A day in the life of an ancient Athenian - Robert Garland

4,238,015 views ・ 2018-03-15

TED-Ed


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Prevoditelj: Hrvoje Tkalec Recezent: Sanda L
00:08
It’s 427 BCE and the worst internal conflict ever to occur
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Godina je 427. p. n. e. i najgori unutarnji konflikt
00:12
in the ancient Greek world is in its fourth year.
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koji se dogodio u svijetu antičke Grčke traje već četvrtu godinu.
00:16
The Peloponnesian War is being fought
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Peloponeski rat se vodio
00:18
between the city-states of Athens and Sparta, as well as their allies.
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između gradova-država Atene i Sparte, kao i njihovih saveznika.
00:24
The Athenians can’t match the formidable Spartan army on land.
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Atenjani se ne mogu nositi sa strašnom spartanskom vojskom na kopnu.
00:28
So they’ve abandoned the countryside
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Zato su napustili sela
00:30
and moved inside the walls surrounding their city and port,
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i preselili se unutar zidina koje su opasavale njihov grad i luku,
00:34
now provisioned by a superior fleet and extensive maritime empire.
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koje sada štiti superiorna flota i veliko pomorsko carstvo.
00:40
The cramped conditions have taken a toll
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Skučeni uvjeti su počeli uzimati danak
00:42
and a recent plague wiped out a third of the population.
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i nedavna kuga je izbrisala trećinu stanovništva.
00:46
But city life goes on.
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Međutim, gradski život se nastavlja.
00:48
Archias and Dexileia live in the center of Athens.
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Arkije i Deksileja žive u centru Atene.
00:53
As a painter of high-class pottery,
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Kao slikar visokokvalitetnog posuđa,
00:54
Archias is relatively well-off and takes great interest in the city’s affairs.
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Arkije vodi relativno bogat život i jako ga zanima gradska politika.
01:00
Dexileia, on the other hand, can't participate in politics or own property.
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Deksileja pak ne može sudjelovati u politici ili posjedovati nekretninu.
01:07
The couple are grateful to the gods that three of their four children,
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Par je zahvalan bogovima što je troje od njihovo četvero djece,
01:10
a son and two daughters,
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sin i dvije kćeri,
01:12
have survived past infancy.
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preživjelo rano djetinjstvo.
01:15
Many parents see daughters as a liability
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Mnogi roditelji vide kćeri kao prepreku
01:18
since they require dowries to find husbands.
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jer je neophodno davanje miraza kako bi pronašle muževe.
01:21
But Archias is confident that his wealth
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Međutim, Arkije je siguran da će mu njegovo bogatstvo omogućiti
01:24
will allow him to make good matches for them without going bankrupt.
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pronalazak dobrih muževa za njih bez odlaska u bankrot.
01:28
Like many Athenians, the family owns slaves.
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Kao i mnogi Atenjani, obitelj ima robove.
01:31
Originally from Thrace, they were captured in war.
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Porijeklom iz Tracije, oni su ratni zarobljenici.
01:35
Thratta does most of the housework and helps raise the children.
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Trata radi većinu kućanskih poslova i pomaže pri odgoju djece.
01:39
Philon is a paidagôgos,
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Filon je pedagog
01:41
who supervises the son’s education, teaching him reading and writing.
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koji nadzire sinovo obrazovanje, učeći ga čitati i pisati.
01:45
Archias is up early because there’s a meeting of the Ekklêsia,
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Arkije je ustao rano zbog sastanka eklezije,
01:49
the assembly of citizens,
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vijeća građana,
01:51
taking place at dawn.
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koji se održava u zoru.
01:53
Before setting out, he burns incense
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Prije odlaska, on pali tamjan
01:55
and pours a libation at the small shrine in the courtyard
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i lije vino na malom oltaru u dvorištu
01:59
on behalf of his entire household.
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u ime svog cijelog kućanstva.
02:02
Dexileia will remain at home all day, teaching her daughters domestic skills.
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Deksileja će ostati kod kuće cijeli dan kako bi učila kćeri domaćinstvu.
02:06
Later, she’ll retire to the inner courtyard for some fresh air.
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Kasnije će se povući u unutarnje dvorište kako bi udahnula svježi zrak.
02:11
When Archias arrives at the agora,
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Kad Arkija stigne na agoru,
02:13
the civic and commercial heart of the city,
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građansko i trgovačko središte grada,
02:16
he finds the square swarming with his fellow citizens,
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pronalazi trg pun života od njegovih sugrađana,
02:19
native-born adult males who have completed military training.
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odraslih muškaraca starosjedioca koji su završili vojnu obuku.
