The physics of surfing - Nick Pizzo

553,289 views ใƒป 2019-03-11

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: SeokHeon Lyoo ๊ฒ€ํ† : JY Kang
00:07
Whether or not you realize it,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ
00:08
as a surfer youโ€™re a master of complicated physics.
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์„œํ•‘์„ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
The science of surfing begins
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์„œํ•‘์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์€
00:17
as soon as you and your board first hit the water.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์„œํ•‘ ๋ณด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์— ๋‹ฟ์ž๋งˆ์ž ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
The boardโ€™s size and light construction help it displace a lot of water.
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๋ณด๋“œ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ์ฃ .
00:25
In turn, a buoyant force
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๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ๋ฐ€์–ด๋‚ธ ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ ฅ์ด ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
00:27
equal to the weight of the displaced water pushes up,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋ณด๋“œ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„๋กœ ๋ฐ€์–ด ์˜ฌ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
counteracting you and your boardโ€™s weight.
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00:34
This lets you stay afloat while you wait to paddle for a wave.
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๊ทธ ๋•์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํŒŒ๋„๋กœ ํ—ค์—„์ณ ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ ๋ฌผ์— ๋–  ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
00:38
And what exactly are you waiting for?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ญ˜ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฃ ?
00:40
The perfect wave, of course.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ํŒŒ๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
Like other waves in physics, ocean waves represent a transfer of energy.
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์—์„œ์˜ ํŒŒ๋™๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
๋ฐ”๋‹ค์˜ ํŒŒ๋„๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์ด๋™์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
Wind blowing across the ocean accelerates water particles near the surface,
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์งˆ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์€ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ๋ฌผ ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์†์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
leading to the growth of ripples that become waves.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ž”๋ฌผ๊ฒฐ์ด ํŒŒ๋„๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
00:58
These deviations from the flat surface are acted upon by gravity,
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ํ‰ํ‰ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ํŽธ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋ฉด ์ค‘๋ ฅ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
which tries to restore the surface to its original flat state.
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์ค‘๋ ฅ์ด ์›๋ž˜์˜ ํ‰ํ‰ํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ๋ ค ๋†“์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:08
As the waves then move through the water,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ํŒŒ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ด๋™ํ•  ๋•Œ
01:10
particles push and pull on their neighbors through the wave induced pressure,
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ํŒŒ๋„๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์••๋ ฅ์ด ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌผ ์ž…์ž๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋ฐ€๊ณ  ๋‹น๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
01:16
and this motion propagates energy through the water in unison with the wave motion.
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๊ทธ ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ํŒŒ๋„์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์— ๋”ํ•ด์ ธ ๋ฌผ ์†์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ „ํŒŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
The motion of these particles
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์ด ์ž…์ž๋“ค์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์€
01:23
is much more limited than the overall motion of the waves.
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ํŒŒ๋„์˜ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์›€์ง์ž„์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ œํ•œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
Near the shore,
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ํ•ด๋ณ€๊ฐ€ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—์„œ๋Š”
01:28
the shallower seafloor constrains the motion of the waves
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์–•์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ๋ฉด์ด ํŒŒ๋„์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ๊ตฌ์†ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:32
to occur in a more limited region than out at sea,
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๋จผ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ œํ•œ๋œ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ํŒŒ๋„์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
concentrating the wave energy near the surface.
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์ฆ‰, ํŒŒ๋„์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์— ๋ชจ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
01:38
If the topography of the shoreline is even and smooth,
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ํ•ด์•ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ˜•์ด ํ‰ํ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž”์ž”ํ•˜๋ฉด
01:42
this will refract the waves to become more
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์ด๋Š” ํŒŒ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ตด์ ˆ์‹œ์ผœ์„œ
ํ•ด์•ˆ์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ทธ ํ•ด์•ˆ๋ฉด๊ณผ ๋”์šฑ ์ˆ˜ํ‰์ด ๋˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
parallel to the shore as they approach.
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01:48
This is the crucial moment.
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์ด๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
As the wave gets near,
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ํŒŒ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ฌ ๋•Œ
01:51
you quickly pivot your board in the same direction as the wave
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ณด๋“œ์˜ ์ถ•์„ ์žฌ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ๋ ค์„œ ํŒŒ๋„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:55
and paddle to match its speed.
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ํŒŒ๋„์˜ ์†๋„์— ๋งž์ถฐ ํ—ค์—„์ณ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
Your board forms an angle with the water,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด๊ณผ ์ผ์ • ๊ฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋ฉด
02:01
and this creates a dynamic pressure on the bottom of it,
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๋ณด๋“œ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋™์••๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ฃ .
02:05
forcing you and your board out of the water,
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๊ทธ ์••๋ ฅ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋ณด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋‚ด๋ ค ํ•˜๋ฉด
02:07
to skim along the surface.
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฏธ๋„๋Ÿฌ์ ธ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
At the same time,
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๋™์‹œ์—
02:11
your increased forward momentum makes you more stable,
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ง„ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ํž˜์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋”์šฑ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ 
02:15
allowing you to stand up and surf along the wave.
