A day in the life of an ancient Athenian - Robert Garland

4,289,288 views ・ 2018-03-15

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Lim Chaemin κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:08
It’s 427 BCE and the worst internal conflict ever to occur
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기원전 427 년이며 사상 μ΅œμ•…μ˜ κ³ λŒ€ 그리슀
00:12
in the ancient Greek world is in its fourth year.
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내뢀적 κ°ˆλ“±μ΄ 4λ…„ μ§Έ μ§„ν–‰μ€‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:16
The Peloponnesian War is being fought
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νŽ λ‘œν°λ„€μ†ŒμŠ€ μ „μŸμ€ λ„μ‹œ κ΅­κ°€ μ•„ν…Œλ„€μ™€ 슀파λ₯΄νƒ€,
00:18
between the city-states of Athens and Sparta, as well as their allies.
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그리고 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 동맹ꡭ μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:24
The Athenians can’t match the formidable Spartan army on land.
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μ•„ν…Œλ„€μΈλ“€μ€ μœ‘μ§€μ—μ„œλŠ” κ·Έ κ°•λŒ€ν•œ 슀파λ₯΄νƒ€ κ΅°λŒ€λ₯Ό λ§žμ„€ μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
So they’ve abandoned the countryside
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 그듀은 평야λ₯Ό 버리고
00:30
and moved inside the walls surrounding their city and port,
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λ„μ‹œμ™€ 항ꡬλ₯Ό λ‘˜λŸ¬μ‹Έκ³  μžˆλŠ” λ²½ μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œ λ“€μ–΄κ°€μ„œ
00:34
now provisioned by a superior fleet and extensive maritime empire.
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μš°μ„Έν•œ ꡰ함과 κ΄‘λŒ€ν•œ ν•΄μ–‘ μ œκ΅­μ„ λ³΄κΈ‰λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:40
The cramped conditions have taken a toll
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비쒁은 ν™˜κ²½ λ•Œλ¬Έμ— ν”Όν•΄λ₯Ό μž…κ³ 
00:42
and a recent plague wiped out a third of the population.
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전염병 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 인ꡬ의 3λΆ„μ˜ 1이 μ£½μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:46
But city life goes on.
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κ·ΈλŸ°λ°λ„ λ„μ‹œ μƒν™œμ€ κ³„μ†λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:48
Archias and Dexileia live in the center of Athens.
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μ•„λ₯΄ν‚€μ•„와 λ°μ‹€λ¦¬μ•„λŠ” μ•„ν…Œλ„€μ˜ ν•œλ³΅νŒμ— μ‚½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
As a painter of high-class pottery,
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상λ₯˜μΈ΅μ˜ λ„μžκΈ° ν™”κ°€λ‘œμ„œ
00:54
Archias is relatively well-off and takes great interest in the city’s affairs.
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μ•„λ₯΄ν‚€μ•„λŠ” κ½€ 잘 μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμ—ˆκ³  λ„μ‹œμ˜ 일듀에 λ§Žμ€ 관심이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:00
Dexileia, on the other hand, can't participate in politics or own property.
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λ°μ‹€λ¦¬μ•„λŠ” λ°˜λ©΄μ—, μ •μΉ˜μ— μ°Έμ—¬ν•  수 μ—†κ³  토지λ₯Ό μ†Œμœ ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
The couple are grateful to the gods that three of their four children,
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κ·Έ λΆ€λΆ€λŠ” κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λ„€ 아이듀 쀑 μ„Έ λͺ…이
01:10
a son and two daughters,
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μ•„λ“€ ν•˜λ‚˜μ™€ 두 딸이
01:12
have survived past infancy.
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μœ μ•„κΈ°λ₯Ό μ§€λ‚˜ μƒμ‘΄ν•œ 것에 μ‹ λ“€μ—κ²Œ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:15
Many parents see daughters as a liability
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λ§Žμ€ λΆ€λͺ¨λ“€μ€ 딸을 골칫거리둜 λ³΄λŠ”λ°
01:18
since they require dowries to find husbands.
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λ‚¨νŽΈκ°μ„ κ΅¬ν•˜λ €λ©΄ μ§€μ°ΈκΈˆμ΄ ν•„μš”ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
But Archias is confident that his wealth
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ•„λ₯΄ν‚€μ•„λŠ” 그의 λΆ€κ°€
01:24
will allow him to make good matches for them without going bankrupt.
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κ·Έκ°€ νŒŒμ‚°ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  딸듀을 μœ„ν•œ 쒋은 짝듀을 찾아쀄 것이라고 ν™•μ‹ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
Like many Athenians, the family owns slaves.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λ§Žμ€ μ•„ν…Œλ„€μΈλ“€μ²˜λŸΌ, 그의 가쑱듀은 λ…Έμ˜ˆλ₯Ό μ†Œμœ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:31
Originally from Thrace, they were captured in war.
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트래슀 μΆœμ‹ μœΌλ‘œ, 그듀은 μ „μŸμ—μ„œ μž‘ν˜”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
Thratta does most of the housework and helps raise the children.
