The case of the missing fractals - Alex Rosenthal and George Zaidan

728,017 views ใƒป 2014-04-29

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Tal Dekkers
00:18
It was a night like any other night,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ืœื” ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ืœื™ืœื”,
00:20
except here I was climbing the platonic peaks
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ืจืง ืฉื”ื ื” ืื ื™ ืžื˜ืคืก ืขืœ ืคืกื’ืช ืคืœื˜ื•ื ื™ืงืก
00:23
like Romeo on a second date.
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ื›ืžื• ืจื•ืžืื• ื‘ื“ื™ื™ื˜ ืฉื ื™.
00:27
(ugh)
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(ืื™ื™)
00:29
I was there for the dame.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืขืœืžื”.
00:32
She had eyes like imaginary numbers
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื” ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื
00:33
and curves that went on forever.
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ื•ื—ืžื•ืงื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืชืžื™ื“.
00:36
Said she wanted to go home.
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ืืžืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืœื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”.
00:38
Said I could help.
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ืืžืจื” ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ.
00:39
Said the pay was good.
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ืืžืจื” ืฉื”ืฉื›ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘.
00:41
Didn't say anything about climbing a...
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ืœื ืืžืจื” ื›ืœื•ื ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ืขืœ...
00:43
Voice: "Who's there?"
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ืงื•ืœ: "ืžื™ ืฉื?"
00:44
Manny Brot: "Manny Brot, private eye."
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ืžืื ื™ ื‘ืจื•ื˜: "ืžืื ื™ ื‘ืจื•ื˜, ื‘ืœืฉ ืคืจื˜ื™."
00:47
Voice: "What are you doing here?"
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ืงื•ืœ: "ืžื” ืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืคื”?"
00:49
"A pretty number sent me to find a stolen dingus."
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"ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืคื” ืฉืœื—ื” ืื•ืชื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ื™ื ื’ื•ืก ื’ื ื•ื‘."
00:52
Voice: "Well, to enter the cave,
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ืงื•ืœ: "ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืžืขืจื”,
00:54
you must answer my riddles three."
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ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ."
00:56
What was it with riddles,
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ืžื” ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืขื ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช,
00:58
and why do they always come in threes?
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ื•ืœืžื” ื”ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœืฉื•ืช?
01:00
"Is it an egg?"
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"ื”ืื ื–ื• ื‘ื™ืฆื”?"
01:01
"No. Why would it be an egg?"
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"ืœื, ืœืžื” ืฉื–ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืฆื”?"
01:03
"It's usually an egg."
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"ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื”."
01:06
"What can I hold in my hand, but has zero area?"
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"ืžื” ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืคืก ืฉื˜ื—?"
01:11
"Is it a dodo egg?"
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"ื”ืื ื–ื• ื‘ื™ืฆืช ื“ื•ื“ื•?"
01:12
"It's not an egg!"
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"ื–ื• ืœื ื‘ื™ืฆื”!"
01:13
I took out the rock that had nearly brained me before
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ื”ื•ืฆืืชื™ ืืช ื”ืกืœืข ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื— ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ
01:15
and gave it a hard ponder.
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืขื•ืžืง.
01:17
The size of the rising bump on my conk
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ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ื’ื“ืœื” ืขืœ ืจืืฉื™
01:18
said to me that this thing had area,
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ืืžืจ ืœื™ ืฉืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื˜ื—,
01:21
and a lot of it.
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ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืžื ื•.
01:23
But what if I carved out a triangle from this side here?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื•ืจื˜ ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ื–ื” ืคื”?
01:25
As any mook could see,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืœ ืžื•ืง ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช,
01:27
this triangle had a quarter of the area of the full triangle.
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ืœืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืจื‘ืข ืžื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ื”ืฉืœื.
01:30
I did the same thing again with each of the smaller triangles.
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ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžื”ืฉื•ืœืฉื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:33
Again, a quarter of the remaining area -- gone.
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ืฉื•ื‘, ืจื‘ืข ืžื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉื ืฉืืจ -- ื ืขืœื.
01:36
And I just kept going.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืžืฉื›ืชื™.
