Can you solve the egg drop riddle? - Yossi Elran

8,480,967 views ・ 2017-11-07

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Jane Cho κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:08
The city has just opened its one-of-a-kind FabergΓ© Egg Museum
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κ·Έ λ„μ‹œλŠ” νŠΉλ³„ν•œ FabergΓ© 달걀 박물관을 막 μ—΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:13
with a single egg displayed on each floor of a 100-story building.
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100μΈ΅ λΉŒλ”©μ˜ 각 측에 μ „μ‹œλœ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 달걀과 ν•¨κ»˜
00:18
And the world's most notorious jewel thief already has her eyes on the prize.
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그리고 μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ μ•…λͺ…높은 보석 도둑은 이미 κ·Έ μƒν’ˆμ„ λˆˆμ—¬κ²¨λ³΄κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:24
Because security is tight and the eggs are so large,
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λ³΄μ•ˆμ΄ μ² μ €ν•˜κ³  달걀듀이 μ•„μ£Ό 크기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
00:27
she'll only get the chance to steal one
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 였직 달걀 ν•˜λ‚˜λ§Œμ„ ν›”μΉ  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
by dropping it out the window into her waiting truck
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μ°½λ¬Έ 밖에 λŒ€κΈ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” νŠΈλŸ­μ— λ–¨μ–΄νŠΈλ¦¬κ³ 
00:33
and repelling down before the police can arrive.
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경찰이 λ„μ°©ν•˜κΈ° 전에 건물 밖을 타고 λ‚΄λ €κ°€λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
00:37
All eggs are identical in weight and construction,
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λͺ¨λ“  달걀은 λ¬΄κ²Œμ™€ ꡬ쑰가 λ™μΌν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:41
but each floor's egg is more rare and valuable than the one below it.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 각 측의 달걀은 κ·Έ μ•„λž˜μ˜ 것보닀 더 ν¬κ·€ν•˜κ³  κ°’μ–΄μΉ˜κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
While the thief would naturally like to take the priceless egg at the top,
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도둑이 μžμ—°μ μœΌλ‘œ κΌ­λŒ€κΈ°μ˜ λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ κ·€μ€‘ν•œ 달걀을 가지고 μ‹Άμ–΄ν•˜λŠ” λ°˜λ©΄μ—
00:50
she suspects it won't survive a 100-story drop.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 살아남지 λͺ» ν•  거라고 μ˜μ‹¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
Being pragmatic, she decides to settle for the most expensive egg she can get.
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μ‹€μš©μ μœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°ν•˜μ—¬, κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 얻을 수 μžˆλŠ” κ°€μž₯ λΉ„μ‹Ό κ³„λž€μœΌλ‘œ κ²°μ •ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:00
In the museum's gift shop, she finds two souvenir eggs,
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λ°•λ¬Όκ΄€μ˜ μ„ λ¬Ό κ°€κ²Œμ—μ„œ, κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 두 개의 κΈ°λ…ν’ˆ 달걀과
01:04
perfect replicas that are perfectly worthless.
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μ™„μ „νžˆ κ°€μΉ˜ μ—†λŠ” μ™„λ²½ν•œ λͺ¨μ‘°ν’ˆμ„ λ°œκ²¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
The plan is to test drop them
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κ³„νšμ€ 그것듀을 λ–¨μ–΄νŠΈλ € μ‹€ν—˜ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
to find the highest floor at which an egg will survive the fall
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달걀이 λ‚™ν•˜μ—μ„œ 살아남을 κ°€μž₯ 높은 측을 μ°ΎκΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œμ£ .
01:14
without breaking.
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깨지지 μ•Šμ€ μ±„λ‘œμš”.
01:15
Of course, the experiment can only be repeated
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λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ, κ·Έ μ‹€ν—˜μ€ 반볡기만 ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:18
until both replica eggs are smashed.
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두 개의 λͺ¨μ‘°ν’ˆ 달걀이 산산쑰각이 λ‚  λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€μš”.
01:21
And throwing souvenirs out the window too many times
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그리고 μ°½λ¬Έ λ°–μœΌλ‘œ μ—¬λŸ¬ 번 κΈ°λ…ν’ˆ 달걀을 λ˜μ§€λŠ” 것은
01:24
is probably going to draw the guards' attention.
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ κ²½ν˜Έμ›μ˜ 주의λ₯Ό 끌 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
What's the least number of tries it would take
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μ•Œλ§žμ€ 측을 찾을 수 μžˆλŠ” μ΅œμ†Œμ˜ μ‹œλ„λŠ” λͺ‡ λ²ˆμΌκΉŒμš”?