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νƒ€λΌνƒ€λŠ” λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 가사 노동을 ν•˜λ©° 아이듀을 ν‚€μš°λŠ” 데 도움을 μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
Philon is a paidagΓ΄gos,
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ν•„λ‘œλŠ” paidagΓ΄gos둜
01:41
who supervises the son’s education, teaching him reading and writing.
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μ•„λ“€μ˜ κ΅μš±μ„ κ°λ…ν•˜κ³  읽고 μ“°λŠ” 법을 κ°€λ₯΄μΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:45
Archias is up early because there’s a meeting of the EkklΓͺsia,
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μ•„ν‚€μ•„λŠ” 일찍 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ”λ° μƒˆλ²½μ—
01:49
the assembly of citizens,
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μ‹œλ―Όλ“€μ˜ λͺ¨μž„인
01:51
taking place at dawn.
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μ—ν¬λ ˆμ‹œμ•„μ˜ λͺ¨μž„이 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
Before setting out, he burns incense
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길을 λ– λ‚˜κΈ° 전에, κ·ΈλŠ” ν–₯을 ν”Όμš°κ³ 
01:55
and pours a libation at the small shrine in the courtyard
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뜰의 μž‘μ€ μ œλ‹¨μ— μˆ μ„ λΆ“μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:59
on behalf of his entire household.
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온 μ§‘μ•ˆ 식ꡬλ₯Ό λŒ€μ‹ ν•΄μ„œ ν•˜μ£ .
02:02
Dexileia will remain at home all day, teaching her daughters domestic skills.
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λ°μ‹€λ¦¬μ•„λŠ” ν•˜λ£¨μ’…μΌ 집에 머무λ₯΄λ©°, λ”Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ 가사λ₯Ό κ°€λ₯΄μΉ  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
Later, she’ll retire to the inner courtyard for some fresh air.
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후에, κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λ°”λžŒμ„ 쐬러 μ•ˆλœ°λ‘œ λ¬ΌλŸ¬λ‚  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
When Archias arrives at the agora,
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μ•„λ₯΄ν‚€μ•„κ°€ λ„μ‹œμ˜ μ‹œλ―Όκ³Ό μƒμ—…μ˜ 심μž₯인
02:13
the civic and commercial heart of the city,
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아고라에 λ„μ°©ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
02:16
he finds the square swarming with his fellow citizens,
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κ·ΈλŠ” κ΄‘μž₯에 κ΅°λŒ€ ν›ˆλ ¨μ„ 마친 토박이 성인 남성듀이
02:19
native-born adult males who have completed military training.
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λͺ¨μ—¬λ“€κ³  μžˆλŠ” 것을 λ°œκ²¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:24
Attached to the central monument is a noticeboard with the meeting’s agenda.
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쀑앙 기념물에 회의 의제λ₯Ό 담은 κ²Œμ‹œνŒμ΄ λΆ™μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:27
Today, there’s only one item of discussion:
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였늘의 ν† λ‘  ν•­λͺ©μ€ 단 ν•˜λ‚˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
what to do with the people of Mytilene,
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μ•„ν…Œλ„€μ˜ 지배에 λŒ€ν•­ν•˜λŠ” 폭동이 방금 μ§„μ••λœ
02:33
a city on the island of Lesbos
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레슀보슀 μ„¬μ˜ λ„μ‹œμΈ λ―Έν‹Έλ¦°μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„
02:35
where a revolt against Athenian rule has just been put down.
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ²˜λ¦¬ν•  것인가.
02:39
The meeting takes place on a hill west of the acropolis known as the Pnyx.
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이 νšŒμ˜λŠ” ν”Όλ‹‰μŠ€λ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ§„ μ•„ν¬λ‘œ 폴리슀 μ„œμͺ½ 언덕 μœ„μ—μ„œ μ—΄λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
The word means β€œtightly packed,"
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κ·Έ λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ” "꽉 μ°¬"을 μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ”λ°,
02:46
and the crowd of 5,000 citizens makes it clear why.
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λͺ¨μΈ 5,000λͺ…μ˜ μ‹œλ―Όλ“€μ„ 보면 이유λ₯Ό μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:51
The heralds purify the hill by sprinkling its boundary with pig’s blood
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κ·Έ μ‚¬μžλ“€μ€ 언덕을 μ •ν™”ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 경계λ₯Ό λΌμ§€μ˜ ν”Όλ‘œ 두λ₯΄κ³ 
02:55
and call for order.
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μ§ˆμ„œλ₯Ό μš”μ²­ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
As everyone sits on benches facing the platform,
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λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 연단을 마주 보고 λ²€μΉ˜μ— 앉을 λ•Œ
03:00
the presiding officer opens the meeting with the words:
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의μž₯은 λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같이 κ°œνšŒμ‚¬λ₯Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
β€œTis agoreuein bouleutai?”
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β€œTis agoreuein bouleutai?”
03:05
β€œWho wishes to address the assembly?”
