A day in the life of an ancient Athenian - Robert Garland

4,266,996 views ・ 2018-03-15

TED-Ed


Dvaput kliknite na engleske titlove ispod za reprodukciju videozapisa.

Prevoditelj: Hrvoje Tkalec Recezent: Sanda L
00:08
It’s 427 BCE and the worst internal conflict ever to occur
0
8022
4744
Godina je 427. p. n. e. i najgori unutarnji konflikt
00:12
in the ancient Greek world is in its fourth year.
1
12766
3650
koji se dogodio u svijetu antičke Grčke traje već četvrtu godinu.
00:16
The Peloponnesian War is being fought
2
16416
2204
Peloponeski rat se vodio
00:18
between the city-states of Athens and Sparta, as well as their allies.
3
18620
5606
između gradova-država Atene i Sparte, kao i njihovih saveznika.
00:24
The Athenians can’t match the formidable Spartan army on land.
4
24226
4495
Atenjani se ne mogu nositi sa strašnom spartanskom vojskom na kopnu.
00:28
So they’ve abandoned the countryside
5
28721
1980
Zato su napustili sela
00:30
and moved inside the walls surrounding their city and port,
6
30701
3905
i preselili se unutar zidina koje su opasavale njihov grad i luku,
00:34
now provisioned by a superior fleet and extensive maritime empire.
7
34606
5660
koje sada štiti superiorna flota i veliko pomorsko carstvo.
00:40
The cramped conditions have taken a toll
8
40266
2131
Skučeni uvjeti su počeli uzimati danak
00:42
and a recent plague wiped out a third of the population.
9
42397
3699
i nedavna kuga je izbrisala trećinu stanovništva.
00:46
But city life goes on.
10
46096
2340
Međutim, gradski život se nastavlja.
00:48
Archias and Dexileia live in the center of Athens.
11
48436
4590
Arkije i Deksileja žive u centru Atene.
00:53
As a painter of high-class pottery,
12
53026
1932
Kao slikar visokokvalitetnog posuđa,
00:54
Archias is relatively well-off and takes great interest in the city’s affairs.
13
54958
5694
Arkije vodi relativno bogat život i jako ga zanima gradska politika.
01:00
Dexileia, on the other hand, can't participate in politics or own property.
14
60652
6564
Deksileja pak ne može sudjelovati u politici ili posjedovati nekretninu.
01:07
The couple are grateful to the gods that three of their four children,
15
67216
3650
Par je zahvalan bogovima što je troje od njihovo četvero djece,
01:10
a son and two daughters,
16
70866
1780
sin i dvije kćeri,
01:12
have survived past infancy.
17
72646
2891
preživjelo rano djetinjstvo.
01:15
Many parents see daughters as a liability
18
75537
3228
Mnogi roditelji vide kćeri kao prepreku
01:18
since they require dowries to find husbands.
19
78765
2979
jer je neophodno davanje miraza kako bi pronašle muževe.
01:21
But Archias is confident that his wealth
20
81744
2311
Međutim, Arkije je siguran da će mu njegovo bogatstvo omogućiti
01:24
will allow him to make good matches for them without going bankrupt.
21
84055
4632
pronalazak dobrih muževa za njih bez odlaska u bankrot.
01:28
Like many Athenians, the family owns slaves.
22
88687
3299
Kao i mnogi Atenjani, obitelj ima robove.
01:31
Originally from Thrace, they were captured in war.
23
91986
3601
Porijeklom iz Tracije, oni su ratni zarobljenici.
01:35
Thratta does most of the housework and helps raise the children.
24
95587
4159
Trata radi većinu kućanskih poslova i pomaže pri odgoju djece.
01:39
Philon is a paidagôgos,
25
99746
1925
Filon je pedagog
01:41
who supervises the son’s education, teaching him reading and writing.
26
101671
4217
koji nadzire sinovo obrazovanje, učeći ga čitati i pisati.
01:45
Archias is up early because there’s a meeting of the Ekklêsia,
27
105888
3827
Arkije je ustao rano zbog sastanka eklezije,
01:49
the assembly of citizens,
28
109715
1631
vijeća građana,
01:51
taking place at dawn.
29
111346
2291
koji se održava u zoru.
01:53
Before setting out, he burns incense
30
113637
2179
Prije odlaska, on pali tamjan
01:55
and pours a libation at the small shrine in the courtyard
31
115816
3761
i lije vino na malom oltaru u dvorištu
01:59
on behalf of his entire household.
32
119577
2559
u ime svog cijelog kućanstva.
02:02
Dexileia will remain at home all day, teaching her daughters domestic skills.
33
122136
4840
Deksileja će ostati kod kuće cijeli dan kako bi učila kćeri domaćinstvu.
02:06
Later, she’ll retire to the inner courtyard for some fresh air.
34
126976
4540
Kasnije će se povući u unutarnje dvorište kako bi udahnula svježi zrak.
02:11
When Archias arrives at the agora,
35
131516
2270
Kad Arkija stigne na agoru,
02:13
the civic and commercial heart of the city,
36
133786
2380
građansko i trgovačko središte grada,
02:16
he finds the square swarming with his fellow citizens,
37
136166
3390
pronalazi trg pun života od njegovih sugrađana,
02:19
native-born adult males who have completed military training.
38
139556
4760
odraslih muškaraca starosjedioca koji su završili vojnu obuku.
02:24
Attached to the central monument is a noticeboard with the meeting’s agenda.
39
144316
3681
Za središnji spomenik je zakačena ploča s dnevnim redom sastanka.
02:27
