The epic of Gilgamesh, the king who tried to conquer death - Soraya Field Fiorio

4,088,882 views ・ 2021-06-01

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Soyun Cho κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:06
In 1849, in the ancient city of Nineveh in northern Iraq,
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1849λ…„, 이라크 λΆλΆ€μ˜ κ³ λŒ€ λ„μ‹œ λ‹ˆλ„€λ² μ—μ„œ
00:12
archaeologists sifted through dusty remains,
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κ³ κ³ ν•™μžλ“€μ΄ λ¨Όμ§€ μŒ“μΈ μœ μ μ§€λ₯Ό μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:15
hoping to find records to prove that Bible stories were true.
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μ„±κ²½μ˜ 이야기가 μ‚¬μ‹€μ΄λΌλŠ” 증거λ₯Ό μ°ΎμœΌλ €λŠ” λͺ©μ μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
00:20
What they found instead was one of the oldest libraries in the world.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹€ μš°μ—°νžˆ μ„Έμƒμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 였래된 μž₯μ„œ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:24
Inscribed on crumbling clay tablets was a 4,000-year-old story
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잘게 λΆ€μ„œμ§„ μ ν† νŒμ— 4000년이 된 이야기가 μƒˆκ²¨μ Έ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
so riveting the first person to translate it started stripping from excitement.
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λ‚΄μš©μ΄ λ„ˆλ¬΄ ν₯λ―Έμ§„μ§„ν•΄μ„œ 처음 ν•΄μ„ν•œ 이가 감탄할 μ •λ„μ˜€μ£ .
00:37
Called the epic of Gilgamesh,
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κΈΈκ°€λ©”μ‹œ μ„œμ‚¬μ‹œλΌκ³  λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ”
00:39
the story starts with Gilgamesh, king of the city of Uruk,
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이 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ” λ„μ‹œ 우루크의 왕인 κΈΈκ°€λ©”μ‹œμ˜ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
crashing every wedding and sleeping with the bride
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κ·ΈλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  κ²°ν˜Όμ„ νŒŒνƒ„ λ‚΄λ©°
00:47
before she has a chance to sleep with her husband.
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μ‹ λΆ€κ°€ μ‹ λž‘κ³Ό 첫날밀을 치λ₯΄κΈ° 전에 신뢀와 잠자리λ₯Ό κ°€μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:51
To tame Gilgamesh, the goddess Aruru created a rival called Enkidu.
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κ·Έλ₯Ό 길듀이기 μœ„ν•΄, 아루루 여신은 경쟁자 엔킀두λ₯Ό λΉšμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:57
Enkidu lived beyond the walls of the city,
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μ—”ν‚€λ‘λŠ” λ„μ‹œ μž₯λ²½ λ„ˆλ¨Έ μ‚΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:00
where chaos reigned and wild animals, invaders, and evil spirits prowled.
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혼돈이 μ§€λ°°ν•˜κ³  야생동물, μΉ¨μž…μž, μ•…ν•œ μ˜ν˜Όλ“€μ΄ λ°°νšŒν•˜λŠ” κ³³μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
01:06
After a priestess of the goddess Ishtar seduced Enkidu,
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μ΄μŠˆνƒ€λ₯΄ μ—¬μ‹ μ˜ μ‚¬μ œκ°€ 엔킀두λ₯Ό μœ ν˜Ήν•˜μž
01:11
the wild animals beyond the wall rejected him and he ventured into the city.
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μž₯λ²½ λ„ˆλ¨Έμ˜ 동물듀은 κ·Έλ₯Ό μ™Έλ©΄ν–ˆκ³  κ·ΈλŠ” λ„μ‹œλ‘œ λ– λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:16
There, he encountered Gilgamesh up to his usual tricks.
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κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ 늘 ν–‰νŒ¨λ₯Ό λΆ€λ¦¬λ˜ κΈΈκ°€λ©”μ‹œμ™€ μ‘°μš°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
Enkidu stepped in to stop him.
