Inside a cartoonist's world - Liza Donnelly

153,661 views ใƒป 2012-12-11

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Transcriber: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Zeeva Livshitz
00:15
What is a cartoon really?
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ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืขืœื™ืœื•ืŸ (ืงืจื˜ื•ืŸ) ื‘ืืžืช?
00:18
Many of us love cartoons,
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ืœื•ื ื™ื,
00:19
most of us grew up reading them
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ืจื•ื‘ื ื• ื’ื“ืœื ื• ื‘ืœืงืจื•ื ืื•ืชื
00:21
or having them read to us.
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ืื• ืฉื”ืงืจื™ืื• ืœื ื• ืื•ืชื.
00:23
The fact is, cartoons have been around a long time.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืขืœื™ืœื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืื™ืชื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ.
00:27
There are all kinds of cartoons:
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืœื™ืœื•ื ื™ื:
00:29
strip comics,
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ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืงื•ืžื™ืงืก,
00:30
comic books,
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ืกืคืจื™ ืงื•ืžื™ืงืก,
00:32
political cartoons,
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ืงืจื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช,
00:33
single-panel cartoons,
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ืงืจื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคื ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“,
00:34
graphic novels,
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ื ื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ื’ืจืคื™ื•ืช,
00:36
web comics,
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ืงื•ืžื™ืงืก ื‘ืจืฉืช,
00:37
animation,
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ืื ื™ืžืฆื™ื•ืช,
00:39
caricature,
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ืงืจื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื•ืช,
00:40
there is something for everyone.
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ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“.
00:42
No matter the form them come in,
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื ื‘ืื™ื,
00:44
cartoons elicit all kinds of emotions from the viewer
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ืขืœื™ืœื•ื ื™ื ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ื ื›ืœ ืžื ื™ ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืคื”
00:47
- happiness, sadness, anger, hilarity, calm -
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- ืฉืžื—ื”, ืขืฆื‘, ื›ืขืก, ืฆื—ื•ืง, ืจื•ื’ืข -
00:51
and can transmit ideas in an instant.
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื’ืข.
00:54
Cartoons are a universal medium enjoyed and understood
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ืขืœื™ืœื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ืžื“ื™ื•ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ ืฉื ื”ื ื™ื ืžืžื ื• ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื•
00:56
around the world and across borders.
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ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช.
00:59
This is why they have survived so long as an art form.
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ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื ืฉืจื“ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื›ืฆื•ืจืช ืืžื ื•ืช.
01:02
But how can a medium that is on the surface so simple
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืš ืžื“ื™ื•ื ืฉืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื ืจืื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืคืฉื•ื˜
01:05
have so much influence and at times be so meaningful?
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื•ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช?
01:09
Let's look at what a cartoon is.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื•ื ืจืื” ืžื”ื• ืขืœื™ืœื•ืŸ.
01:12
It starts with an idea.
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ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ.
01:14
The idea can be verbal,
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™,
01:16
written in words,
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ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื,
01:17
or it can be visual.
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ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™.
01:19
A visual idea is simply
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ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜
01:20
a picture,
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ืชืžื•ื ื”,
01:22
a drawing,
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01:22
a doodle.
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ืื™ื•ืจ,
ืฉื™ืจื‘ื•ื˜.
01:24
These ideas come from a variety of places.
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืื™ื ืžืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช.
01:28
Cartoonists might find the idea from observing life,
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ืžืื™ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืžืฆืื• ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื,
01:30
reading a newspaper,
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ืžืœืงืจื•ื ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ,
01:32
trawling online.
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ืœืฉื•ื˜ื˜ ื‘ืจืฉืช.
01:34
It can come from a sentence someone said
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื•ื ืžืžืฉืคื˜ ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืืžืจ
01:36
or a single word heard on television.
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ืื• ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ื•ื“ื“ืช ืฉื ืฉืžืขื” ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”.
01:39
Cartoonists are like sponges;
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ืžืื™ื™ืจื™ื ื”ื ื›ืžื• ืกืคื•ื’ื™ื;
01:41
they soak up people, places, mannerisms, clothing, and behavior.
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ื”ื ืกื•ืคื’ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื, ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช, ืžื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช, ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื, ื•ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช.
01:46
Sometimes they might jot them down
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื ื™ืฉืจื‘ื˜ื• ืื•ืชื
01:48
in a little black book that they carry around with them.
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ื‘ืคื™ื ืงืก ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืื™ืชื.
01:51
Other times, it is just soaked up into the cartoonist's brain
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ื‘ืคืขืžื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืกืคื’ ืœืชื•ืš ืžื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื™ื™ืจ
01:55
only to be squeezed out later when she is sitting at her drawing table.
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ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืœื™ื“ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืฉืœื”.
01:59
Not only does a cartoonist have to be aware
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ืœื ืจืง ืฉืžืื™ื™ืจืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืขืช
02:02
of what she is seeing visually,
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ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืจื•ืื” ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช,
02:03
but she has to listen to herself think.
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ืืœื ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ืื–ื™ืŸ ืœืขืฆืžื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช.
02:06
In other words, take the incoming information
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืงื—ื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื ื›ื ืก
02:09
and select it, shape it, and then use it for a cartoon.
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ื•ื‘ื™ื—ืจื• ืื•ืชื•, ืขืฆื‘ื• ืื•ืชื•, ื•ืื– ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื• ืœืื™ื•ืจ.
