Everything around you can become a computer | Ivan Poupyrev

譯者: Val Zhang 審譯者: Congmei Han

Computers have become truly incredible.

電腦已然進化得令人讚嘆。

We are walking around with supercomputers in our pocket.

我們隨身的口袋裡都有部超級電腦。

How amazing is that?

這是多麼地不可思議！

So it is disappointing

但我們使用電腦的方式 和電腦互動的方式，

that the way we use computers, the way we interact with them,

在過去 50 年中沒有真正改變，

hasn't really changed in the last 50 years.

這實在令人失望。

We still use a mouse and keyboards. We're clicking on screens and buttons.

我們仍然使用滑鼠跟鍵盤、 我們觸碰著螢幕跟按鍵。

Mobile phones are the same.

手機也是一樣的。

We're just using fingers instead of a mouse.

我們只是用手指代替滑鼠。

So is that it?

就這樣了嗎？

Is that what the future looks like?

難道未來的世界就像這樣？

We're going to be stuck in the screens

就被卡在螢幕間，

with our faces not seeing the world around us?

對身邊的世界視而不見嗎？

That's not the future I imagine, or the future I'm attracted to.

這不是我想像的未來， 也不是吸引我的未來。

What I've been always interested in is things,

我一直感興趣的是物件。

physical things we use every day, like things on this table

我們每天使用的實體物件，

像是這張桌子上的物件， 在家裡毫不起眼很常見。

that the family doesn't pay attention to.

Things tell our story. They tell who we are.

物件會透露許多關於我們的事。

They tell a lot about us.

物件訴說、透露著關於我們的事。

Let me give you an example.

舉個例子，

These are photographs of things a person touched during 24 hours.

這些圖片展示了一個人 在 24 小時之內觸碰過的所有物件。

What can you tell about him?

你能知道關於物件主人的哪些事呢？

He loves his motorcycle. Right?

他愛他的摩托車，對嗎？

The biggest thing in his picture.

這是他的畫面裡最主要的東西。

What can you tell about this girl?

你能知道關於這位女生的哪些事呢？

She spends all her time on the beach.

她的時間都花在海灘上了。

There's a surfboard.

有個衝浪板。

She lives by the sea.

她住在海邊。

What can you tell about this guy?

你可以知道關於這個人的哪些事呢？

He's a chef.

他是位主廚。

Look at all the ingredients he touched during the day,

看看當他準備料理時，

while he was preparing the food,

一天內所有他碰過的食材，

and the computer is a tiny part of his life,

而電腦只是他生活中的一小部份，

this sad thing in the corner.

在角落的可憐小東西。

So if we are using things all the time,

我們隨時在使用實體物件，

and this is a big part of our lives,

而這佔了我們生活中很大的部分。

can things become the way for us to interact with our digital life?

日常物件是否可以成為我們 與數位生活互動的媒介呢？

Can the world become your interface?

我們是否可以把這個世界 轉換成你的介面？

That was my idea.

這就是我的想法。

I've been working for 20 years on it.

我已經為此努力了二十年。

My idea is that in order to interact in digital life,

我的想法是： 你不需要螢幕、鍵盤和滑鼠，

you don't need to have screens and keyboards and mouses.

來連結數位生活。

You can interact with your digital life

你可以用日常物件

just by using the things you use every day.

來連結你的數位生活。

And to realize this idea, I need to solve three big challenges.

為了實現這個想法， 我必須解決三個大挑戰。

Let me tell you about them.

讓我娓娓道來。

The first one, obviously: Is it even possible?

很顯然首先要問：這辦得到嗎？

How can you take an everyday thing you use every day

你如何把日常的物件

and turn it into a computer interface?

轉換成電腦介面呢？

Now I was inspired by the book "Hackers."