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μ—”ν‚€λ‘λŠ” 왕을 μ €μ§€ν•˜λ € λ‚˜μ„°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:24
Almost perfectly matched, the two men wrestled all through the city streets
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λΉ„λ“±λΉ„λ“±ν–ˆλ˜ 두 μ‚¬λžŒμ€ λ„μ‹œμ˜ 거리λ₯Ό νœ©μ“Έλ©° μ‹Έμ› κ³ 
01:29
until Gilgamesh won the fight by a hair.
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μ•„μŠ¬μ•„μŠ¬ν•˜κ²Œ κΈΈκ°€λ©”μ‹œκ°€ μ΄κΉλ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
Afterwards, they were inseparable.
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κ·Έ 이후 λ‘˜μ€ 단짝이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:36
With his new friend, Gilgamesh turned his attention from the brides of Uruk
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 친ꡬ의 영ν–₯으둜 κΈΈκ°€λ©”μ‹œλŠ” 우루크의 μ‹ λΆ€κ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ
01:40
to proving his strength in combat.
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κ²°νˆ¬μ—μ„œ νž˜μ„ μž…μ¦ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 관심을 λŒλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
They set out to slay Humbaba,
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그듀은 ν›”λ°”λ°”λ₯Ό 무찌λ₯΄λŸ¬ λ– λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:45
a creature with a thousand faces who guarded the trees of the Forest of Cedar.
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1000개의 얼꡴을 κ°€μ§„ 생λͺ…μ²΄λ‘œ μ‚Όλ‚˜λ¬΄ 숲의 μˆ˜ν˜Έμžμ˜€μ£ .
01:52
They tracked Humbaba and ambushed him.
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그듀은 ν›”λ°”λ°”λ₯Ό μΆ”μ ν•˜κ³  기슡 κ³΅κ²©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
Cornered, he begged for his life,
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ꢁ지에 λͺ°λ¦° 괴물은 살렀달라고 λΉŒλ‹€κ°€
01:57
then cursed them as Gilgamesh dealt the final blow.
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κΈΈκ°€λ©”μ‹œκ°€ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ 타격을 λ‚ λ¦¬λŠ” ν‹ˆμ— κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ €μ£Όλ₯Ό λ‚΄λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:02
Back home in Uruk, the goddess Ishtar took a romantic interest in Gilgamesh.
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우루크둜 λŒμ•„μ˜¨ ν›„, μ΄μŠˆνƒ€λ₯΄ 여신이 κΈΈκ°€λ©”μ‹œμ—κ²Œ ν˜Έκ°μ„ λ³΄μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:08
Knowing she tended to lose interest and curse her former flames,
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ν₯λ―Έλ₯Ό 금방 μžƒκ³  ν—€μ–΄μ§„ 연인을 μ €μ£Όν•˜λŠ” κ·Έλ…€μ˜ 버릇을 μ•ŒκΈ°μ—
02:13
Gilgamesh refused her advances.
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κΈΈκ°€λ©”μ‹œλŠ” κ·Έλ…€μ˜ ꡬ애λ₯Ό κ±°μ ˆν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:16
So Ishtar unleashed the Bull of Heaven on Uruk to destroy crops and kill people.
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μ΄μŠˆνƒ€λ₯΄λŠ” μš°λ£¨ν¬μ— ν•˜λŠ˜μ˜ ν™©μ†Œλ₯Ό ν’€μ–΄ λ†μž‘λ¬Όμ„ 망치고 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ μ£½μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:22
When Gilgamesh and Enkidu slayed the creature defending the city,
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κΈΈκ°€λ©”μ‹œμ™€ 엔킀두가 λ„μ‹œλ₯Ό μ§€ν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν™©μ†Œλ₯Ό 죽이자
02:27
the gods killed Enkidu.
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신듀이 엔킀두λ₯Ό μ£½μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
He entered the House of Dust,
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κΈΈκ°€λ©”μ‹œλŠ” λ¨Όμ§€μ˜ μ§‘μœΌλ‘œ λ“€μ–΄κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:33
the shadowy Mesopotamian underworld where the spirits of the dead
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λ©”μ†Œν¬νƒ€λ―Έμ•„μ˜ κ·ΈλŠ˜μ§„ μ§€ν•˜μ„Έκ³„λ‘œ
02:38
knelt eternally on the ground, eating dirt and drinking stone.
