Inside a cartoonist's world - Liza Donnelly

152,307 views ・ 2012-12-11

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Transcriber: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar
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λ²ˆμ—­: Gemma Lee κ²€ν† : K Bang
00:15
What is a cartoon really?
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λ§Œν™”λŠ” 정말 λ­˜κΉŒμš”?
00:18
Many of us love cartoons,
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λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ§Œν™”λ₯Ό μ’‹μ•„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:19
most of us grew up reading them
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μš°λ¦¬λ“€ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ΄ λ§Œν™”λ₯Ό μ½μœΌλ©΄μ„œ μžλΌκ±°λ‚˜
00:21
or having them read to us.
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λˆ„κ΅°κ°€κ°€ μš°λ¦¬ν•œν…Œ λ§Œν™”λ₯Ό μ½μ–΄μ€¬μ–΄μš”.
00:23
The fact is, cartoons have been around a long time.
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사싀 λ§Œν™”λŠ” μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ 우리 곁에 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:27
There are all kinds of cartoons:
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μ—¬λŸ¬ 가지 λ§Œν™”κ°€ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
00:29
strip comics,
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μ—°μž¬λ§Œν™”,
00:30
comic books,
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λ§Œν™”μ±…,
00:32
political cartoons,
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μ •μΉ˜ ν’μž λ§Œν™”,
00:33
single-panel cartoons,
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ν•œ 컷짜리 λ§Œν™”,
00:34
graphic novels,
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μž₯편 λ§Œν™”,
00:36
web comics,
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μ›Ή λ§Œν™”,
00:37
animation,
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μ• λ‹ˆλ©”μ΄μ…˜,
00:39
caricature,
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ν’μžν™”,
00:40
there is something for everyone.
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μ €λ§ˆλ‹€ 재미λ₯Ό λŠλ‚„ 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
00:42
No matter the form them come in,
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μ–΄λ–€ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ 그리든,
00:44
cartoons elicit all kinds of emotions from the viewer
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λ§Œν™”λŠ” λ…μžλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ˜¨κ°– 감정을 λŒμ–΄λ‚΄μ§€μš”.
00:47
- happiness, sadness, anger, hilarity, calm -
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- 행볡, μŠ¬ν””, 성냄, μš°μŠ€μ›€, κ³ μš”ν•¨ -
00:51
and can transmit ideas in an instant.
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그리고 생각을 λ°”λ‘œ 전달할 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
00:54
Cartoons are a universal medium enjoyed and understood
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λ§Œν™”λŠ” 세계 μ–΄λ””μ„œλ‚˜ ꡭ경을 λ„˜μ–΄
00:56
around the world and across borders.
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λˆ„κ΅¬λ‚˜ 즐길 수 있고 이해할 수 μžˆλŠ” λ§€μ²΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
This is why they have survived so long as an art form.
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이런 κΉŒλ‹­μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œν™”λŠ” μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ 예술의 ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ μ‚΄μ•„ λ‚¨μ•˜μ–΄μš”.
01:02
But how can a medium that is on the surface so simple
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 얼핏 λ³΄κΈ°μ—λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό λ‹¨μˆœν•œ 맀체가 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ
01:05
have so much influence and at times be so meaningful?
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 큰 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ  수 있고 λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•œ 의미λ₯Ό κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
01:09
Let's look at what a cartoon is.
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λ§Œν™”κ°€ 무엇인지 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
01:12
It starts with an idea.
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λ§Œν™”λŠ” μƒκ°μœΌλ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:14
The idea can be verbal,
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생각은 말둜 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Ό μˆ˜λ„ 있고,
01:16
written in words,
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κΈ€λ‘œ μ“°κ±°λ‚˜,
01:17
or it can be visual.
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그림으둜 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Ό 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
01:19
A visual idea is simply
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λˆˆμ— λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 생각은 κ·Έλƒ₯
01:20
a picture,
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사진,
01:22
a drawing,
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01:22
a doodle.
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κ·Έλ¦Ό,
λ‚™μ„œμΌ 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
01:24
These ideas come from a variety of places.
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이런 생각은 μ—¬λŸ¬ κ³³μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
Cartoonists might find the idea from observing life,
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λ§Œν™”κ°€λŠ” 삢을 κ΄€μ°°ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜,
01:30
reading a newspaper,
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신문을 μ½κ±°λ‚˜,
01:32
trawling online.
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인터넷을 λ’€μ Έμ„œ 생각을 얻기도 ν•˜μ§€μš”.
01:34
It can come from a sentence someone said
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생각은 λˆ„κ°€ ν•œ λ§μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜¬ μˆ˜λ„ 있고
01:36
or a single word heard on television.