01:30
to guarantee that she find the right floor?
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01:34
Pause here if you want to figure it out for yourself!
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슀슀둜 생각해보고 μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ©ˆμΆ”μ„Έμš”!
01:37
Answer in: 3
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μ •λ‹΅ 3초 μ „.
01:38
Answer in: 2
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μ •λ‹΅ 2초 μ „.
01:40
Answer in: 1
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μ •λ‹΅ 1초 μ „.
01:41
If you're having trouble getting started on the solution,
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λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ κ·Έ 해결책을 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λŠ” 데에 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
01:44
it might help to start with a simpler scenario.
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더 κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ μ‹œλ‚˜λ¦¬μ˜€λ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λŠ” 것이 도움될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:47
Imagine our thief only had one replica egg.
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우리의 도둑이 λͺ¨μ‘°ν’ˆ 달걀을 ν•˜λ‚˜λ§Œ κ°€μ‘Œλ‹€κ³  μƒμƒν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
01:50
She'd have a single option:
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ„ νƒλ§Œ μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:52
To start by dropping it from the first floor
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1μΈ΅λΆ€ν„° 달걀을 λ–¨μ–΄νŠΈλ¦¬κ³ 
01:55
and go up one by one until it breaks.
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그것이 깨질 λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ ν•˜λ‚˜μ”© μ˜¬λΌκ°€λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
01:58
Then she'd know that the floor below that
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κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ λ‚˜μ„œ κ·Έλ…€λŠ” κ·Έ μ•„λž˜μ˜ 측이
02:00
is the one she needs to target for the real heist.
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μ‹€μ œ κ°•λ„ν–‰μœ„λ₯Ό λͺ©ν‘œλ‘œ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν•„μš”ν•œ μΈ΅μ΄λΌλŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:04
But this could require as many as 100 tries.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이것은 100번 λ§ŒνΌμ΄λ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ μ‹œλ„λ₯Ό μš”κ΅¬ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:07
Having an additional replica egg gives the thief a better option.
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좔가적인 λͺ¨μ‘° 달걀을 κ°€μ§€λŠ” 것은 λ„λ‘‘μ—κ²Œ 더 λ‚˜μ€ μ˜΅μ…˜μ„ μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:12
She can drop the first egg from different floors at larger intervals
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 더 큰 κ°„κ²©μœΌλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μΈ΅μ—μ„œ 첫 번째 달걀을 λ–¨μ–΄νŠΈλ¦΄ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:16
in order to narrow down the range where the critical floor can be found.
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ 측이 발견될 수 μžˆλŠ” λ²”μœ„λ₯Ό 쒁히기 μœ„ν•΄μ„œμ£ .
02:21
And once the first breaks,
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그리고 첫 번째 달걀이 κΉ¨μ‘Œμ„ λ•Œ,
02:22
she can use the second egg to explore that interval floor by floor.
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μΈ΅κ°„μ˜ 간격을 μ•Œμ•„λ‚΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 두 번째 달걀을 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
Large floor intervals don't work great.
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큰 측의 간격은 큰 μ„±κ³Όκ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:31
In the worst case scenario, they require many tests with the second egg.
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κ°€μž₯ λ‚˜μœ μ‹œλ‚˜λ¦¬μ˜€μ˜ κ²½μš°λŠ” 두 번째 달걀을 가지고 λ§Žμ€ μ‹€ν—˜λ“€μ„ μš”κ΅¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:36
Smaller intervals work much better.
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더 μž‘μ€ 간격은 일을 더 μˆ˜μ›”ν•˜κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:39
For example, if she starts by dropping the first egg from every 10th floor,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, λ§Œμ•½ κ·Έλ…€κ°€ λͺ¨λ“  10번째 μΈ΅μ—μ„œ 첫 번째 달걀을 λ–¨μ–΄νŠΈλ¦°λ‹€λ©΄
02:43
once it breaks, she'll only have to test the nine floors below.
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ν•œ λ²ˆμ€ 깨지고, κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ•„λž˜μ˜ 9번째 μΈ΅μ—μ„œλ§Œ μ‹€ν—˜μ„ ν•΄μ•Ό 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
That means it'll take at most 19 tries to find the right floor.
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그것은 μ•Œλ§žμ€ 측을 μ°ΎκΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ μ΅œλŒ€ 19번의 μ‹œλ„λ₯Ό ν•΄μ•Ό λœλ‹€λŠ” 것이죠.
02:54
But can she do even better?
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 더 λ‚˜μ€ λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
02:56
After all, there's no reason every interval has to be the same size.