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μ‚¬μžμ˜ 영혼이 땅에 μ˜μ›νžˆ λ°•ν˜€ λ¨Όμ§€λ₯Ό λ¨Ήκ³  λŒμ„ λ§ˆμ‹œλŠ” κ³³μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
02:43
Grieving for Enkidu and terrified of meeting this fate himself,
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μ—”ν‚€λ‘μ˜ 죽음이 λΉ„ν†΅ν•˜λ©΄μ„œλ„ 같은 운λͺ…을 λ§ˆμ£Όν•  곡포감에
02:47
Gilgamesh set off beyond the cosmic mountains to seek immortality.
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κΈΈκ°€λ©”μ‹œλŠ” μ˜μƒμ„ μ°Ύμ•„ κ΄‘ν™œν•œ μ‚°λ§₯ λ„ˆλ¨Έλ‘œ λ– λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
He passed scorpion people and groves of gemstone trees,
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μ „κ°ˆμΈκ³Ό 보석 λ‚˜λ¬΄μ˜ μˆ²μ„ μ§€λ‚˜κ³ 
02:58
travelled beneath the mountains and outran the rising sun,
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μ‚° μ•„λž˜λ₯Ό κ±·κ³  λ– μ˜€λ₯΄λŠ” νƒœμ–‘λ³΄λ‹€ 빨리 달렀
03:02
until he finally came to the end of the world,
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λ§ˆμΉ¨λ‚΄ μ„Έμƒμ˜ 끝에 λ„μ°©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:06
where he found a bar.
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κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ κΈΈκ°€λ©”μ‹œλŠ” μˆ μ§‘μ„ λ°œκ²¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
The bartender was a goddess named Shiduri,
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μˆ μ§‘μ˜ 주인인 μ—¬μ‹  μ‹œλ‘λ¦¬λŠ”
03:12
who urged Gilgamesh to give up his quest.
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κ·Έμ—κ²Œ 여행을 ν¬κΈ°ν•˜λΌκ³  μ„€λ“ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
She told him all mortals must die,
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  인간은 λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ μ£½μ§€λ§Œ
03:19
but until death comes, he should enjoy his life.
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κ·ΈλŸ°λ°λ„ 죽음이 였기 μ „κΉŒμ§€λŠ” 삢을 μ¦κ²¨μ•Όν•œλ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
But Gilgamesh refused to give up.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 왕은 ν¬κΈ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
Reluctantly, Shiduri gave him directions to cross the Waters of Death
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μ£Όμ €ν•˜λ˜ μ‹œλ‘λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έμ—κ²Œ 죽음의 강을 κ±΄λ„ˆμ„œ
03:31
and meet the immortal man Utanapishti.
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μ˜μƒμ˜ 인간인 μš°νŠΈλ‚˜ν”Όμ‹œνŒ€μ„ λ§Œλ‚˜λΌλŠ” 쑰언을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:34
The gods had granted Utanapishti immortality following a great flood,
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신은 μš°νŠΈλ‚˜ν”Όμ‹œνŒ€μ—κ²Œ 큰 ν™μˆ˜κ°€ λ‚œ ν›„ μ˜μƒμ„ μ„ λ¬Όν–ˆλŠ”λ°
03:39
during which he built a boat,
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κ·Έλ•Œ κ·Έκ°€ λ°°λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄
03:41
loaded two of every animal onto it, and landed on a mountain peak.
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λͺ¨λ“  동물을 ν•œ μŒμ”© 싀은 ν›„ μ‚° 정상에 λ‚΄λ €μ£Όμ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:46
Utanapishti also encouraged Gilgamesh to accept that death comes for everyone.