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ν…”λ ˆλΉ„μ Όμ—μ„œ 듀은 ν•œ λ§ˆλ””μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜¬ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
01:39
Cartoonists are like sponges;
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λ§Œν™”κ°€λŠ” μŠ€νŽ€μ§€κ°™μ•„μš”.
01:41
they soak up people, places, mannerisms, clothing, and behavior.
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λ§Œν™”κ°€λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒ, μž₯μ†Œ, 버릇, 옷, 행동을 λͺ¨λ‘ λ°›μ•„λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
Sometimes they might jot them down
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λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” κ·Έ λͺ¨λ‘λ₯Ό
01:48
in a little black book that they carry around with them.
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늘 μ§€λ‹ˆκ³  λ‹€λ‹ˆλŠ” 검정색 μž‘μ€ μˆ˜μ²©μ— μ μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:51
Other times, it is just soaked up into the cartoonist's brain
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μ–΄λ–€ λ•Œμ—λŠ” 이런 것듀이 λͺ¨λ‘ λ§Œν™”κ°€μ˜ λ¨Έλ¦¬μ†μœΌλ‘œ 빨아듀인 λ‹€μŒ,
01:55
only to be squeezed out later when she is sitting at her drawing table.
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λ‚˜μ€‘μ— 책상에 μ•‰μ•„μ„œ κ·Έκ±Έ μ§œλ‚΄μ§€μš”.
01:59
Not only does a cartoonist have to be aware
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λ§Œν™”κ°€λŠ” μžκΈ°κ°€ 무엇을 λ³΄λŠ”μ§€
02:02
of what she is seeing visually,
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μ•Œμ•„ μ°¨λ €μ•Ό ν•  뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
02:03
but she has to listen to herself think.
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μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” μžκΈ°ν•œν…Œ κ·€κΈ°μšΈμ—¬μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
In other words, take the incoming information
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λ‹€μ‹œ 말해, λ“€μ–΄μ˜€λŠ” 정보λ₯Ό 가지고
02:09
and select it, shape it, and then use it for a cartoon.
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정보λ₯Ό κ³ λ₯΄κ³ , ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ§Œν™”λ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ‚΄μ•Ό ν•˜μ§€μš”.
02:13
Now that you have an idea,
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이제 μ–΄λ–€ 생각이 λ– μ˜¬λžλ‹€κ³  해보죠.
02:14
or something you think could be good for a cartoon,
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ λ§Œν™”λ‘œ λ§Œλ“€κΈ°μ— 쒋은 λ­”κ°€κ°€ μžˆλ‹€λ©΄,
02:17
it's time to shape it.
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생각을 ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:19
A cartoon is like a staged play.
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λ§Œν™”λŠ” λ¬΄λŒ€μ— μ˜¬λ €μ§„ μ—°κ·Ή κ°™μ•„μš”.
02:21
A cartoonist is playwright,
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λ§Œν™”κ°€λŠ” κ·Ήμž‘κ°€,
02:23
director,
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02:23
stage designer,
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감독,
λ¬΄λŒ€ μž₯μΉ˜κ°€,
02:25
choreographer,
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μ•ˆλ¬΄κ°€,
02:26
and costume designer.
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μ˜μƒ λ””μžμ΄λ„ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:27
A cartoon has characters,
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λ§Œν™”λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬ λ“±μž₯인물듀,
02:29
a set,
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02:29
dialogue,
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λ°°κ²½,
λŒ€ν™”,
02:30
even if one line,
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ν•œ 쀄뿐이라고 해도
02:31
and a backstory.
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λ°°κ²½ 이야기가 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
02:34
The characters must be dressed to fit the idea,
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λ“±μž₯인물은 생각에 μ–΄μšΈλ¦¬λŠ” μ˜·μ„ μž…μ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜κ³ ,
02:36
speak in a way that is natural and forwards the idea
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μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ λ§ν•˜κ³  생각을 λ‚΄λ†“κ±°λ‚˜
02:39
or gives the punchline.
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핡심을 말해야죠.
02:41
Nothing should be in the cartoon
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생각을 λ°œμ „μ‹œν‚€λŠ”λ° κΌ­ ν•„μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄
02:42
that is not absolutely necessary for the advancement of the idea.
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κ·Έ μ–΄λ–€ 것도 λ§Œν™”μ— 있으면 μ•ˆ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
The image and words have to <i>dance</i> together
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κ·Έλ¦Όκ³Ό 말은 뜻이 ν†΅ν•˜λ„λ‘
02:50
in a way that makes sense.
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ν•¨κ»˜ μΆ€μΆ°μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:52
It could be a graceful dance, or an awkward dance,
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μš°μ•„ν•œ 좀일 μˆ˜λ„ 있고, μ„œνˆ¬λ₯Έ 좀일 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
02:55
if that is part of the humor or idea.