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์ผ์–ด์„œ์„œ ํŒŒ๋„๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„œํ•‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
Now youโ€™ve caught the wave,
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์ด์ œ ํŒŒ๋„๋ฅผ ์žก์•„์„œ
02:20
and are riding along its front face parallel to the shoreline.
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ํ•ด์•ˆ์„ ๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋ž€ํ•œ ํŒŒ๋„์˜ ์ „๋ฉด์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํŒŒ๋„๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
Fins on the surfboard allow you to alter your speed and direction
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์„œํ•‘๋ณด๋“œ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ์ง€๋А๋Ÿฌ๋ฏธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์†๋„์™€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
by repositioning your weight.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์„ ์ด๋™ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:30
Above you is the waveโ€™s crest,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํŒŒ๋„์˜ ์ •์ ์—์„œ๋Š”
02:33
where the water particles are undergoing their greatest acceleration.
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๋ฌผ ์ž…์ž๋“ค์ด ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ฐ€์†๋„ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋†“์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
That forces them to move faster than the underlying wave,
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๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์†๋„์˜ ํž˜ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํŒŒ๋„ ์œ— ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์•„๋žซ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด์ฃ .
02:41
so they shoot ahead before falling under gravityโ€™s influence.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง€๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
This forms the wavesโ€™ characteristic curls, or jets,
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์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํŒŒ๋„์˜ ํŠน์ง•์ธ ๋™๊ทธ๋ž—๊ฒŒ ๋ง๋ฆฐ ๋ชจ์–‘์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
as they break along the shore.
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ํŒŒ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ˆ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ€์„œ์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:51
Sometimes, the curl might completely enclose part of the wave,
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ตด๊ณก์„ ๋„๋ฉฐ ํŒŒ๋„๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฎ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
forming a moving tube of water known as the barrel.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํŒŒ๋„๊ฐ€ ์›ํ†ตํ˜•์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ "๋ฐฐ๋Ÿด"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
Because of irregularities in the seafloor and the swell itself,
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ํ•ด์ €์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™์„ฑ๋“ค๊ณผ ํฐ ํŒŒ๋„ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:03
few barrels last as long as the legendary 27-second ride off the coast of Namibia.
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๋‚˜๋ฏธ๋น„์•„ ํ•ด์•ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋ฐฐ๋Ÿด๋“ค์ด 27์ดˆ ๋™์•ˆ ์œ ์ง€๋œ ์ „์„ค์  ๊ธฐ๋ก๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:09
But many who manage to get barreled
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋ฐฐ๋Ÿด์„ ํƒ”๋˜ ์„œํผ๋“ค์€
03:11
have said they feel time passing differently inside,
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๊ทธ ์•ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋А๊ปด์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
making it one of the most magical experiences a surfer can have.
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์„œํผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹ ๋น„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€๊ฒ ์ฃ .
03:20
Of course,
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๋ฌผ๋ก 
03:21
not all beaches are created equal.
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๋ชจ๋“  ํ•ด๋ณ€์ด ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
Offshore underwater canyons or rock formations
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์—ฐ์•ˆ์˜ ํ•ด์ € ํ˜‘๊ณก๋“ค ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ด์ € ์•”๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋ชจ์–‘์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
03:27
in certain locations like Nazare, Portugal or Mavericks, California
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ํฌ๋ฅดํˆฌ์นผ์˜ ๋‚˜์ž๋ ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์˜ ๋ฉ”๋ฒ„๋ฆญ์Šค ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š”
03:31
refract the incoming wave energy into a single spot,
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๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋Š” ํŒŒ๋„์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ง€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตด์ ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
creating massive waves sought by surfers worldwide.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์„œํผ๋“ค์ด ์ฐพ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํŒŒ๋„๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
03:40
And some of these waves travel for more than a week,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŒŒ๋„ ์ค‘์—๋Š” ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ ์ด์ƒ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:43
with swells originating more than 10,000 kilometers away from shore.
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ํ•ด์•ˆ์—์„œ 10,000 km ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๋ฌผ๊ฒฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
Waves surfed in sunny California
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ํ™”์ฐฝํ•œ ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ ํ•ด๋ณ€์˜ ํŒŒ๋„๊ฐ€
03:50
may have originated in the stormy seas near New Zealand.
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๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ์— ๊ฑฐ์„ผ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—์„œ ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
03:55
So while you may not be thinking about weather patterns in the South Pacific,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋‚จํƒœํ‰์–‘์—์„œ์˜ ๋‚ ์”จ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
03:59
tectonic geology, or fluid mechanics,
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๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ง€์งˆํ•™ ๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์ฒด ์—ญํ•™ ๋“ฑ
04:02
the art of catching the perfect wave relies on all these things and more.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์— ์˜์ง€ํ•ด์„œ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ํŒŒ๋„ํƒ€๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:08
And the waves we surf, created by wind,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š” ํŒŒ๋„๋Š”
04:10
are just one visible part of the continuous oscillation of energy
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋์—†์ด ์š”๋™์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
that has shaped our universe since its very beginning.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ ํƒœ์ดˆ์— ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์ฃ .
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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