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그도 κΈΈκ°€λ©”μ‹œμ—κ²Œ 죽음이 λͺ¨λ‘μ—κ²Œ μ°Ύμ•„μ˜¨λ‹€λŠ” 것을 받아듀이라고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:53
But Gilgamesh still would not budge.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κΈΈκ°€λ©”μ‹œλŠ” κΏˆμ©λ„ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ£ .
03:55
So Utanapishti told him that if he could conquer sleep,
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그러자 μš°νŠΈλ‚˜ν”Όμ‹œνŒ€μ€ λ§Œμ•½ κΈΈκ°€λ©”μ‹œκ°€ μž μ„ 이길 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
03:59
the gods might grant him immortality.
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신이 μ˜μƒμ„ 쀄 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλ‹€κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:02
Gilgamesh intended to stay awake for seven days,
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κΈΈκ°€λ©”μ‹œλŠ” 7일을 κΉ¨μ–΄μžˆμœΌλ €κ³  ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
04:06
but fell asleep immediately.
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μ–Όλ§ˆ μ§€λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„ μž μ— λΉ μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:08
Utanapishti then told him about a magical plant that grew at the bottom of the ocean
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그러자 κ·ΈλŠ” ν•΄μ €μ—μ„œ μžλΌλŠ” λ§ˆλ²• μ•½μ΄ˆλ₯Ό μ•Œλ €μ£Όλ©°
04:14
and granted eternal youth.
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이 μ•½μ΄ˆκ°€ μ˜μ›ν•œ μ ŠμŒμ„ μ„ μ‚¬ν•œλ‹€κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:16
Though Gilgamesh successfully retrieved the plant,
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κΈΈκ°€λ©”μ‹œλŠ” 이 뢈둜초λ₯Ό μ‰½κ²Œ μ–»μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
04:19
a snake stole it on his way home.
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집에 μ˜€λŠ” 길에 λ±€μ—κ²Œ λ„λ‘‘λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:22
But when Gilgamesh laid eyes on his beautiful city again,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κΈΈκ°€λ©”μ‹œκ°€ μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μš΄ μžμ‹ μ˜ λ„μ‹œλ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ λ°”λΌλ³΄μž
04:26
he made peace with his mortality and vowed to spend his lifetime doing great deeds.
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μžμ‹ μ˜ μœ ν•œν•¨μ„ 받아듀일 수 μžˆμ—ˆκ³  여생을 ν›Œλ₯­ν•˜κ²Œ μ‚΄κΈ°λ‘œ λ§Ήμ„Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:34
He wrote his story on a lapis lazuli tablet
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κ·ΈλŠ” μžμ‹ μ˜ 이야기λ₯Ό μ²­κΈˆμ„νŒμ— μƒˆκΈ°κ³ 
04:37
and buried it under the city walls for future generations to find and learn from.
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ν›„λŒ€κ°€ λ°œκ²¬ν•΄ κ΅ν›ˆμ„ μ–»κΈΈ 바라며 λ„μ‹œ μ„±λ²½ μ•„λž˜ λ¬»μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:43
The tablets uncovered in Nineveh
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λ‹ˆλ„€λ² μ—μ„œ 발견된 이 μ„νŒλ“€μ€
04:45
were part of the library of the Assyrian king, Ashurbanipal.
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μ•„μ‹œλ¦¬μ˜ 왕인 μ•„μŠˆλ₯΄λ°”λ‹ˆνŒ”μ˜ λ„μ„œκ΄€μ˜ μž₯μ„œμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:50
Though the story is mythical, Gilgamesh was probably a real king of Uruk.
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μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ” μ‹ ν™”μ μ΄μ§€λ§Œ, κΈΈκ°€λ©”μ‹œλŠ” μ‹€μ œ 우루크의 μ™•μœΌλ‘œ μΆ”μ •λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:55
Versions of his tale date to 2000 BCE and perhaps even longer ago,
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기원전 2000λ…„ ν˜Ήμ€ 더 μ˜€λž˜μ „λΆ€ν„° μ—¬λŸ¬ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ μ‘΄μž¬ν–ˆλ˜ 이 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ”
05:02
and still echo through literature today.
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μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ 문학에 영ν–₯을 μ£Όκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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