The tragic myth of the Sun God's son - Iseult Gillespie

2,138,844 views ・ 2022-01-18

TED-Ed


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Every morning, Helios harnessed his winged horses,
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unleashed his golden chariot, and set out across the sky.
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As the Sun God transformed the rosy dawn into the golden blooms of day,
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he thought of those far below.
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Years ago, he fell in love with a water nymph named Clymene.
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Together, they had seven daughters and one son named Phaethon.
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But Helios had a wandering eye.
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Clymene eventually left him, taking their children with her
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and marrying King Merops of Ethiopia.
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When Phaethon was little, Clymene told him tales of his divine father.
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As he grew into a young man,
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he took a special pride in knowing he was the Sun God’s child.
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However, one day, Epaphus, Phaethon’s peer who was himself the son of Zeus,
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sought to temper Phaethon’s arrogance,
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taunting that Helios wasn’t his father after all.
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With no absolute proof to the contrary, the possibility bore into Phaethon’s mind.
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He feared that his mother had lied.
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And who was he if not Helios’ son?
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When Phaethon confronted Clymene,
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she insisted that his father was the powerful Sun God.
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Nevertheless, Phaethon was seized by doubt.
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So, Clymene sent him off to ask Helios directly.
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Walking eastward, Phaethon entered the Sun God’s gleaming palace at last.
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Once his eyes adjusted to the brightness,
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he saw Helios’ radiant smile and open arms.
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When Phaethon expressed his skepticism that Helios was truly his father,
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the Sun God only beamed.
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To dispel all doubt, he would grant Phaethon anything he wanted.
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Basking in Helios’ glow,
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Phaethon felt there was but one way to prove their connection to the world—
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and himself.
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He needed to drive Helios’ chariot for a day.
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The Sun God’s smile dimmed.
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In his daily journey,
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he steered his fire-breathing horses through space at top speeds.
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The task required masterful control
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to ensure that the chariot raced along its precise celestial trajectory,
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with a thin margin separating stability from catastrophe.
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Even Zeus wasn’t confident in driving his chariot.
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Helios begged his son to reconsider,
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but Phaethon was steadfast, so the god prepared him for the journey.
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With a crack of the reins, he was off.
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In flight, Phaethon’s mortal insecurities fell away.
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But soon, the reins slackened in his hands.
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Unaccustomed to the feathery weight of a mortal,
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the radiant horses climbed higher and higher.
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The chariot whirled past constellations,
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narrowly missing the pincers of Scorpio and the arrow of Sagittarius.
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With the Sun so far away, the Earth darkened,
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and the seas began to crackle and freeze.
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Startled, Phaethon sharply pulled the reins.
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The horses lurched and the chariot plunged towards the Earth's surface.
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Lakes boiled and forests burned as Phaethon struggled to pull the chariot up,
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leaving deserts in his wake.
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Back on Mount Olympus, the Gods were panicking.
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Zeus saw that Phaethon was destined for a crash that would set the Earth ablaze.
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So, he hurled one of his mighty thunderbolts at the boy.
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The horses tore away,
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leaving Phaethon suspended in the heavens for just one moment,
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before he plummeted to the Earth, into the river Eridanus,
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never to resurface.
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Phaethon’s sisters gathered on the riverbank to weep,
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gradually metamorphosing into poplar trees that leaked precious amber into the water.
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Zeus repaired the Earth and created an everlasting memorial,
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strewing Phaethon’s likeness in the stars.
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Overcome by grief, Helios had hidden himself from the sky.
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But he soon returned, and every day from then on,
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as he raced through the heavens, he greeted his son.
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The constellation, known as “Auriga,” or “the charioteer,”
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stands as a reminder of a lost young man,
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and his bid to harness powers far greater than himself.
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