The story behind the Boston Tea Party - Ben Labaree

1,626,357 views ใƒป 2013-03-18

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Transcriber: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Gemma Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Selim Baek
00:15
You've probably heard of the Boston Tea Party,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ณด์Šคํ„ด ์ฐจ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๋“ค์€ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
something about a bunch of angry colonists
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ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ ์‹๋ฏผ์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ํ•œ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
00:19
dressed as Native Americans
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์˜ท์„ ์ž…๊ณ 
00:21
throwing chests of tea into the water.
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์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋“  ์ƒ์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ”๋‹ท๋ฌผ ์†์— ๋˜์ ธ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด์ฃ .
00:23
But the story is far more complicated,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.:
00:24
filled with imperial intrigue,
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์˜๊ตญ์ œ๊ตญ์˜ ์Œ๋ชจ,
00:26
corporate crisis,
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์ƒ์—…์  ์œ„๊ธฐ,
00:27
smuggling,
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๋ฐ€์ˆ˜,
00:28
and the grassroots origins of the American Revolution.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏผ์ค‘์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋„๋ž˜๋œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋…๋ฆฝ ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ๊ธฐ์› ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
The first thing you need to know about tea in the 1700's
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1700๋…„๋Œ€ ์ฐจ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ ๋จผ์ € ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€
00:34
is that it was really, really popular.
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์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง, ์ •๋ง ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
In England, each man, woman, and child
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์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž, ์—ฌ์ž, ์•„์ด ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ์—†์ด ์ €๋งˆ๋‹ค
00:38
consumed almost 300 cups of this stuff every year.
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ํ•ด๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 300์ž”์”ฉ ๋งˆ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
And, since the English colonized America,
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์˜๊ตญ์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ์‹๋ฏผ์ง€๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š”
00:44
Americans were crazy about tea too.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:47
By the 1760's, they were drinking
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1760๋…„์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
00:48
over a million pounds of tea every year.
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์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋งˆ๋‹ค 453 ํ†ค์ด ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:51
So, when Britain wanted to increase taxes
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜๊ตญ์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ฐจ์—
00:53
on tea in America,
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์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ž
00:54
people were not happy,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
mostly because they had no say in tax decisions
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๋Ÿฐ๋˜์—์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ธˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด
00:58
made in London.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐœ์–ธ๊ถŒ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
00:59
Remember that famous phrase,
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ํ•œ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ธ€๊ท€๋ฅผ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ คํ•˜์‹œ์ฃ .
01:00
"No taxation without representation"?
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"๋Œ€ํ‘œ์—†์ด๋Š” ์„ธ๊ธˆ๋„ ์—†๋‹ค"?
01:02
The American colonists had long believed
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‹๋ฏผ์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ
01:04
that they were not subject to taxes imposed by legislature
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์‹๋ฏผ์ง€ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋„ ์—†๋Š” ์˜ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ •ํ•œ
01:07
in which they lacked representation.
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์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ๋‚ผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
In fact, rather than paying the taxes,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ๋‚ด๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
01:11
they simply dodged the tax collectors.
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์„ธ๊ธˆ ์ง•์ˆ˜์›๋“ค์„ ํ”ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
Since the east coast of America is hundreds of miles long
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋™ํ•ด์•ˆ์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋‚˜ ๊ธธ๊ณ 
01:16
and British enforcement was lax,
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์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ• ์ง‘ํ–‰์ด ํ—ˆ์ˆ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
01:18
about 3/4 of the tea Americans were drinking
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ์ฐจ์˜ ์•ฝ 3/4์€
01:20
was smuggled in, usually from Holland.
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๋ณดํ†ต ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ์—์„œ ๋ฐ€์ˆ˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
But the British insisted that Parliament
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜๊ตญ์€ ์˜ํšŒ๊ฐ€
01:24
did have the authority to tax the colonists,
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์‹๋ฏผ์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ ์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•  ๊ถŒํ•œ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
especially after Britain went deeply into debt
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ํŠนํžˆ ์˜๊ตญ์ด ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์™€ 7๋…„ ์ „์Ÿ์„ ๋ฒŒ์ธ ๋’ค
01:29
fighting the French in the Seven Years' War.
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์ ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚œ ๋’ค์— ๊ทธ๋žฌ์ฃ .
01:31
To close the budget gap,
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์žฌ์ •๋‚œ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:32
London looked to Americans,
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๋Ÿฐ๋˜์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋Œ๋ ธ๊ณ 
01:33
and in 1767 imposed new taxes on a variety of imports,
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1767๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ
01:37
including the American's beloved tea.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ˆ˜์ž…ํ’ˆ์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ๋งค๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
America's response: no thanks!
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ "์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค. ๋์–ด์š”!" ์˜€์ฃ .
01:42
They boycotted the importation of tea from Britain,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:44
and instead, brewed their own.
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๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋“์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
After a new bunch of British customs commissioners
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์˜๊ตญ ์„ธ๊ด€์›๋“ค์ด
01:48
cried to London for troops to help with tax enforcement,
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์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ์ง•์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ตฐ์ธ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์— ์š”์ฒญํ•˜์ž
01:51
things got so heated
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์ผ์€ ๋” ๊ฒฉํ™”๋˜์–ด์„œ
01:52
that the Red Coats fired on a mob in Boston,
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์˜๊ตญ ๊ตฐ์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์Šคํ„ด์—์„œ ๊ตฐ์ค‘๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์„ ์˜์•„
01:54
killing several people,
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๋ช‡ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ฒฝ์—๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด๋ฅด๋ €๊ณ ,
01:55
in what was soon called the Boston Massacre.