《黑客列傳：電腦革命俠客誌》 啟發了我。

I read it when I was a teenager,

我在青少年時讀到這本書，

and one of the essential ideas of this book

而這本書其中的一個觀念就是：

is that you can change the purpose of things

通過發明新的科技

by inventing new technology and then hacking into things

駭進這個物件、改造它們，

你就可以改變物件原本的目的。

and changing them.

So I've been thinking what kind of technology I can invent

我一直在想， 我可以創造什麼樣的科技，

so that I can hack into things you use every day

讓我可以駭進人們日常使用的物件，

and make them interactive.

並使它們具有互動性。

So when I was working on this thing, I invented this sensor

所以我開始在這個主題上鑽研， 我發明了這個感測器，

which injects structured electric fields into objects

它會投射結構化電場到物件上，

and turns them into gesture interfaces.

然後把它們轉化成觸控式的介面。

So this doorknob, unmodified, can become a gesture sensor.

這個未被改造的門把 可以變成手勢感測器。

It can know how you're touching it. It can feel how you're touching it.

它可以知道你如何觸碰它、 它會感受到你如何觸碰它，

It makes a circle, or can I grasp.

這樣是個圈，或者是握住它。

And this doorknob isn't modified.

這門把未經改造。

There's nothing special about doorknobs.

這個門把沒有特殊之處。

Anything can become interactive.

所有物件都可以具有互動性。

What about plants?

那植物呢？

So plants are interesting, because with plants,

植物很有趣，

因為植物知道你在碰它哪裡，

they can know where you're touching.

You can see the line moving up and down on the image.

你可以看到畫面中的 這條線上上下下的。

And that can turn into a musical interface.

這可以轉化為音樂介面。

(Musical tones)

（音樂音調）

Now, we do have also practical applications:

我們也有具有實用性的應用，像是：

a calendar plant for those who are obsessed about practicality.

植物日曆，給那些 執著於實用性的人。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

We can give things a personality.

我們可以賦予物件個性。

(Low notes changing in pitch)

（低沉音調的改變）

So in this particular example,

在這個特殊的案例，

the orchid can communicate to you

蘭花可以透過畫面與聲音跟你溝通。

through images and sounds.

It doesn't like to be touched, so it's created these electric images

它不喜歡被人碰觸， 所以它創造了這些電子圖像，

that are hissing at you.

對你發出哈氣聲。

This plant, for example,

這個植物則比較強韌，這是虎尾蘭，

is more robust, it's a snake plant,

and it likes playing with you. It engages you.

它喜歡和你一起玩， 它喜歡和你互動。

So every thing can be different,

每個物件都可以有不同的呈現，

and every thing can represent what it feels.

每個物件都可以表達它的感受。

So everything can be hacked, all the things, including your body.

每個物件都可以被駭， 所有東西，包括你的身體。

In this example, we hacked your body

在這個案例裡面， 我們駭進你的身體。

so you can measure how you're folding your hands

你可以測量你如何握著手

and then using your hand gestures to control something else,

然後利用你的手勢去控制其他東西，

so if you don't want to listen to some music thousands of times,

所以你不想再聽同一首歌的時候，

you simply can cover your ears to turn it off.

你只要摀起耳朵，就會關掉音樂。

So everything can be hacked, and research is important,

所有的物件都可以被駭， 而研發是很重要的。

but the second challenge we have

但我們所面臨的第二個挑戰是，

is how can we go from R and D, and prototypes, to real products?

我們如何從實驗的研發與原型， 跨越為市場化的產品。

How can we make real things that are also interfaces?

我們要如何能讓日常物件， 亦能化身為互動介面？

And you may ask yourself, who would do this?

你可能會自問：誰來做這件事呢？

Silicon Valley?

是矽谷嗎？

Is it through Shenzhen?

還是深圳？

Now the challenge there is that the world of things is huge.

真正的挑戰是：物質世界非常龐大。

Every year, the apparel industry produces 150 billion garments.

紡織業每年製造 1500 億件服裝。

In comparison, the technology industry only makes 1.4 billion phones.

