in the world.
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μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ κ°€μž₯ μΌλ°˜μ μ΄μ§€λ§Œ μ˜ˆλ°©ν•˜κΈ°λ„ μ‰¬μš΄ ν˜•νƒœμ˜ 암이죠.
00:58
That's a slow process:
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이 암은 변이 과정이 λŠλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:00
though growth times vary,
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κ²½μš°μ— 따라 λ‹€λ₯΄μ§€λ§Œ 보톡 μ•½ 10년이 κ²½κ³Όν•΄μ•Ό
01:01
it often takes around ten years for a small polyp
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μž‘μ€ μš©μ’…μ΄ μžλΌμ„œ μ•”μœΌλ‘œ λ°œμ „ν•˜κ²Œ 되죠.
01:05
to grow and develop into a cancerous one.
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01:09
We don't know exactly what causes
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λŒ€μž₯ μš©μ’…κ³Ό λŒ€μž₯μ•”μ˜ 원인이 λ¬΄μ—‡μΈμ§€λŠ” 아직 μ •ν™•νžˆ μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆμ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:11
the majority of colon polyps and colon cancers.
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01:14
We do know in general that colon cancer involves the activation
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λ‹€λ§Œ, 이미 μ•Œλ €μ§„ 사싀은
λŒ€μž₯μ•”μ˜ λ°œλ³‘μ—λŠ” μš©μ’… λ‚΄ λ°œμ•” μœ μ „μžμ˜ ν™œμ„±ν™”λ‚˜
01:18
of what's called oncogenes in the polyp,
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01:21
and/or the loss of tumor-suppressor genes that usually keep cancer cells in check.
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암세포λ₯Ό κ°μ‹œν•˜λŠ” μ’…μ–‘ μ–΅μ œ μœ μ „μžμ˜ 손싀이 κ΄€λ ¨λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:27
Most cells have proto-oncogenes that help them grow.
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ 세포듀은 μ„±μž₯을 λ•λŠ” λ°œμ•” 원인 μœ μ „μžλ₯Ό κ°–κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:31
When a proto-oncogene mutates, or there are two many copies of it,
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λ°œμ•” 원인 μœ μ „μžκ°€ λŒμ—°λ³€μ΄ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ κ·Έ μœ μ „μžκ°€ λ„ˆλ¬΄ 많이 볡제되면
01:34
it can become a permanently active oncogene
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영ꡬ적으둜 ν™œλ™ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜λŠ” μ’…μ–‘ μœ μ „μžλ‘œ λ°”λ€Œμ–΄
01:37
with cells that grow out of control.
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세포 μ„±μž₯을 μ‘°μ ˆν•  수 μ—†κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
While we don't yet know exactly what underlying factors cause these changes,
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μ•„μ§κΉŒμ§€λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 변이λ₯Ό μΌμœΌν‚€λŠ” 근본적인 μš”μΈμ΄ λ°ν˜€μ§€μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ•˜μ§€λ§Œ
01:45
experts suspect a combination of both environmental
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전문가듀은 ν™˜κ²½μ  μš”μΈκ³Ό μœ μ „μ  μš”μΈμ˜ κ²°ν•© λ•Œλ¬ΈμΈ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ˜μ‹¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:48
and inherited genetic factors.
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μ•„μ£Ό μ‹¬κ°ν•œ κ²½μš°μ—λŠ”
01:52
In the worst cases, when cells within polyps divide and spread unchecked,
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μš©μ’… μ•ˆμ˜ 세포듀이 κ±·μž‘μ„ 수 없이 λΆ„μ—΄ν•΄ νΌμ Έλ‚˜κ°€κ³ 
01:56
they eventually break through the lining of the colon.
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κ²°κ΅­ λŒ€μž₯벽을 뚫고 λ‚˜κ°€κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
Lymph and blood vessels carry those cells all over the body,
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이 세포듀은 μž„νŒŒμ„ κ³Ό ν˜ˆκ΄€μ„ 톡해 온λͺΈμœΌλ‘œ 퍼져
02:04
and they can go on to form tumors.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 쒅양을 μΌμœΌν‚€κ²Œ 되죠.
02:06
Despite these challenges, there's a solution.
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이런 어렀움에도 λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ , 해결책은 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:09
We've become extremely good at detecting and removing offending polyps
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λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ˜λŠ” μš©μ’…μ„ μ°Ύμ•„μ„œ μ—†μ• λŠ” 데에 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό 쒋은 κΈ°μˆ μ„ κ°–κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:14
before they can cause cancer.
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암이 되기 전에 μ—†μ• λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
02:16
This happens through a process called screening,
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그것은 검진 κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ”λ°
02:18
and when we do it regularly, we can prevent many cases of colon cancer.
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정기적인 검진을 톡해 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ λŒ€μž₯암을 μ˜ˆλ°©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
So, who's at risk?
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그럼, λˆ„κ°€ λŒ€μž₯암에 걸리기 μ‰¬μšΈκΉŒμš”?
02:25
Most cases occur in people aged 50 years or older.
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ κ²½μš°λŠ” 50μ„Έ μ΄μƒμ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œμ„œ λ°œλ³‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
This group is considered at average risk for colon cancer or colon polyps.