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"νšŒμ˜μ—μ„œ μ—°μ„€ν•˜κ³  싢은 μ‚¬λžŒ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλΌ?"
03:08
One by one, citizens speak, some advising mercy, others bent on vengeance.
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μ‹œλ―Όλ“€μ€ ν•œλͺ…μ”© μ°¨λ‘€λ‘œ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³ , μ–΄λ–€ μ΄λŠ” μžλΉ„λ₯Ό κΆŒν•˜λ©°, λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ λ³΅μˆ˜μ— 골λͺ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
A motion is proposed to execute all the Mytileneans
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μ „μŸ 쀑 μ•„ν…Œλ„€μ˜ 동맹ꡭ듀을 λ°°λ°˜ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” 이유둜
03:18
and enslave their women and children
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λͺ¨λ“  미틸린듀을 μ‚¬ν˜•μ— μ²˜ν•˜κ³ 
03:20
because they betrayed their Athenian allies during a time of war.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ—¬μžμ™€ 아이듀을 λ…Έμ˜ˆλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μžλŠ” μ œμ•ˆμ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:24
A majority raises their right hands in favor.
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λ‹€μˆ˜λŠ” μ°¬μ„±ν•˜μ—¬ 였λ₯Έ 손을 λ“ λ‹€.
03:29
Once the meeting’s over, Archias heads back to the agora to buy food and wine.
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νšŒμ˜κ°€ λλ‚˜λ©΄, μ•„λ₯΄ν‚€μ•„λŠ” μŒμ‹κ³Ό 와인을 사기 μœ„ν•΄ μ•„κ³ λΌλ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:34
Hundreds have gathered there to discuss the results,
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결과에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ…Όμ˜ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 수백λͺ…이 λͺ¨μ—¬ μžˆλŠ”λ°
03:37
many unhappy with the decision.
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λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 결과에 λ§Œμ‘±μŠ€λŸ½μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:39
When Archias returns home, he tells Dexileia about the debate.
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μ•„λ₯΄ν‚€μ•„λŠ” 집에 μ™€μ„œ λ°μ‹€λ¦¬μ•„μ—κ²Œ 토둠에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:43
She thinks that killing the innocent as well as the guilty
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λ¬΄κ³ ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κΉŒμ§€ μ£½μ΄λŠ” 것은
03:46
is harsh and counterproductive,
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κ°€ν˜Ήν•˜κ³  μ—­νš¨κ³Όλ₯Ό λ‚³λŠ”λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜κ³ 
03:48
and tells him as much.
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κ·Έμ—κ²Œ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
Around dusk, Archias goes to a friend’s house for a symposium.
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ν•΄ 질 λ…˜μ— μ•„ν‚¬λ¦¬μ•„λŠ” 심포지엄을 μœ„ν•΄ 친ꡬ의 집에 κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:54
The nine men drink wine and discuss the meeting well into the night.
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아홉 λͺ…μ˜ λ‚¨μžλŠ” 와인을 λ§ˆμ‹œλ©° λ°€ λŠ¦λ„λ‘ νšŒμ˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:58
Archias shares his wife’s opinion urging mercy, and his friends eventually agree.
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μ•„λ₯΄ν‚€μ•„λŠ” μžλΉ„λ₯Ό μ΄‰κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” μ•„λ‚΄μ˜ μ˜κ²¬μ„ κ³΅μœ ν–ˆκ³ , μΉœκ΅¬λ“€λ„ κ²°κ΅­ λ™μ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:05
Before dawn, something unprecedented happens.
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동이 트기 전에, μ „λ‘€ μ—†λŠ” 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:08
Heralds circulate throughout Athens
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μ‚¬μžλ“€μ€ μ•„ν…Œλ„€μ˜ 전역을 λŒμ•„λ‹€λ‹ˆλ©°
04:10
announcing the council has called another meeting.
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μœ„μ›νšŒκ°€ 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 회의λ₯Ό μ†Œμ§‘ν–ˆλ‹€κ³  μ•Œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:14
The second debate is equally heated,
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두 번째 λ…ΌμŸλ„ λœ¨κ²μ§€λ§Œ,
04:16
but a new resolution, to execute only the leaders of the revolt,
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λ°˜λž€μ˜ λ¦¬λ”λ“€λ§Œ μ²˜ν˜•ν•˜μžλŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κ²°μ˜μ•ˆμ΄
04:19
narrowly passes.
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κ°„μ‹ νžˆ ν†΅κ³Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:22
Yet there’s a problem –
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:23
a ship with orders to carry out the first resolution
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첫 번째 κ²°μ˜μ•ˆμ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜λΌλŠ” λͺ…령을 받은 λ°°λŠ”
04:26
was dispatched the previous day.
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μ „λ‚  κΈ‰νŒŒλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:28
And so another ship quickly sets sail to countermand the order –
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°°λŠ” 재빨리 κ·Έ λͺ…령을 μ² νšŒν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μΆœν•­ν•˜μ—¬
04:33
a race of democracy against time.
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μ‹œκ°„κ³Ό 민주주의의 경쟁이 λ²Œμ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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