A smog vacuum cleaner and other magical city designs | Daan Roosegaarde

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Marssi Draw

Do you remember these glow-in-the-dark little stars

你們還記不記得那種 在黑暗中會發光的小星星，

which you had on the ceiling when you were a boy or a girl?

你們小時候可能有把它們 貼在天花板上過？

Yes?

有嗎？

It is light.

它是光。

It is pure light.

它是純粹的光。

I think I stared at them way too long

我想我在五歲的時候，

when I was a five-year-old, you know?

盯著它們的時間太長了。

It's so beautiful:

那好漂亮：

no energy bill, no maintenance.

沒有電費帳單，不用維修。

It is there.

它就在那兒。

So two years ago, we went back to the lab,

所以，兩年前，我們回到實驗室，

making it more durable, more light-emitting,

與專家合作，把它變得更耐久、

with the experts.

更能發光。

And at the same time, we got a request from this guy --

同時，有個傢伙 向我們提出一個要求──

Van Gogh, the famous Van Gogh Foundation --

這傢伙是梵谷， 知名的梵谷基金會──

who wanted to celebrate his 125th anniversary in the Netherlands.

他們想要慶祝 他在荷蘭的 125 週年。

And they came to me and asked,

他們來找我，並問說：

"Can you make a place where he feels more alive again

「你能不能做出一個地方， 能讓他感覺好像又在荷蘭

in the Netherlands?"

活過來了？」

And I liked that question a lot,

我很喜歡那個問題，

so in way,

所以，我們

we sort of started to connect these two different worlds.

可說是開始連結這兩個不同的世界。

This is how my brain works,

這是我的大腦運作的方式，

by the way.

只是順道一提。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

I would love to keep on doing this for an hour,

我真想繼續這樣做幾個小時，

but OK --

但，好啦……

（笑聲）

(Laughter)

這是我們的成果：

And this is the result that we made:

一條腳踏車道，白天用日光充電，

a bicycle path which charges at daytime via the sun

and glows at night, up to eight hours.

在晚上發光，可以持續八小時。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Thank you.

謝謝。

... hinting towards a future which should be energy friendly

……這暗示著一個能源友善的未來，

and linking up the local grounds

並連結起當地的各地方，

as Van Gogh literally walked and lived there in 1883.

就像梵谷 1883 年 在那兒居住、行走一樣。

And you can go there every night for free, no ticket needed.

你每晚都可以去那兒， 是免費的，不用買票。

People experience the beauty of cycling through the starry night,

人們能體驗在星空下 騎腳踏車的美麗，

thinking about green energy and safety.

想著綠色能源及安全。

I want to create places where people feel connected again.

我想要創造的地方， 是人們能再次感到連結的地方。

And it was somehow great to make these projects happen

能與產業、與基礎建設公司合作，

with the industry, with the infrastructure companies.

讓這些專案得以實現，是蠻棒的。

So when these sheikhs of Qatar started to call:

所以卡達酋長們開始打電話來：

"How much for 10 kilometers?"

「十公里要多少錢？」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Yeah, really, that's a weird call you're going to get.

是真的，你就是會 接到這種詭異的電話。

But it's fascinating

但那還是很棒，

that this is not just a sort of one-off, nice-to-have special.

因為它並不是種有就很好的 一次性特別節目。

I think this kind of creative thinking, these kinds of connections --

我認為，這種創意思考， 這種連結……

it's the new economy.

是新型的經濟。

The World Economic Forum, the think tank in Geneva,

世界經濟論壇，日內瓦的智囊團，

did an interview with a lot of smart people

訪談了全世界許多

all around the world,

聰明的人，

asking, "What are the top 10 skills you and I need to become successful?"

問他們：「你我要成功， 最重要的十項技能是什麼？」

And what is interesting, what you see here:

有趣的是你們在張投影片看到的：

it's not about money

重點不在錢，

or being really good in C++,

亦不在精通 C++，

although these are great skills to have, I have to admit.

不過我也得承認， 能有這些技能是很棒的。

But look at number three, creativity;

但看看第三名，創意；

number two, critical thinking;

第二名：批判性思考；

number one, complex problem-solving --

第一名：解決複雜問題──

all the things a robot or a computer is really bad at.

這些都是機器人或電腦很不擅長的。

And this makes me very optimistic, very hopeful for the new world,

這讓我對於新世界感到 很樂觀、很有希望，

that as we will live in this hyper-technological world,

當我們將來居住在 這個超科技的世界中，

our human skills --

我們的人類技能──

our desire for empathy,

我們對同理心的渴望、

our desire for curiosity,

我們對好奇心的渴望、

our desire for beauty --

我們對美的渴望──

will be more appreciated again,

將會再次被賞識，

and we will live in a world where creativity is our true capital.