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์ด ์ผ์€ ๊ณง ๋ณด์Šคํ„ด ํ•™์‚ด๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
Out of the terms of the 1773 Tea Act,
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1773๋…„ ์ฐจ ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
02:00
Parliament cooked up a new strategy.
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์˜ํšŒ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ „๋žต์„ ๊พธ๋ฉฐ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
Now the East India Company would sell the surplus tea
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋™์ธ๋„ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์•„๋„๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ฅผ
02:05
directly through hand-picked consignees in America.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์—„์„ ํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํƒ์ธ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํŒ๋งคํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
This would lower the price to consumers,
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์ด๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถฐ์„œ
02:10
making British tea competitive with the smuggled variety
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์˜๊ตญ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ€์ˆ˜๋œ ์ฐจ์™€ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
02:12
while retaining some of the taxes.
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์„ธ๊ธˆ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋‘๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
But the colonists saw through the British ploy
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹๋ฏผ์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์ˆ ์ฑ…์„ ๊ฟฐ๋šซ์–ด๋ณด๊ณ 
02:16
and cried, "Monopoly!"
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"๋…์ ์ด๋‹ค!" ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์šธ๋ถ€์ง–์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:18
Now it's a cold and rainy December 16, 1773.
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์ถฅ๊ณ  ๋น„๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” 1773๋…„ 12์›” 16์ผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
About 5,000 Bostonians are crowded
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์•ฝ 5์ฒœ ๋ช…์˜ ๋ณด์Šคํ„ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
02:23
into the Old South Meeting House,
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์˜ฌ๋“œ ์‚ฌ์šฐ์Šค ์ง‘ํšŒ์†Œ์— ๋ชจ์—ฌ
02:25
waiting to hear whether new shipments of tea
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์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ์‹ฃ๊ณ 
02:27
that have arrived down the harbor
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ํ•ญ๊ตฌ์— ๋“ค์–ด์˜จ ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€
02:28
will be unloaded for sale.
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ํŒ๋งค๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•˜์—ญ์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
When the captain of one of those ships reported
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๊ทธ ๋ฐฐ๋“ค ์„ ์žฅ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
02:32
that he could not leave with his cargo on board,
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ํ™”๋ฌผ์„ ์‹ค์€ ์ฑ„๋กœ๋Š” ๋– ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ž
02:34
Sam Adams rose to shout,
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์ƒ˜ ์•„๋‹ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
"This meeting can do no more to save the country!"
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"์ด ๋ชจ์ž„์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋”๋Š” ํ•  ์ผ์ด ์—†๋‹ค!"
02:38
Cries of "Boston Harbor a teapot tonight!"
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๊ตฐ์ค‘๋“ค์€ "์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค ๋ณด์Šคํ„ด ํ•ญ์„ ์ฐป์ฃผ์ „์ž๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ž!"
02:41
rang out from the crowd,
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๋ผ๊ณ  ์™ธ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
and about 50 men,
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์•ฝ 50๋ช…์˜ ๋‚จ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜์™€์„œ
02:43
some apparently dressed as Native Americans,
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์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์˜ท์„ ์ž…๊ณ ์„œ
02:45
marched down to Griffin's Wharf,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•€ ๋ถ€๋‘๋กœ ํ–‰์ง„ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
02:47
stormed aboard three ships,
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๋ฐฐ ์„ธ ์ฒ™์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€
02:49
and threw 340 tea chests overboard.
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์ฐจ ์ƒ์ž 340๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์ ธ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
An infuriated British government responsded
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ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ ์˜๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š”
02:54
with the so-called Coercive Acts of 1774,
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1774๋…„ ์†Œ์œ„ '์ฐธ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฒ•'์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
which, among other things,
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1962
๊ทธ ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
02:59
closed the port of Boston until the locals compensated
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2732
์‹๋ฏผ์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ๋™์ธ๋„ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ
03:02
the East India Company for the tea.
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1947
์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ƒํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณด์Šคํ„ด ํ•ญ์„ ํ์‡„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
That never happened.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
03:05
Representatives of the colonies
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์‹๋ฏผ์ง€ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋“ค์€
03:06
gathered at Philadelphia to consider
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1624
ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„์— ๋ชจ์—ฌ
03:08
how best to respond to continued British oppression.
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๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์–ต์••์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์‘ํ• ๊นŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
This first Continental Congress supported destruction of the tea,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™ ํšŒ์˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
03:14
pledged to support a continued boycott,
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๊ณ„์† ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:17
and went home in late October 1774
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1774๋…„ 10์›” ๋ง ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
even more united in their determination
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋ ค๋Š”
03:22
to protect their rights and liberties.
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์˜์ง€๋กœ ๋” ๋ญ‰์นœ ์ฑ„๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ”์ฃ .
03:24
The Boston Tea Party began a chain reaction
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๋ณด์Šคํ„ด ์ฐจ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์€ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์—ฐ์‡„ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:26
that led with little pause
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์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
03:28
to the Declaration of Independence
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๋…๋ฆฝ ์„ ์–ธ๊ณผ
03:29
and a bloody rebellion,
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ํ”ผ๋น„๋ฆฐ๋‚ด ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ž€์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
after which the new nation was free to drink its tea,
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๊ทธ ๋’ค๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ‰ํ™”๋กญ๊ฒŒ
03:33
more or less, in peace.
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์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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