01:38
After an infinite number of cuts,
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ืื—ืจื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืชื•ื›ื™ื,
01:40
I was satisfied that my triangle had zero area.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืœืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ืืคืก ืฉื˜ื—.
01:43
A bounded shape with zero area.
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ืฆื•ืจื” ืกื’ื•ืจื” ืขื ืืคืก ืฉื˜ื—.
01:47
Now, it's not often that I surprise myself,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ื” ืœื ืงื•ืจื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืคืชื™ืข ืืช ืขืฆืžื™,
01:49
but my own two mitts had created something crazy,
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื™ืฆืจื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ,
01:52
and new.
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ื•ื—ื“ืฉ.
01:54
"Very good. (ahem)
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"ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“. (ื”ืžืž)
01:55
Now, show me a shape with finite area,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืชืจืื” ืœื™ ืฆื•ืจื” ืขื ืฉื˜ื— ืกื•ืคื™,
01:58
but an infinitely long perimeter."
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืคื™."
02:01
"Let me get this straight.
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"ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื”,
02:03
If I want to make a snip in the border of this shape,
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ืื ืื ื™ ืืฆื•ืจ ื—ื™ืชื•ืš ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจื”,
02:05
smooth it out, and lay it on the ground ... "
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ืœื™ื™ืฉืจ ืื•ืชื•, ื•ื”ืœื ื™ื— ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื”ืื“ืžื”..."
02:07
"It would go on for ... "
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"ื”ื•ื ื™ืžืฉืš ืœ..."
02:08
"Wait 'til I'm through, and then you can talk.
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"ื—ื›ื” ืขื“ ืฉืืกื™ื™ื, ื•ืื– ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ.
02:11
It would go on forever."
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ื–ื” ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืชืžื™ื“."
02:13
"Are you through?"
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"ื”ืื ืกื™ื™ืžืช?"
02:16
"Yeah."
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"ื›ืŸ."
02:17
"So show me that shape then."
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"ืื– ืชืจืื” ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื”."
02:19
Mmm ... I hadn't been this stuck
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ืžืžืž... ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืชืงื•ืข
02:21
since the Rubik's Cube fiasco of '58.
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ืžืื– ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ื”ืงื•ื‘ื™ื” ื”ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ 58'.
02:25
All the shapes I knew had perimeters.
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ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื›ืจืชื™ ื”ื™ื• ื”ืงืคื™ื.
02:26
Circles: 2ฯ€r. Triangles: sum of their sides.
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ืขื™ื’ื•ืœื™ื: 2ฯ€r. ืžืฉื•ืœืฉื™ื: ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืฆืœืขื•ืช.
02:30
What's this?
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ืžื” ื–ื”?
02:31
An angle.
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ื–ื•ื™ืช.
02:33
An angle from heaven.
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ื–ื•ื™ืช ืžื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ.
02:35
What if I were to pinch each side, like so.
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ืžื” ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆื•ื‘ื˜ ืขืœ ืฆื“, ื›ื›ื”.
02:38
A third of the way through, just so.
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ื‘ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ื“ืจืš, ื›ื›ื”.
02:41
And do it again,
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ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘,
02:42
and again,
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘,
02:43
and again.
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘,
02:45
After each pinch, the perimeter got a third longer
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืœ ืฆื‘ื™ื˜ื”, ื”ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืืจืš ื‘ืฉืœื™ืฉ
02:48
because where there had been three line segments,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ืคื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืงื˜ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื•ื™ื,
02:51
now there were four.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ืฉ ืืจื‘ืขื”.
02:53
As for the area,
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ื•ื‘ื ื•ื›ืข ืœืฉื˜ื—,
02:54
every pinch made more triangles, that's true.
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ื›ืœ ืฆื‘ื™ื˜ื” ื™ืฆืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื•ืœืฉื™ื, ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
02:57
But those triangles were getting smaller and smaller.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉื™ื ื”ืื” ื ืขืฉื• ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:00
You could say that the area was converging,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืฉื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืชืœื›ื“,
03:02
approaching a fixed number,
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ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืœืžืกืคืจ ืงื‘ื•ืข,
03:04
while the perimeter was just getting bigger and bigger,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื”ืงืฃ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืขืฉื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ,
03:06
uncontrollably ballooning like an overindulgent birthday clown.