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이 그룹은 λŒ€μž₯μ•”μ΄λ‚˜ λŒ€μž₯ μš©μ’…μ˜ 보톡 μœ„ν—˜κ΅°μœΌλ‘œ κ°„μ£Όλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:35
There's also a higher risk group that includes people with personal
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λ˜ν•œ κ³ μœ„ν—˜κ΅°μ— μ†ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
λŒ€μž₯ μš©μ’…μ΄λ‚˜ λŒ€μž₯μ•”κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨ν•œ 개인 병λ ₯μ΄λ‚˜ κ°€μ‘±λ ₯을 κ°€μ‘Œκ±°λ‚˜
02:38
or family histories of colon polyps or cancer,
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02:42
and those who suffer from inherited genetic syndromes,
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μœ μ „μ  μ¦ν›„κ΅°μ΄λ‚˜ 염증 μ§ˆν™˜μ„ 가진 μ‚¬λžŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
or inflammatory diseases,
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02:47
like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.
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ν¬λ‘ λ³‘μ΄λ‚˜ κΆ€μ–‘μ„± λŒ€μž₯염을 μ•“λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄μ£ .
02:51
So the best age to initiate screening varies from person to person.
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검진을 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κΈ°μ— 쒋은 λ‚˜μ΄λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ— 따라 λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:55
If you have access to healthcare,
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보건 기관을 μ°Ύμ•„κ°€μ„œ
02:57
it's best to consult a doctor to find out when you should begin.
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μ–Έμ œ 검진을 μ‹œμž‘ν•΄μ•Ό 할지 μ˜μ‚¬μ™€ μƒλ‹΄ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:02
Screening can be done with various tests.
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검진 방법은 λ‹€μ–‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:04
Colonoscopy involves a long, thin, flexible tube
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λŒ€μž₯ λ‚΄μ‹œκ²½μ€ κ°€λŠ˜κ³  κΈ΄ μœ μ—°ν•œ 튜브 끝에
03:08
that's fitted with a video camera and light at the end
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카메라와 μ‘°λͺ…이 달렀 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
λͺΈ μ•ˆμ— λ„£μ–΄μ„œ λŒ€μž₯ μš©μ’…μ„ 검사할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
and placed internally to examine the colon for polyps.
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03:15
If polyps are found, a doctor can do a polypectomy,
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μš©μ’…μ΄ 발견되면, μ˜μ‚¬λ“€μ€ μš©μ’… μ ˆμ œμˆ μ„ μ‹€μ‹œν•  수 있죠.
03:19
a procedure that removes polyps from the colonic wall.
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λ°”λ‘œ λŒ€μž₯λ²½μ—μ„œ μš©μ’…μ„ λ–Όμ–΄λ‚΄λŠ” μ‹œμˆ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
Doctors can also then test the polyp for cancerous cells.
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μ˜μ‚¬λ“€μ€ μš©μ’…μ΄ μ•” 세포인지 검사λ₯Ό ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λŒ€μž₯ λ‚΄μ‹œκ²½μ€ μš©μ’…μ˜ 발견과 제거λ₯Ό λͺ¨λ‘ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μœ μΌν•œ 검사법이죠.
03:27
Colonoscopy is the only test that can be used to both find and remove polyps.
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03:32
There are, however, other useful screening tests,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜, λ‹€λ₯Έ μœ μš©ν•œ 검진 방법도 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:35
including imaging
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쑰영 μ΄¬μ˜μ΄λ‚˜
03:36
and at-home tests that can allow patients
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λŒ€λ³€μ— μžˆλŠ” μ†ŒλŸ‰μ˜ ν˜ˆμ•‘μ„ κ²€μ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” κ°€μ •μš© 진단법이 그것이죠.
03:39
to examine their stool for small amounts of blood.
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03:42
Occasionally, polyps are too large to be removed during a colonoscopy,
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λ•Œλ‘œλŠ”, μš©μ’…μ΄ λ„ˆλ¬΄ μ»€μ„œ λ‚΄μ‹œκ²½μœΌλ‘œ μ œκ±°ν•  수 μ—†λŠ” κ²½μš°λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
그런 κ²½μš°μ—λŠ”, 수술둜 λ„˜μ–΄κ°€κ²Œ 되죠.
03:48
in which case, the next step is surgery.
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03:50
If blood and imaging tests then reveal
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ν˜ˆμ•‘ 검사와 쑰영 μ΄¬μ˜μ„ 톡해
암세포가 λŒ€μž₯ λ°”κΉ₯으둜 νΌμ ΈμžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ°ν˜€μ§€λ©΄
03:53
that cancerous cells have spread outside the colon,
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03:56
then a special treatment, like chemotherapy,
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μ•½λ¬Ό μš”λ²• 같은 νŠΉλ³„ν•œ μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•μœΌλ‘œ μ•”μ˜ μ•…ν™”λ₯Ό 막아야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:58
may also be required to stop the cancer from escalating.
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04:03
We can also take on certain habits
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무엇보닀도 λŒ€μž₯μ•” κ°€λŠ₯성을 μ€„μ΄λŠ” λͺ‡λͺ‡ μƒν™œ μŠ΅κ΄€μ„ κ°€μ Έμ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:05
to reduce our likelihood of developing colon cancer in the first place.
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04:09
There's evidence that maintaining a healthy weight,
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적정 체쀑 μœ μ§€, κΈˆμ—°, μš΄λ™μ΄ 도움이 λœλ‹€κ³  증λͺ…λ˜μ–΄ 있죠.
04:12
not smoking,
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04:13
and being physically active can help.
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04:15
But most importantly, access to healthcare
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은
보건 기관을 λ°©λ¬Έν•˜μ—¬ 적기에 μ •κΈ° 검진을 ν•˜λŠ” 것이
04:18
and regular screenings at crucial times in life
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04:21
are the best ways to prevent colon cancer.
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λŒ€μž₯암을 μ˜ˆλ°©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κ°€μž₯ 쒋은 λ°©λ²•μ΄λΌλŠ” μ‚¬μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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