對比科技業 只做了 14 億支手機。

The world of things is much bigger than the world of technology.

物質世界遠大於科技世界。

The technology world cannot change the world of things.

科技業無法輕易地改變製造業。

Instead, we need to create technology which changes makers of things,

相反地，我們必須發明科技， 好讓那些製造者，

people who make your chairs and clothes and everything else,

製作椅子、衣服及其他物件的人，

into makers of smart things,

有能力成為智慧物件的製造者。

enable them to do that.

So to test this challenge, we came up with a very simple idea and challenge:

我們為了嘗試這個命題， 有個很簡單的想法和測試：

Can a tailor make a wearable?

裁縫師可以製作出穿戴型裝置嗎？

Now we don't want to take a tailor

我們不想把裁縫師

and turn the tailor into an electrical engineer.

改造為電機工程師。

We still want to have some tailors around.

我們還是希望 保有裁縫師（的本質）。

But what we would like to do is create technology

我們想要的是去發明科技，

which looks, feels and behaves like a raw material used by the tailor

讓這些材料看起來、 摸起來、用起來，

都像裁縫師們製作衣物的素材。

to make their clothes.

For example, a touch panel made for a tailor would look like this,

舉例，為裁縫師設計的 觸控板，看起來就像這樣。

made out of textiles, so you can cut it with scissors and sew it in.

以織品製成，你可以 將其剪下、將它縫入。

At the same time, it has to retain the performance.

於此同時，保有原本的功能。

The way to make this textile touch panel

製作織品的觸控板

also requires a very different approach than for making consumer electronics.

和製作消費型電子產品， 需要使用不同的手法。

In our case, we have to go to the mountains of Tokyo

在我們的案例，我們 去到了東京的山裡。

to a small factory which was making kimono garments for generations.

一個世世代代製作 和服纖維的小工廠。

We worked with my collaborators,

我們的合作夥伴，

who were not engineers.

他們不是工程師。

It was an artisan who knows how to make things

而是熟知纖維製程的達人，

and an artist who knows how to make things beautiful.

和擅長創造美麗事物的藝術家。

Working with them, we created one of the best yarns in the world,

和他們共事，我們一同創造了 世界上最棒的纖維之一。

which consists of thin metallic alloys

其中包含了薄薄的金屬合金

wrapped around with polyester fibers and cotton fibers.

被纏繞在聚酯纖維和棉纖維之中。

These yarns were made in the same machines

這些導電纖維同樣是被那些

which were making yarns for kimonos for generations.

世世代代用於生產和服的 既有機器，所製作出來的。

We then took these yarns and gave them to the factory,

我們接著把這些線送到了

which is making textiles,

紡織品的工廠。

and we wove our smart textile using regular machines

我們用普通的機器 縫製這些智慧型紡織品。

in a variety of colors and materials,

創造出不同的顏色和質料，

and we gave those textiles to a tailor

然後我們將這些織品遞給

in Savile Row in London.

倫敦薩佛街（以傳統客製男士 服裝行業而聞名）的裁縫師。

So tailors are traditionalists, particularly in Savile Row.

裁縫師是傳統主義者， 尤其是薩佛街的裁縫師們。

They don't use computers.

他們不用電腦，

They don't use machines.

不用機器，

They use hands and they cut.

而是親手縫製與剪裁。

They fit their products on the human body,

他們在人體上確認產品的尺寸，

not on 3-D avatars.

不用 3-D 虛擬化身。

Technology is not a part of their vocabulary,

科技不在他們的詞彙裡，

but they are modern people.

但他們是現代人，

They know how to use technology.

他們知道如何使用科技。

So if technology can be formed and shaped

所以如果科技可以設計和製作出

like a button, like a textile, like something they can use,

像是鈕釦、紡織品， 這些他們擅長使用的物件，

they absolutely can make a wearable,

那他們絕對能夠製造出穿戴型裝置，

a garment which can place a phone call.