在我們將來居住的世界中， 我們真正的資本是創意。

And a creative process like that --

像那樣的創意過程──

I don't know how it works for you,

我不知道對你們而言是如何，

but in my brain, it always starts with a question:

但在我的大腦中， 這個過程的開端總是一個問題：

Why?

為什麼？

Why does a jellyfish emit light?

為什麼水母會發光？

Or a firefly?

或螢火蟲？

Or why do be accept pollution?

我們為什麼要接受污染？

This is from my room in Beijing three years ago.

這是三年前從我北京的房間 看出去的景象。

Left image is a good day -- Saturday.

左圖是好日子的景象──星期六。

I can see the cars and the people, the birds;

我能看見汽車、人、鳥；

life is OK in a dense urban city.

在密集的都會城市，生活還不錯。

And on the right image --

至於右圖──

holy moly.

老天爺。

Pollution -- complete layers.

污染──累積成層。

I couldn't even see the other side of the city.

我甚至看不見城市的另一邊。

And this image made me really sad.

這影像讓我感到很悲傷。

This is not the bright future we envision here at TED --

這並非我們在 TED 所展望的美好未來──

this is the horror.

這簡直太恐怖了。

We live five to six years shorter;

我們的壽命會短少五到六年；

children have lung cancer when they're six years old.

孩童在六歲時就會有肺癌。

And so in a weird, beautiful way,

所以，那時，北京霧霾

I, at that moment, became inspired by Beijing smog.

用一種很詭異也很美麗的 方式啟發了我。

And the governments all around the world are fighting their war on smog,

世界各地政府都在與霧霾作戰，

but I wanted to make something within the now.

但我現在就想做點什麼。

So we decided to build the largest smog vacuum cleaner

所以我們決定要打造世界上最大的

in the world.

霧霾真空吸塵器。

It sucks up polluted air, cleans it

它能吸入污染的空氣，淨化它，

and then releases it.

再把它釋放出來。

And we built the first one.

我們做好了第一臺。

So it sucks up 30,000 cubic meters per hour,

它每小時能吸入 30,000 立方公尺的量，

cleans it on the nano level -- the PM2.5, PM10 particles --

做奈米層級的淨化 ──PM2.5、PM10 懸浮粒子──

using very little electricity,

且用電量非常低，

and then releases the clean air,

接著釋出乾淨空氣，

so we have parks, playgrounds, which are 55 to 75 percent more clean

所以我們的公園、遊樂場都比 城市內其他地方更乾淨，

than the rest of the city.

達 55% 到 75%。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Yes!

是的！

(Applause)

（掌聲）

And every month or so,

大約每個月，

it opens like a spaceship --

它會像太空船一樣打開──

like a Marilyn Monroe with the -- well, you know what.

就像瑪莉蓮夢露的那個── 嗯，你知道的。

Anyway.

那不重要。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

So this ...

所以……

this is the stuff we are capturing.

這是我們捕捉到的東西。

This is Beijing smog.

這就是北京霧霾。

This is in our lungs right now.

它現在就在我們的肺中。

If you live next to a highway, it's the same as 17 cigarettes per day.

如果你住在幹道旁邊， 就等同一天抽 17 根煙。

Are we insane?

我們瘋了嗎？

When did we say yes to that?

我們何時同意這樣了？

And we had buckets of this disgusting material

我們在工作室裡有一大堆這種

in our studio,

噁心物質，

and on a Monday morning, we were discussing, we were like,

某一個星期一早晨，我們在討論：

"Shit, what should we do with it? Should we throw it away?"

「該死，我們要拿它怎麼辦？ 我們該把它丟掉嗎？」

Like, "Help!"

「救命啊！」

And then we realized: no, no, no, no, no --

接著我們了解到：不，不，不……

waste should not exist.

廢物不該存在。

Waste for the one should be food for the other.

一個人的廢物應該 成為另一個人的食物。

So, here, maybe show it around.

所以，請傳給大家看。

Do not put this in your coffee.

別把它加到你的咖啡中。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And we realized that 42 percent is made out of carbon,

我們了解到，42% 的成分是碳。

and carbon, of course, under high pressure,

當然，把碳放到高壓之下，

you get ...

你就會得到……

diamonds.

鑽石。

So, inspired by that, we compress it for 30 minutes --

出於這個靈感，我們把它 壓縮了 30 分鐘……

(Cracking sound)

（擠壓聲）

and make smog-free rings.

