Can you solve the egg drop riddle? - Yossi Elran

8,366,718 views ใƒป 2017-11-07

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Roni Ravia
00:08
The city has just opened its one-of-a-kind Fabergรฉ Egg Museum
0
8411
4850
ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืคืชื—ื” ืืช ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ ื”ืคืจื‘ื–'ื” ื”ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœื”
00:13
with a single egg displayed on each floor of a 100-story building.
1
13261
5571
ืขื ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืงื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืŸ 100 ืงื•ืžื•ืช.
00:18
And the world's most notorious jewel thief already has her eyes on the prize.
2
18832
5739
ื•ื’ื ื‘ืช ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื” ืืช ืขื™ื ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืก.
00:24
Because security is tight and the eggs are so large,
3
24571
3391
ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื”ื“ื•ืงื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช,
00:27
she'll only get the chance to steal one
4
27962
2800
ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื” ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื’ื ื•ื‘ ืจืง ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืื—ืช,
00:30
by dropping it out the window into her waiting truck
5
30762
3050
ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคืœืชื” ืžื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืœืชื•ืš ืžืฉืื™ืช ื—ื•ื ื”
00:33
and repelling down before the police can arrive.
6
33812
4042
ื•ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืกื ืคืœื™ื ื’ ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”.
00:37
All eggs are identical in weight and construction,
7
37854
3399
ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืงืœืŸ ื•ื‘ืฆื•ืจืชืŸ,
00:41
but each floor's egg is more rare and valuable than the one below it.
8
41253
5900
ืื‘ืœ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžื˜ืคืกื™ื ืœืงื•ืžื” ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืœื ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
00:47
While the thief would naturally like to take the priceless egg at the top,
9
47153
3778
ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื’ื ื‘ืช ืชืจืฆื” ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื”ื™ืงืจื” ืžื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืงื•ืžื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”,
00:50
she suspects it won't survive a 100-story drop.
10
50931
4061
ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉืฉืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ืชืฉืจื•ื“ ื ืคื™ืœื” ืฉืœ 100 ืงื•ืžื•ืช.
00:54
Being pragmatic, she decides to settle for the most expensive egg she can get.
11
54992
5480
ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ืคืจื’ืžื˜ื™ืช, ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืงืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’.
01:00
In the museum's gift shop, she finds two souvenir eggs,
12
60472
3922
ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืืช ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ ืžื–ื›ืจืช,
01:04
perfect replicas that are perfectly worthless.
13
64394
3579
ืฉื™ืขืชื•ืง ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืง ื•ื—ืกืจ ืขืจืš ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
01:07
The plan is to test drop them
14
67973
2058
ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืคื™ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ
01:10
to find the highest floor at which an egg will survive the fall
15
70031
4535
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื•ืžื” ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืžื ื” ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืชืฉืจื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื ืคื™ืœื”
01:14
without breaking.
16
74566
1348
ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืฉื‘ืจ.
01:15
Of course, the experiment can only be repeated
17
75914
2529
ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™
01:18
until both replica eggs are smashed.
18
78443
3470
ืจืง ืขื“ ืฉืฉืชื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ ื”ืžื–ื›ืจืช ื™ืชื ืคืฆื•.
01:21
And throwing souvenirs out the window too many times
19
81913
2790
ื•ื”ืฉืœื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื›ืจื•ืช ืžื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืคืขืžื™ื
01:24
is probably going to draw the guards' attention.
20
84703
3521
ื›ื ืจืื” ืชืžืฉื•ืš ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื.
01:28
What's the least number of tries it would take
21
88224
2460
ืžื” ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ื“ืจืฉ
01:30
to guarantee that she find the right floor?
22
90684
3550
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ื™ื ืชืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืงื•ืžื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”?
01:34
Pause here if you want to figure it out for yourself!
23
94234
3285
ืขืฆืจื• ืคื” ืขื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื›ื!
01:37
Answer in: 3
24
97519
1435
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขื•ื“: 3
01:38
Answer in: 2
25
98954
1434
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขื•ื“: 2
01:40
Answer in: 1
26
100388
1439
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขื•ื“: 1
01:41
If you're having trouble getting started on the solution,
27
101827
2731
ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื‘ืขื™ื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ,
01:44
it might help to start with a simpler scenario.
28
104558
2836
ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืื ืชืชื—ื™ืœื• ืขื ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:47
Imagine our thief only had one replica egg.
29
107394
3269
ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœื’ื ื‘ืช ื™ืฉ ืจืง ื‘ื™ืฆืช ืžื–ื›ืจืช ืื—ืช.
01:50
She'd have a single option:
30
110663
1996
ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื” ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื•ื“ื“ืช:
01:52
To start by dropping it from the first floor
31
112659
2516
ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืคื™ืœ ืื•ืชื” ืžื”ืงื•ืžื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
01:55
and go up one by one until it breaks.
32
115175
3342
ื•ืœืขืœื•ืช ืื—ืช ืื—ืช ืขื“ ืฉืชื™ืฉื‘ืจ.
01:58
Then she'd know that the floor below that
33
118517
2439
ืื– ื”ื™ื ืชื“ืข ืื™ื–ื” ืงื•ืžื”
02:00
is the one she needs to target for the real heist.
34
120956
3229
ื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืฉื“ื•ื“.
02:04
But this could require as many as 100 tries.
35
124185
2981
ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืขื“ ืžืื” ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช.
02:07
Having an additional replica egg gives the thief a better option.
36
127166
4899
ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื’ื ื‘ืช ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:12
She can drop the first egg from different floors at larger intervals
37
132065
4152
ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืคื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:16
in order to narrow down the range where the critical floor can be found.
