The case of the missing fractals - Alex Rosenthal and George Zaidan

725,872 views ・ 2014-04-29

TED-Ed


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

00:18
It was a night like any other night,
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except here I was climbing the platonic peaks
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like Romeo on a second date.
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(ugh)
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I was there for the dame.
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She had eyes like imaginary numbers
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and curves that went on forever.
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Said she wanted to go home.
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Said I could help.
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Said the pay was good.
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Didn't say anything about climbing a...
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Voice: "Who's there?"
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Manny Brot: "Manny Brot, private eye."
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Voice: "What are you doing here?"
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"A pretty number sent me to find a stolen dingus."
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Voice: "Well, to enter the cave,
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you must answer my riddles three."
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What was it with riddles,
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and why do they always come in threes?
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01:00
"Is it an egg?"
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"No. Why would it be an egg?"
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"It's usually an egg."
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"What can I hold in my hand, but has zero area?"
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"Is it a dodo egg?"
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"It's not an egg!"
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I took out the rock that had nearly brained me before
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and gave it a hard ponder.
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The size of the rising bump on my conk
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said to me that this thing had area,
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and a lot of it.
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But what if I carved out a triangle from this side here?
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As any mook could see,
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this triangle had a quarter of the area of the full triangle.
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I did the same thing again with each of the smaller triangles.
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Again, a quarter of the remaining area -- gone.
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And I just kept going.
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After an infinite number of cuts,
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I was satisfied that my triangle had zero area.
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A bounded shape with zero area.
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Now, it's not often that I surprise myself,
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but my own two mitts had created something crazy,
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and new.
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"Very good. (ahem)
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Now, show me a shape with finite area,
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but an infinitely long perimeter."
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"Let me get this straight.
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If I want to make a snip in the border of this shape,
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smooth it out, and lay it on the ground ... "
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"It would go on for ... "
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"Wait 'til I'm through, and then you can talk.
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It would go on forever."
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"Are you through?"
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"Yeah."
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"So show me that shape then."
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Mmm ... I hadn't been this stuck
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since the Rubik's Cube fiasco of '58.
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All the shapes I knew had perimeters.
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Circles: 2πr. Triangles: sum of their sides.
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What's this?
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An angle.
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An angle from heaven.
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What if I were to pinch each side, like so.
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A third of the way through, just so.
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And do it again,
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and again,
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and again.
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After each pinch, the perimeter got a third longer
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because where there had been three line segments,
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now there were four.
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As for the area,
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every pinch made more triangles, that's true.
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But those triangles were getting smaller and smaller.
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You could say that the area was converging,
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approaching a fixed number,
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while the perimeter was just getting bigger and bigger,
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uncontrollably ballooning like an overindulgent birthday clown.
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After infinity pinches, flimflam, there it was:
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Finite area, but infinite perimeter.
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Now that is a piece of work.
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"Oh, you're good. (ahem) Riddle three:
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Show me a picture that if I magnify it under my microscope,
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I'll keep seeing the original picture,
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no matter how much I zoom in."
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"You're a strange little man."
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"Thank you."
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I was out of ideas,
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so I looked at my muse, my complex Dora.
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Voice: "Who's the dame?"
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And then it hit me.
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"She's a heart breaker, my fractal femme fatale.
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Will she do?"
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"Yes, she'll do just fine."
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03:50
(lightning)
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It was dark, and at first I thought the cave was empty,
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but then I noticed: the box.
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The dame had played me like a triangle.
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She had told me she wanted to go home.
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(Lightning)
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What she really wanted was to bring her home here.
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The fractals spread everywhere.
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Most of them the same
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no matter how deep you looked at them,
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like Dora's mugshot.
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Some had infinitely long perimeters,
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others were objects with no area or volume,
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all of them created through infinite repetition.
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So, you wanted to know what fractals are?
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Well, kid, they're the stuff that dreams are made of.
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04:30
(Music)
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