做出了無霧霾戒指。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And so by sharing -- yeah, really!

所以透過分享……是的，是真的！

And so by sharing a ring,

透過分享一個戒指，

you donate 1,000 cubic meters of clean air

你就能捐贈 1,000 立方公尺的乾淨空氣

to the city the tower is in.

給這座塔所在的城市。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

I have one here --

我這裡有一個…

(Applause)

（掌聲）

A little floating cube.

一個小小的飄浮立方體。

I will give one to you.

我會給你們一個。

I'm not going to propose, don't worry.

我沒有要求婚，別擔心。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Are we good?

好了嗎？好。

You can show it around.

你們可以傳閱。

And we put this online -- Kickstarter campaign, crowdfunding.

我們把它放上網── 初始活動，群眾募資。

And people started to preorder it,

人們開始預購它，

but more importantly, they started to prepay it.

更重要的是，他們也開始預付。

So the finance we made with the jewelry helped us to realize,

我們用這珠寶所得到的資金，讓我們

to build the first tower.

能夠讓第一座塔成真。

And that's powerful.

那是很強大的。

So the waste the activator, it was the enabler.

所以廢物是催化劑、是致能器。

Also, the feedback from the community --

此外，來自社區的回饋意見──

this is a wedding couple from India,

這是印度的一對夫妻，

where he proposed to her with the smog-free ring

他用無霧霾戒指向她求婚，

as a sign of true beauty,

象徵真正的美麗，

as a sign of hope.

象徵希望。

And she said yes.

她接受了。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

I love this image so much for a lot of different reasons.

我很愛這張照片，原因很多。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And right now, the project is touring through China,

現在，這個專案正在中國巡迴，

actually with the support of China's central government.

且有中國中央政府的支持。

第一個目標是要建立一個 地區性的清淨空氣公園，

So the first goal is to create local clean-air parks,

and that works already quite well --

那已經運作得很好了──

55, 75 percent more clean.

清淨度提高 55、75%。

And at the same time,

同時，

we team up with the NGOs,

我們與非政府組織、

with the governors,

地方行政長官、

with the students,

學生、

with the tech people,

科技人員合作，

to say, "Hey, what do we need to do to make a whole city smog-free?"

說：「嘿，我們得要做什麼 才能讓整個城市霧霾減少？」

It's about the dream of clean air.

這是個清淨空氣的夢想。

We do workshops. New ideas pop up.

我們會辦研討會，產生新點子。

These are smog-free bicycles which -- I'm Dutch, yes? --

這些是無霧霾腳踏車 ──我是荷蘭人，對吧？──

I have this "bicycle DNA" inside of me somewhere.

我體內某處有著「腳踏車 DNA 。」

And so it sucks up polluted air,

它會吸入污染的空氣，

it cleans it and releases it,

淨化它之後再釋放它，

in the fight against the car,

和汽車對抗，

in the celebration of the bicycle.

讚頌腳踏車。

And so right now, we're working on a sort of "package deal," so to speak,

我們現在正在努力的 可說是「整批交易」，

where we say, "Smog-free towers, smog-free rings."

在這種交易中我們會說： 「無霧霾塔，無霧霾戒指。」

We go to the mayors or the governors of this world,

我們會去找世界各地的 市長或地方行政長官，

and say, "We can guarantee a short-term reduction of pollution

說：「我們能保證短期污染減少

between 20 and 40 percent.

20% 到 40%，

Please sign here right now."

現在請在這裡簽名。」

Yes?

如何？

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

So it's all about connecting new technology with creative thinking.

重點是在把新技術和創意思考結合。

And if you start thinking about that,

如果你開始想這些，

there is so much you can imagine,

你的想像空間會非常大，

so much more you can do.

你能做的非常多。

We worked on dance floors which produce electricity

我們製作了舞池，當你在上面跳舞，

when you dance on them.

地板能產生電力。

We did the design for that -- 2008.

那是我們在 2008 年設計的。

So it moves eight or nine millimeters,

所以它會移動 8 到 9 公釐，

produces 25 watts.

產生 25 瓦的電。

The electricity that we generate is used for the lighting or the DJ booth.

產生的電力用在燈光或是 DJ 檯。

So some of the sustainability is about doing more,

有些永續性的重點在於多做一點，

not about doing less.

而非少做一點。

But also on a larger scale,

但更廣來看，

the Netherlands, where I'm from, we live below sea level.

在荷蘭，我的故鄉， 我們是住在海平面下的。

So because of these beauties --

因為這些美──

the Afsluitdijk: 32 kilometers, built by hand in 1932 --

阿夫魯戴克大堤：32 公里， 1932 年徒手建立──

we live with the water,

我們與水同住，

we fight with the water,

我們與水相爭，

we try to find harmony,

我們試著找到和諧，

but sometimes we forget.