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κ²°κ΅­, λͺ¨λ“  간격이 같은 크기일 ν•„μš”λŠ” μ—†μ£ .
03:01
Let's say there were only ten floors.
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10개의 측만 μžˆλ‹€κ³  ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
03:03
The thief could test this whole building with just four total throws
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도둑은 단지 총 4번의 λ˜μ§€κΈ° μ‹œλ„λ‘œ λΉŒλ”© 전체λ₯Ό μ‹€ν—˜ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
by dropping the first egg at floors four,
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4μΈ΅μ—μ„œ 첫 번째 달걍을 λ–¨μ–΄νŠΈλ¦¬κ³ 
03:10
seven,
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7μΈ΅
03:11
and nine.
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그리고 9μΈ΅μ—μ„œμš”.
03:13
If it broke at floor four, it would take up to three throws of the second egg
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4μΈ΅μ—μ„œ 달걀이 κΉ¨μ‘Œλ‹€λ©΄, 두 번째 달걀을 3λ²ˆκΉŒμ§€ 던질 κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
03:17
to find the exact floor.
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μ •ν™•ν•œ 측을 μ°ΎκΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œμš”.
03:19
If it broke at seven,
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λ§Œμ•½ 그것이 7μΈ΅μ—μ„œ κΉ¨μ‘Œλ‹€λ©΄
03:21
it would take up to two throws with the second egg.
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두 번째 달걍을 2번 λ˜μ Έμ•Ό ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
And if it broke at floor nine,
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그리고 λ§Œμ•½ 그것이 9μΈ΅μ—μ„œ κΉ¨μ‘Œλ‹€λ©΄
03:26
it would take just one more throw of the second egg.
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두 번째 달걀을 ν•œ 번만 λ˜μ Έλ„ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:29
Intuitively, what we're trying to do here is divide the building into sections
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μ§κ΄€μ μœΌλ‘œ, μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ ν•˜λ €λŠ” 것은 λΉŒλ”©μ„ λΆ€λΆ„μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:34
where no matter which floor is correct,
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μ–΄λŠ 측이 λ§žλŠ”μ§€ μƒκ΄€μ—†μ΄μš”.
03:37
it takes up to the same number of throws to find it.
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그것을 μ°ΎκΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 같은 횟수의 λ˜μ§€κΈ°λ₯Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
We want each interval to be one floor smaller than the last.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 각 간격이 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ 측보닀 ν•œ μΈ΅ 더 μž‘μ•˜μœΌλ©΄ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:46
This equation can help us solve for the first floor we need to start with
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이 방정식은 μ‹œμž‘ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 첫번째 측을 ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λŠ” 데에 도움을 쀄 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
in the 100 floor building.
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100측의 λΉŒλ”©μ—μ„œ
03:53
There are several ways to solve this equation,
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이 방정식을 ν’€κΈ° μœ„ν•œ λͺ‡ 가지 방법듀이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:56
including trial and error.
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μ‹œν–‰μ°©μ˜€λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•΄μ„œμš”.
03:58
If we plug in two for n, that equation would look like this.
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λ§Œμ•½ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ n에 2λ₯Ό λŒ€μž…ν•˜λ©΄, κ·Έ 방정식은 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 보일 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:02
If we plug in three, we get this.
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λ§Œμ•½ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 3을 λŒ€μž…ν•˜λ©΄, 이것을 μ–»μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:05
So we can find the first n to pass 100
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 100을 ν†΅κ³Όν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 첫 번째 n을 찾을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:08
by adding more terms until we get to our answer,
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닡을 μ–»κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ 더 λ§Žμ€ μˆ«μžλ“€μ„ μ§‘μ–΄λ„£λŠ”λ°
04:12
which is 14.
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κ·Έ 닡은 14μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:14
And so our thief starts on the 14th floor,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 도둑은 14번째 μΈ΅μ—μ„œ μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
moving up to the 27th,
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27측으둜
04:19
the 39th,
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39측으둜
04:20
and so on,
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그리고 이와 같은 측으둜 μ˜¬λΌκ°€λ©΄μ„œ
04:21
for a maximum of 14 drops.
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μ΅œλŒ€ 14번 λ–¨μ–΄λœ¨λ¦¬μ£ .
04:24
Like the old saying goes, you can't pull a heist without breaking a few eggs.
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μ˜›λ§μ²˜λŸΌ, κ°•λ„μ§ˆμ„ ν•˜λ €λ©΄ 달걀 λͺ‡ 개λ₯Ό 깨뜨릴 μˆ˜λ°–μ— μ—†μ–΄μš”.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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