一個可以撥打電話的服飾。

(Phone rings)

（撥話聲響）

So now we've proven that you can actually make a wearable,

現在我們證明了：

透過裁縫師而非科技公司，

not by an electronic company, but by a tailor.

來製造穿戴型裝置的確可行。

We worked and collaborated with Levi's,

我們與我們的夥伴、 鄰居 Levi's 一同合作，

our partners and our neighbors,

to make a real product,

創造出貨真價實的商品，

and this product is this jacket I'm wearing right now.

這個商品正是我穿的這件夾克。

You can buy it. It's on sale.

你可以買到這件外套， 它已正式販售。

It was made in the same factories which make all their products,

它是由那些製造原本產品的 既有工廠做出來的。

and you have noticed

而你們可能注意到了

I've been controlling my presentation from the sleeve of the jacket.

我一直透過外套的袖子 來控制我的簡報。

I go like this, it goes forward. Like this, it goes backward.

像這樣，便往下一頁， 像這樣，就往前一頁。

And of course, I can do more things.

當然，我還可以透過它做更多事，

It's not just to control a presentation.

它不只可以控制簡報、

I can now control my navigation, control my music,

收聽導航通知、控制音樂播放，

but most importantly, it stays a jacket, it stays a thing,

但更重要的是它仍然是件夾克， 仍維持原本的功能，

which makes me look great.

扮靚我。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

(Applause)

（掌聲）

And that's the most important thing.

這才是最重要的事情。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

So OK, we proved we can turn things into interfaces.

好的，我們已經證明了： 我們可以把物件變成介面、

We proved that these things can be made by makers of things

證明了不僅是科技公司，

傳統的製造業 也可以做出智慧型裝置。

and not by technology companies.

I look awesome. Are we done?

我看起來好極了，就這樣了嗎？

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Not yet.

還沒！

The third challenge:

第三個挑戰：

How can we scale?

我們如何複製和規模化？

How can we go from one product to many products?

我們如何從單一商品 拓展到更多產品？

And that's what we're working on right now.

這正是我們在努力的。

Let me tell you how we're going to do this.

讓我告訴你們，我們將如何達到。

First of all, I want to make myself clear --

首先，我想要說清楚，

I am not talking about the Internet of Things.

我在談的不是物聯網。

I'm not talking about creating another gadget

我不是在談如何再創造另一個裝置，

you get bored with and throw in the back of your drawer

有一天你覺得無聊了， 然後把它丟進抽屜裡，

and forget about.

然後從此將它遺忘。

I am talking about the foundational, important principle which guides my work:

我講的是，我的工作指導方針中 最基本且重要的原則：

"Technology has to make existing things better."

「科技要讓既有的東西更好。」

It makes them better by connecting them to your digital life

讓東西更好的方式是：

將其連結到人們的數位生活，

並增添了新的實用性與功能性，

and adds new usefulness and new functionality

while remaining the same original purpose,

同時保有原本的目的，而非改造它。

not changing it.

This jacket I am wearing can control my mobile phone and presentation,

我穿的夾克， 可以控制我的手機和簡報，

but it still remains a jacket.

但它仍然是件夾克。

That means that once we start making all things interactive and connected,

這意味著一旦我們開始讓 所有物件具有互動性跟連網，

every thing would have its own set of actuators, displays and sensors

那每件物品都必須擁有專屬的

致動器、顯示器、感測器。

specific for those things.

A pair of running shoes does not need to have a touch sensor.

但一雙跑鞋並不需要觸控感測器，

Why would it have one?

跑鞋怎麼會需要？

If you have a sensor,

如果你有一個感測器，

it should measure your running performance

它該測量的是你跑步的狀態，

or knee impact,

或者是對膝蓋的衝擊，

while remaining a great pair of shoes.

同時仍然是一雙好的跑鞋。

Makers of things will have to start thinking

製造商必須開始思考

what kind of digital functionality they have to offer to their consumers.