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ืžืชื ืคื— ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื›ืžื• ืœื™ืฆืŸ ืฉืžืชืืžืฅ ืžื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืช.
03:11
After infinity pinches, flimflam, there it was:
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ืื—ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืช, ืคืœื™ืžืคืœืื, ื”ื ื” ื–ื”:
03:15
Finite area, but infinite perimeter.
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ืฉื˜ื— ืกื•ืคื™, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืคื™.
03:19
Now that is a piece of work.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื• ื—ืชื™ื›ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
03:21
"Oh, you're good. (ahem) Riddle three:
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"ืื•, ืืชื” ื˜ื•ื‘.(ื”ืžืž) ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช:
03:24
Show me a picture that if I magnify it under my microscope,
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ืชืจืื” ืœื™ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืื ืื’ื“ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกืงื•ืค ืฉืœื™,
03:27
I'll keep seeing the original picture,
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ืื ื™ ืืžืฉื™ืš ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช,
03:29
no matter how much I zoom in."
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืžื” ืื ื™ ืืขืฉื” ื–ื•ื."
03:32
"You're a strange little man."
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"ืืชื” ืื™ืฉ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ืžื•ื–ืจ."
03:34
"Thank you."
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"ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš."
03:35
I was out of ideas,
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ื ื’ืžืจื• ืœื™ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช,
03:37
so I looked at my muse, my complex Dora.
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ืื– ืคื ื™ืชื™ ืœืžื•ื–ื” ืฉืœื™, ื”ื“ื•ืจื” ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืฉืœื™.
03:39
Voice: "Who's the dame?"
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ืงื•ืœ: "ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจื”?"
03:41
And then it hit me.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื‘ื ืชื™.
03:42
"She's a heart breaker, my fractal femme fatale.
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"ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ืจืช ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช, ื”ืคืื ืคื˜ืืœ ื”ืคืจืงื˜ืœื™ืช ืฉืœื™.
03:45
Will she do?"
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ื”ืื ื”ื™ื ืชืกืคื™ืง?"
03:46
"Yes, she'll do just fine."
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"ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืช."
03:50
(lightning)
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(ื‘ืจืง)
03:53
It was dark, and at first I thought the cave was empty,
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ื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ืš, ื•ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื”ืžืขืจื” ืจื™ืงื”,
03:56
but then I noticed: the box.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ื”ื‘ื—ื ืชื™ ื‘ืงื•ืคืกื”.
04:00
The dame had played me like a triangle.
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ื”ืขืœืžื” ืฉื™ื—ืงื” ื‘ื™ ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ.
04:02
She had told me she wanted to go home.
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ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” ืœื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืœื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”.
04:04
(Lightning)
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(ื‘ืจืง)
04:06
What she really wanted was to bring her home here.
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืจืฆืชื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื” ืœืคื”.
04:10
The fractals spread everywhere.
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ื”ืคืจืงื˜ืœื™ื ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื• ืœื›ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ.
04:11
Most of them the same
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ืจื•ื‘ื ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ
04:12
no matter how deep you looked at them,
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืžื” ืขืžื•ืง ื”ืกืชื›ืœืชื ืขืœื™ื”ื,
04:14
like Dora's mugshot.
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืจื”.
04:16
Some had infinitely long perimeters,
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ืœื›ืžื” ื”ื™ื• ื”ื™ืงืคื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืคื™ื™ื,
04:18
others were objects with no area or volume,
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ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืขืฆืžื™ื ืœืœื ืฉื˜ื— ืื• ื ืคื—,
04:20
all of them created through infinite repetition.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื ื•ืฆืจื• ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืคื™ืช.
04:24
So, you wanted to know what fractals are?
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ืื–, ืจืฆื™ืชื ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ื”ื ืคืจืงื˜ืœื™ื?
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื”ื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžืžื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช.
04:28
Well, kid, they're the stuff that dreams are made of.
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04:30
(Music)
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(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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