38
136217
4908
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื‘ื• ื”ืงื•ืžื” ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ื ืžืฆืืช.
02:21
And once the first breaks,
39
141125
1662
ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื ืฉื‘ืจืช,
02:22
she can use the second egg to explore that interval floor by floor.
40
142787
5260
ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืงื•ืžื” ืื—ืจื™ ืงื•ืžื”.
02:28
Large floor intervals don't work great.
41
148047
3462
ืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ืงื•ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ื˜ื•ื‘.
02:31
In the worst case scenario, they require many tests with the second egg.
42
151509
4827
ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื›ื™ ื’ืจื•ืข, ื™ื“ืจืฉื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื”.
02:36
Smaller intervals work much better.
43
156336
2741
ืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:39
For example, if she starts by dropping the first egg from every 10th floor,
44
159077
4500
ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืื ื”ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื›ืœ ืงื•ืžื” ืขืฉื™ืจื™ืช,
02:43
once it breaks, she'll only have to test the nine floors below.
45
163577
4681
ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืฉื‘ืจืช, ื”ื™ื ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืชืฉืข ื”ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืชื—ืชื™ื”.
02:48
That means it'll take at most 19 tries to find the right floor.
46
168258
6280
ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ื“ืจืฉื• ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ 19 ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืงื•ืžื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”.
02:54
But can she do even better?
47
174538
2286
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฆืžืฆื ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช?
02:56
After all, there's no reason every interval has to be the same size.
48
176824
4767
ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื›ืœ ืžืจื•ื•ื— ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื•ื”.
03:01
Let's say there were only ten floors.
49
181591
2369
ื”ื‘ื” ื ื’ื™ื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ืจืง ืขืฉืจ ืงื•ืžื•ืช.
03:03
The thief could test this whole building with just four total throws
50
183960
4215
ื”ื’ื ื‘ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืคืœื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“
03:08
by dropping the first egg at floors four,
51
188175
2495
ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ืงื•ืžื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช,
03:10
seven,
52
190670
1149
ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช,
03:11
and nine.
53
191819
1451
ื•ื”ืชืฉื™ืขื™ืช.
03:13
If it broke at floor four, it would take up to three throws of the second egg
54
193270
4645
ืื ื”ื™ื ื ืฉื‘ืจืช ื‘ืงื•ืžื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ื™ื“ืจืฉื• ืขื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืคืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื”
03:17
to find the exact floor.
55
197915
1859
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื•ืžื” ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงืช.
03:19
If it broke at seven,
56
199774
1236
ืื ื”ื™ื ื ืฉื‘ืจืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช,
03:21
it would take up to two throws with the second egg.
57
201010
2952
ื™ื“ืจืฉื• ืขื“ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืคืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื”.
03:23
And if it broke at floor nine,
58
203962
2178
ื•ืื ื”ื™ื ืชื™ืฉื‘ืจ ื‘ืชืฉื™ืขื™ืช,
03:26
it would take just one more throw of the second egg.
59
206140
3840
ืชื™ื“ืจืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืคืœื” ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื”.
03:29
Intuitively, what we're trying to do here is divide the building into sections
60
209980
4740
ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืคื” ื–ื” ืœื—ืœืง ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืงื˜ืขื™ื,
03:34
where no matter which floor is correct,
61
214720
2452
ื‘ื”ื ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืื™ื–ื” ืงื•ืžื” ื ื›ื•ื ื”,
03:37
it takes up to the same number of throws to find it.
62
217172
4140
ื–ื” ื™ืงื— ืื•ืชื• ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืคืœื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื”.
03:41
We want each interval to be one floor smaller than the last.
63
221312
5099
ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ืžืจื•ื•ื— ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืงื•ืžื” ืื—ืช ืžืงื•ื“ืžื•.
03:46
This equation can help us solve for the first floor we need to start with
64
226411
4141
ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ื”ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืงื•ืžื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ
03:50
in the 100 floor building.
65
230552
3055
ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืŸ 100 ื”ืงื•ืžื•ืช.
03:53
There are several ways to solve this equation,
66
233607
3126
ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืื”,
03:56
including trial and error.
67
236733
1693
ื›ื•ืœืœ ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ื˜ืขื™ื”.
03:58
If we plug in two for n, that equation would look like this.
68
238426
4251
ืื ื ืฆื™ื‘ 2 ืขื‘ื•ืจ n, ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ื”ื–ื• ืชืจืื” ื›ืš.
04:02
If we plug in three, we get this.
69
242677
2556
ืื ื ืฆื™ื‘ 3, ื ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื–ื”.
04:05
So we can find the first n to pass 100
70
245233
3730
ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื” n ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจ ืืช 100
04:08
by adding more terms until we get to our answer,
71
248963
3499
ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืขื•ื“ ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
04:12
which is 14.
72
252462
2261
ืฉื”ื™ื 14.
04:14
And so our thief starts on the 14th floor,
73
254723
2971
ื•ื›ืš ื”ื’ื ื‘ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืงื•ืžื” ื” 14,
04:17
moving up to the 27th,
74
257694
1601
ืขื•ืœื” ืœ 27,
04:19
the 39th,
75
259295
1129
ืœ 39,
04:20
and so on,
76
260424
1109
ื•ื›ืš ื”ืœืื”,
04:21
for a maximum of 14 drops.
77
261533
3039
ืœืžืงืกื™ืžื•ื ืฉืœ 14 ื”ืคืœื•ืช.
04:24
Like the old saying goes, you can't pull a heist without breaking a few eggs.
78
264572
4522
ื›ืžื• ื”ืืžืจื” ื”ื™ืฉื ื”, ืืชื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืฉื•ื“ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7