Today, there’s only one item of discussion:
40
147997
2729
Danas je samo jedna tema rasprave:
02:30
what to do with the people of Mytilene,
41
150726
2489
što učiniti sa stanovništvom Mitilene,
02:33
a city on the island of Lesbos
42
153215
1840
grada na otoku Lezbosu
02:35
where a revolt against Athenian rule has just been put down.
43
155055
4450
gdje je upravo ugušena pobuna protiv atenske vlasti.
02:39
The meeting takes place on a hill west of the acropolis known as the Pnyx.
44
159505
4852
Sastanak se održava na brdu zapadno od akropole pod nazivom Pniks.
02:44
The word means “tightly packed,"
45
164357
1859
Ta riječ znači "gusto zbijeni",
02:46
and the crowd of 5,000 citizens makes it clear why.
46
166216
4889
a gomila od 5000 građana opravdava taj naziv.
02:51
The heralds purify the hill by sprinkling its boundary with pig’s blood
47
171105
4311
Starješine pročišćavaju brdo prskanjem njegove granice svinjskom krvlju
02:55
and call for order.
48
175416
2281
i pozivaju na red.
02:57
As everyone sits on benches facing the platform,
49
177697
2809
Dok svi sjedaju na klupe okrenute prema platformi,
03:00
the presiding officer opens the meeting with the words:
50
180506
2881
predsjedavajući činovnik otvara sastanak riječima:
03:03
“Tis agoreuein bouleutai?”
51
183387
2169
"Tis agoreuein bouleutai?"
03:05
“Who wishes to address the assembly?”
52
185556
2971
"Tko se želi obratiti vijeću?"
03:08
One by one, citizens speak, some advising mercy, others bent on vengeance.
53
188527
6548
Jedan po jedan, građanini govore;
neki savjetuju milosrđe, drugi zagovaraju osvetu.
03:15
A motion is proposed to execute all the Mytileneans
54
195075
3662
Predloženo je da se pogube svi Mitilenjani
03:18
and enslave their women and children
55
198737
1728
i porobe njihove žene i djeca
03:20
because they betrayed their Athenian allies during a time of war.
56
200465
4240
jer su izdali svoje atenske saveznike u vrijeme rata.
03:24
A majority raises their right hands in favor.
57
204705
4541
Većina glasa za prijedlog podizanjem svoje desne ruke.
03:29
Once the meeting’s over, Archias heads back to the agora to buy food and wine.
58
209246
5080
Čim sastanak završi, Arkije se vraća na agoru kako bi kupio hranu i vino.
03:34
Hundreds have gathered there to discuss the results,
59
214326
2700
Tamo su se skupile stotine kako bi raspravljale o ishodu,
03:37
many unhappy with the decision.
60
217026
2711
a mnogi od njih su nezadovoljni odlukom.
03:39
When Archias returns home, he tells Dexileia about the debate.
61
219737
3720
Kad se Arkije vrati kući, priča Deksileji o raspravi.
03:43
She thinks that killing the innocent as well as the guilty
62
223457
2930
Ona smatra kako je ubijanje nevinih, jednako kao i krivih,
03:46
is harsh and counterproductive,
63
226387
2011
okrutno i kontraproduktivno,
03:48
and tells him as much.
64
228398
1948
i to mu i govori.
03:50
Around dusk, Archias goes to a friend’s house for a symposium.
65
230346
4280
Oko sumraka, Arkije ide do prijateljeve kuće na simpozij.
03:54
The nine men drink wine and discuss the meeting well into the night.
66
234626
4061
Devet muškaraca pije vino i raspravlja o sastanku do kasno u noć.
03:58
Archias shares his wife’s opinion urging mercy, and his friends eventually agree.
67
238687
6386
Arkije podijeli stav svoje supruge o milosrđu
sa kojim se na kraju slože njegovi prijatelji.
Prije zore, događa se nešto jedinstveno.
04:05
Before dawn, something unprecedented happens.
68
245073
3053
04:08
Heralds circulate throughout Athens
69
248126
2401
Glasnici kruže Atenom
04:10
announcing the council has called another meeting.
70
250527
3488
javljajući da je vijeće sazvalo novi sastanak.
04:14
The second debate is equally heated,
71
254015
2171
Druga debata je jednako žestoka,
04:16
but a new resolution, to execute only the leaders of the revolt,
72
256186
3729
ali nova odluka, prema kojoj bi se pogubile samo vođe pobune,
04:19
narrowly passes.
73
259915
2097
je usvojena tankom većinom.
Međutim, postoji problem -
04:22
Yet there’s a problem –
74
262012
1338
04:23
a ship with orders to carry out the first resolution
75
263350
2762
brod sa zapovijedi za izvršavanjem prve odluke
je isplovio jučer.
04:26
was dispatched the previous day.
76
266112
2166
04:28
And so another ship quickly sets sail to countermand the order –
77
268278
4868
Zato drugi brod brzo isplovljava kako bi se poništila zapovijed -
04:33
a race of democracy against time.
78
273146
3020
utrka demokracije s vremenom.
O ovoj web stranici

Ova stranica će vas upoznati s YouTube videozapisima koji su korisni za učenje engleskog jezika. Vidjet ćete lekcije engleskog koje vode vrhunski profesori iz cijelog svijeta. Dvaput kliknite na engleske titlove prikazane na svakoj video stranici da biste reproducirali video s tog mjesta. Titlovi se pomiču sinkronizirano s reprodukcijom videozapisa. Ako imate bilo kakvih komentara ili zahtjeva, obratite nam se putem ovog obrasca za kontakt.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7