02:24
Attached to the central monument is a noticeboard with the meeting’s agenda.
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Za središnji spomenik je zakačena ploča s dnevnim redom sastanka.
02:27
Today, there’s only one item of discussion:
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Danas je samo jedna tema rasprave:
02:30
what to do with the people of Mytilene,
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što učiniti sa stanovništvom Mitilene,
02:33
a city on the island of Lesbos
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grada na otoku Lezbosu
02:35
where a revolt against Athenian rule has just been put down.
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gdje je upravo ugušena pobuna protiv atenske vlasti.
02:39
The meeting takes place on a hill west of the acropolis known as the Pnyx.
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Sastanak se održava na brdu zapadno od akropole pod nazivom Pniks.
02:44
The word means “tightly packed,"
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Ta riječ znači "gusto zbijeni",
02:46
and the crowd of 5,000 citizens makes it clear why.
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a gomila od 5000 građana opravdava taj naziv.
02:51
The heralds purify the hill by sprinkling its boundary with pig’s blood
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Starješine pročišćavaju brdo prskanjem njegove granice svinjskom krvlju
02:55
and call for order.
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i pozivaju na red.
02:57
As everyone sits on benches facing the platform,
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Dok svi sjedaju na klupe okrenute prema platformi,
03:00
the presiding officer opens the meeting with the words:
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predsjedavajući činovnik otvara sastanak riječima:
03:03
“Tis agoreuein bouleutai?”
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"Tis agoreuein bouleutai?"
03:05
“Who wishes to address the assembly?”
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"Tko se želi obratiti vijeću?"
03:08
One by one, citizens speak, some advising mercy, others bent on vengeance.
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Jedan po jedan, građanini govore;
neki savjetuju milosrđe, drugi zagovaraju osvetu.
03:15
A motion is proposed to execute all the Mytileneans
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Predloženo je da se pogube svi Mitilenjani
03:18
and enslave their women and children
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i porobe njihove žene i djeca
03:20
because they betrayed their Athenian allies during a time of war.
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jer su izdali svoje atenske saveznike u vrijeme rata.
03:24
A majority raises their right hands in favor.
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Većina glasa za prijedlog podizanjem svoje desne ruke.
03:29
Once the meeting’s over, Archias heads back to the agora to buy food and wine.
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Čim sastanak završi, Arkije se vraća na agoru kako bi kupio hranu i vino.
03:34
Hundreds have gathered there to discuss the results,
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Tamo su se skupile stotine kako bi raspravljale o ishodu,
03:37
many unhappy with the decision.
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a mnogi od njih su nezadovoljni odlukom.
03:39
When Archias returns home, he tells Dexileia about the debate.
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Kad se Arkije vrati kući, priča Deksileji o raspravi.
03:43
She thinks that killing the innocent as well as the guilty
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Ona smatra kako je ubijanje nevinih, jednako kao i krivih,
03:46
is harsh and counterproductive,
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okrutno i kontraproduktivno,
03:48
and tells him as much.
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i to mu i govori.
03:50
Around dusk, Archias goes to a friend’s house for a symposium.
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Oko sumraka, Arkije ide do prijateljeve kuće na simpozij.
03:54
The nine men drink wine and discuss the meeting well into the night.
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Devet muškaraca pije vino i raspravlja o sastanku do kasno u noć.
03:58
Archias shares his wife’s opinion urging mercy, and his friends eventually agree.
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Arkije podijeli stav svoje supruge o milosrđu
sa kojim se na kraju slože njegovi prijatelji.
Prije zore, događa se nešto jedinstveno.
04:05
Before dawn, something unprecedented happens.
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04:08
Heralds circulate throughout Athens
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Glasnici kruže Atenom
04:10
announcing the council has called another meeting.
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javljajući da je vijeće sazvalo novi sastanak.
04:14
The second debate is equally heated,
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Druga debata je jednako žestoka,
04:16
but a new resolution, to execute only the leaders of the revolt,
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ali nova odluka, prema kojoj bi se pogubile samo vođe pobune,
04:19
narrowly passes.
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je usvojena tankom većinom.
Međutim, postoji problem -
04:22
Yet there’s a problem –
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04:23
a ship with orders to carry out the first resolution
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brod sa zapovijedi za izvršavanjem prve odluke
je isplovio jučer.
04:26
was dispatched the previous day.
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04:28
And so another ship quickly sets sail to countermand the order –
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Zato drugi brod brzo isplovljava kako bi se poništila zapovijed -
04:33
a race of democracy against time.
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utrka demokracije s vremenom.
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