可以為消費者提供 什麼樣的數位功能？

They will have to become service providers,

他們必須轉型為服務供應商，

or they may become irrelevant.

否則將被市場淘汰。

We will have to provide and create a service ecosystem

我們必須提供跟創造 一個服務的平台系統，

just like we've done for mobile phones,

就像為智慧手機建置的那樣，

where you have apps and services and everything else,

有不同的應用程式、服務 和其他多元發展應用，

and sometimes, you're still making a phone call.

而偶爾你還是需要打個電話。

Now to make this ecosystem possible, we have to avoid fragmentation.

為了讓這個系統變成可行， 我們得避免碎片化。

We have to avoid different interfaces for different people for different things.

我們得避免：不同的人透過 不同的介面，在使用不同的物件。

We have to create uniform user experience

我們必須創造一致的使用者體驗，

and, for that reason, we have to create a single computing platform

為此我們必須創造：

支援那些智慧物件的單一運算平台。

which powers all those things.

What is the platform going to be?

這個平台會是什麼樣子呢？

And I think the answer is obvious:

我想答案很明顯。

it's a cloud, cloud computing.

這會是個雲端平台。

Now you cannot connect things directly to the cloud, obviously.

當然你無法直接把東西連結到雲端。

So you have to develop a small device which can be plugged into all the things

所以必須設計一個小型裝置， 可以被塞進所有的東西裡，

and make them connected to the cloud

然後讓它們連結到雲端，

to unlock their potential and add new functionality.

釋放物件的潛能、增添新的功能。

So let me show, for the first time, the real device which we've built.

讓我首次展示我們打造的裝置，

We are showing this for the first time.

這是我們第一次公開展示。

That's what it looks like,

看起來就像這樣，

and it's a small device

這個小裝置

which will be connected to things we want to make smart

將被連結在欲轉化為智慧型、

連網、具互動性的物件裡。

and connected and interactive.

How is it going to work?

它是如何運作的呢？

So on the back, you have a few electrodes.

在晶片背面，有電極 / 接觸點。

So when you plug them into different things,

當你將其插到不同的物件上，

like here,

像這邊所示意的，

the device will recognize where you're plugging them

這個物件會辨別你在何處使用它們，

and then reconfigure itself to enable specific functionality

然後自我重新配置組態，

為不同目的啟動各自用途。

for this particular thing.

We would like to give this device to makers of things,

我們想對製造商提供這個裝置，

the people who make your clothing and furniture,

那些製作服飾跟家具的人，

so they can use it just like they use a button or a zipper.

就像運用鈕釦、拉鍊一般地運用它。

And what they're going to make with them is up to them.

要如何使用這個裝置將由他們決定。

We don't want to dictate the use cases.

我們不想要規定使用的方式。

We would like to let people who make those things --

我們想讓那些製造者——

artists and designers, brands and craftsmen --

像是藝術家、設計師、 品牌商跟工匠達人，

to imagine and create this new world

去想像並創造出嶄新的世界，

where things are connected

在那，萬物都是相連的，

and have all this new, exciting digital functionality.

且擁有創新且令人興奮的數位用途。

We don't need keyboards and screens and mouses to interact with your computer.

我們不再需要鍵盤、螢幕 跟滑鼠來與電腦互動。

So I've been working on this idea for 20 years,

我為這個想法努力了 20 年，

and now it's taking shape,

而今它逐漸成形，

and as it's taking shape, what we are realizing

在它逐漸成形之際，我們發現：

is that I always thought I was working on computer interfaces,

我以為我一直在鑽研的是電腦介面，

I always thought of myself as an interaction designer,

我一直把自己想成是互動設計師，

but I'm realizing that I'm not building interfaces.

但我現在發現我並不是在打造介面。

What I realized is that me and my team,

我發現我和我的團隊，

we're building a new kind of computer,

我們在打造的是一種 新型態的電腦——

an ambient computer.

一種情境式的電腦。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）