02:13
Now that you have an idea,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ,
02:14
or something you think could be good for a cartoon,
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ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืขืœื™ืœื•ืŸ,
02:17
it's time to shape it.
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ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืขืฆื‘ ืื•ืชื•.
02:19
A cartoon is like a staged play.
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ืขืœื™ืœื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืžื—ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืžืชื™.
02:21
A cartoonist is playwright,
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ื•ื”ืžืื™ื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืžื—ื–ื”,
02:23
director,
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02:23
stage designer,
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ื‘ืžืื™,
ืžืขืฆื‘ ืชืคืื•ืจื”,
02:25
choreographer,
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ื›ื•ืจื™ืื•ื’ืจืฃ,
02:26
and costume designer.
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ื•ืžืขืฆื‘ ืชืœื‘ื•ืฉื•ืช.
02:27
A cartoon has characters,
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ืœืขืœื™ืœื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช,
02:29
a set,
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02:29
dialogue,
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ืกื˜,
ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’,
02:30
even if one line,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืจืง ืฉื•ืจื” ืื—ืช,
02:31
and a backstory.
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ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืจืงืข.
02:34
The characters must be dressed to fit the idea,
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ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื•ืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ,
02:36
speak in a way that is natural and forwards the idea
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ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื•ืžืงื“ืžืช ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ
02:39
or gives the punchline.
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ืื• ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœื• ืฉื•ืจืช ืคืื ืฅ'.
02:41
Nothing should be in the cartoon
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ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ืœื•ืŸ
02:42
that is not absolutely necessary for the advancement of the idea.
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ืฉืœื ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ.
02:47
The image and words have to <i>dance</i> together
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ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืจืงื•ื“ ื™ื—ื“
02:50
in a way that makes sense.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ืช.
02:52
It could be a graceful dance, or an awkward dance,
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื™ืงื•ื“ ื—ื™ื ื ื™, ืื• ืจื™ืงื•ื“ ืžื’ื•ืฉื,
02:55
if that is part of the humor or idea.
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ืื ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ ืื• ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ.
02:58
And then the execution.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœืคื•ืขืœ.
03:00
Some cartoonists sketch the idea with pencil
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ื›ืžื” ืžืื™ื™ืจื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืคืจื•ืŸ
03:02
then ink it with pen using a light box.
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ืื– ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืชื™ื‘ืช ืื•ืจ.
03:06
Others visualize the image in their head
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ืื—ืจื™ื ืžื“ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืจืืฉื
03:07
and draw directly on the paper in pen.
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ื•ืžืฆื™ื™ืจื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ื™ืจ ืขื ืขื˜.
03:11
Different kinds of pens are used:
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ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื˜ื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ:
03:12
felt-tip, mechanical pen, or a crow quill.
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ืขื˜ ืจื›ื”, ืขื˜ ืžื›ืื ื™ืช, ืื• ื ื•ืฆืช ืขื•ืจื‘.
03:16
Paper can be light-weight or heavy-bond.
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ื ื™ื™ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืœ ืื• ื›ื‘ื“.
03:18
Many cartoonists add gray tone, called a wash,
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื™ื™ืจื™ื ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืคื•ืจ, ืฉื ืงืจื ื•ื•ืฉ,
03:21
by using black watercolor and a brush.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ืžื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื•ืžื‘ืจืฉืช.
03:24
Others use a soft pencil for the tone.
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ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืคืจื•ืŸ ืจืš ืœื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื.
03:27
Color is usually created by using watercolor.
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ืฆื‘ืข ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื•ืกืฃ ืขื ืฆื‘ืขื™ ืžื™ื.
03:30
A finished cartoon can then be scanned and adjusted,
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ืขืœื™ืœื•ืŸ ื’ืžื•ืจ ืื– ื ืกืจืง ื•ืžื•ืชืื,
03:32
and the caption can be added on the computer with Photoshop.
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ื•ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืคื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืขื ืคื•ื˜ื•ืฉื•ืค.
03:36
New technologies are emerging for the cartoonist's use in creating her cartoon.
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ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฆืฆื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืžืื™ื™ืจืช ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืื™ื•ืจื™ื.
03:41
Photoshop can serve as a tool for color and image.
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ืคื•ื˜ื•ืฉื•ืค ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ื›ืœื™ ืœืฆื‘ืข ื•ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช.
03:44
Some may draw directly on a tablet with a stylus.
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ื—ืœืง ื™ืฆื™ื™ืจื• ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื˜ื‘ืœื˜ ืขื ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ืก.
03:47
The choices at this stage of creation work in tandem with the idea,
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ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ,
03:50
and often when the final caption is added,
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ื•ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ืฉื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืคื•ืช,
03:53
it gets adjusted yet again.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืชืื ืฉื•ื‘.
03:55
But, little is left to chance,
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ืื‘ืœ, ืžืขื˜ ื ืฉืืจ ืœืžื–ืœ,
03:57
except, perhaps, some of the watercolor.
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ื—ื•ืฅ, ืื•ืœื™, ืžื›ืžื” ืžืฆื‘ืขื™ ื”ืžื™ื.
03:59
All these elements function in concert with one another.
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ื›ืœ ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•.
04:03
It's almost like a dance of words, ideas, and images
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ื–ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืžื• ืจื™ืงื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื, ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช
04:05
that work together in order to make the cartoon
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ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขืœื™ืœื•ืŸ
04:08
a timeless, resilient work of art.
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ื›ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืฆื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ .
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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