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만일 그게 μœ λ¨Έλ‚˜ μƒκ°μ˜ μΌλΆ€μ΄κΈ°λ§Œ ν•˜λ‹€λ©΄μš”.
02:58
And then the execution.
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그런 λ’€μ—λŠ” 싀행이죠.
03:00
Some cartoonists sketch the idea with pencil
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μ–΄λ–€ λ§Œν™”κ°€λŠ” μ—°ν•„λ‘œ 생각을 그리고
03:02
then ink it with pen using a light box.
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μ‘°λͺ…μƒμžλ₯Ό μ¨μ„œ 펜으둜 덧칠을 ν•˜μ§€μš”.
03:06
Others visualize the image in their head
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λ§Œν™”κ°€λŠ” 머릿속에 그림을 κ΅¬μƒν•˜μ—¬
03:07
and draw directly on the paper in pen.
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λ°”λ‘œ 쒅이에 펜으둜 κ·Έλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
Different kinds of pens are used:
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μ—¬λŸ¬ 가지 νŽœμ„ μ“°μ§€μš”.
03:12
felt-tip, mechanical pen, or a crow quill.
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펠트펜, μƒ€ν”„νŽœ, κΉŒλ§ˆκ·€ κΉƒνŽœ.
03:16
Paper can be light-weight or heavy-bond.
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μ’…μ΄λŠ” κ°€λ³κ±°λ‚˜ λ‘κ»κ²Œ 묢인 것일 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
03:18
Many cartoonists add gray tone, called a wash,
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λ§Žμ€ λ§Œν™”κ°€λ“€μ΄ 검정색 μˆ˜μ±„ν™” 물감과 λΆ“μœΌλ‘œ
03:21
by using black watercolor and a brush.
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μ›Œμ‹œλΌκ³  λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” νšŒμƒ‰μ„ μž…νž™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:24
Others use a soft pencil for the tone.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 색을 μž…νž λ•Œ 연필을 μ”λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:27
Color is usually created by using watercolor.
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보톡은 μˆ˜μ±„ν™” 물감으둜 색깔을 λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
A finished cartoon can then be scanned and adjusted,
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μž‘μ—…μ΄ λλ‚œ λ§Œν™”λŠ” μŠ€μΊ”ν•˜κ³  μˆ˜μ •ν•΄μ„œ
03:32
and the caption can be added on the computer with Photoshop.
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μ»΄ν“¨ν„°μ—μ„œ 포토샡(Photoshop) 으둜 λŒ€μ‚¬λ₯Ό λ„£μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
New technologies are emerging for the cartoonist's use in creating her cartoon.
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λ§Œν™”κ°€κ°€ λ§Œν™”λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ”λ° μ“Έ 수 μžˆλŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 기술이 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
03:41
Photoshop can serve as a tool for color and image.
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포토샡은 색깔과 그림을 μœ„ν•œ λ„κ΅¬λ‘œ μ“Έ 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
03:44
Some may draw directly on a tablet with a stylus.
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μ–΄λ–€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μŠ€νƒ€μΌλŸ¬μŠ€ 펜으둜 νƒœλΈ”λ¦Ώ 컴퓨터에 λ°”λ‘œ 그리기도 ν•˜μ£ .
03:47
The choices at this stage of creation work in tandem with the idea,
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λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œλŠ” 생각에 따라 μ„ νƒν•˜κ³ ,
03:50
and often when the final caption is added,
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ν”νžˆ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ λŒ€μ‚¬λ₯Ό 넣은 λ’€
03:53
it gets adjusted yet again.
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λ‹€μ‹œ κ³ μΉ˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:55
But, little is left to chance,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μˆ˜μ±„ν™” 물감을 μ œμ™Έν•˜κ³ λŠ”
03:57
except, perhaps, some of the watercolor.
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κΈ°νšŒλŠ” 거의 μ—†μ§€μš”.
03:59
All these elements function in concert with one another.
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이런 μš”μ†Œλ“€μ΄ λͺ¨λ‘ 잘 μ–΄μš°λŸ¬μ Έ μž‘λ™ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
It's almost like a dance of words, ideas, and images
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그건 마치 λ§Œν™”λ₯Ό 끝없이, κ΅΄ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” μ˜ˆμˆ μž‘ν’ˆμœΌλ‘œ
04:05
that work together in order to make the cartoon
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λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 말, 생각, 그림듀이
04:08
a timeless, resilient work of art.
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ν•¨κ»˜ μΌν•˜λ©° μΆ€μΆ”λŠ” 것 κ°™μ•„μš”.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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