但有時，我們會忘記。

And therefore, we made "Waterlicht,"

因此，我們做了「水之光」，

a combination of LEDs and lenses,

它結合了 LED 燈和透鏡，

which show how high the water level would be --

能顯示出水平面的高度──

global change --

全球變遷──

if we stop.

如果我們停止的話。

If, today, we all go home and we say,

如果今天我們都打道回府，說：

"Oh, whatever, somebody else will do it for us,"

「隨便啦，有別人會替我們做。」

or we'll wait for government or whomever.

或是我們會等待政府或其他人。

You know, we're not going to do that.

我們不會那樣做。

那樣會出錯。

It goes wrong.

我們把這個放到 世界各地的公共空間。

And we placed this in public spaces all around the world.

Thousands of people showed up.

數以千計的人出現了。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Thank you.

謝謝。

You're too nice, you're too nice. That's not good for a designer.

你們太好了，你們太好了。 那對設計師來說不是好事。

So thousands of people showed up,

所以，數以千計的人出現了，

and some, actually, were scared.

當中其實有些人會感到害怕。

And they left; they experienced the floods in 1953.

他們離開了；他們 經歷過 1953 年的洪水。

And others were mesmerized.

其他人則是著迷了。

Can we make floating cities?

我們能打造漂浮城市嗎？

Can we generate electricity from the change in tides?

我們能從潮汐改變來發電嗎？

So I think it's so important to make experiences --

所以我認為非常重要的 是要製造經驗──

collective experiences --

集體經驗──

where people feel connected with a vision, with a future

讓人們因為一個遠景、 一個未來而連結在一起，

and trigger what is possible.

促使可能性成真。

At the same time,

同時，

you know, these kinds of things -- they're not easy, yes?

你們知道的，這類事情 並不容易，對吧？

It's a struggle.

可說是場奮戰。

And what I experienced in my life

根據我人生的經驗，

is that a lot of people say they want innovation,

許多人會說他們想要創新，

and they want the next and the new, the future.

他們要接下來的東西、 要新東西、要未來。

But the moment you present a new idea,

但當你提出新點子時，

there's this weird tendency to reply to every new idea

對每個新點子的回覆， 都有種很怪異的傾向，

starting with two words.

開頭都是兩個字， （譯註：指英文原文是兩個字）

Which are?

是什麼？

(Audience guesses)

（觀眾猜測）

No, not "How much?" It's more annoying.

不，不是「多少錢？」它更惱人。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

What is it, guys?

是什麼，各位？

Or you're really blessed people? That's really good.

或是你們都是很有福的人？那很好。

"Yes, but." Very good.

「好，但是，」非常好。 （譯註：在英文中是兩個字）

"Yes, but: it's too expensive, it's too cheap, it's too fast, it's too slow,

「好，但是：它太昂貴了、 它太便宜了、它太快了、它太慢了、

it's too beautiful, it's too ugly, it cannot be done, it already exists."

它太美了、它太醜了、 它不可能成真、它已經存在了。」

I heard everything about the same project

在一週之內，對於同一個專案，

in the same week.

各種回覆我都聽過了。

And I got really, really annoyed.

我感到非常非常的惱火。

I got a bit of gray hair, started to dress in black like a true architect.

我長了一點白頭髮，開始穿黑色，

就像真正的建築師一樣。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And one morning I woke up and I said, "Daan, stop.

一天早上，我起床，說： 「該死，停下來。

This is dragging you down.

這在拖累你。

You have to do something with this.

你得做點什麼。

You have to use it as an ingredient, as a component."

你得用它來當作成分、元件。」

And so we decided to build,

所以我們決定要打造、

to realize the famous "Yes, but" chair.

實現那有名的「好，但是」椅子。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And this is an existing chair by Friso Kramer, a Dutch design.

這張椅子是既有的，荷蘭設計師 佛里索．克拉瑪的作品。

But we gave it a little "update,"

但我們把它做了一點「更新」，

a little "hack," so to speak.

可以說我們當了一下「駭客」。

We placed a little voice-recognition element right here.

我們放了一個聲音辨視元件上去。

So the moment you sit on that chair,

當你坐上這張椅子，

and you say those two horrible,

當你說出那很糟糕、

creative-destructive, annoying little words --

會摧毀點子、十分惱人的兩個字──

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

you get a short --

你會受到一次短暫──

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

but pretty intense

但還蠻強的

little shock on the back side of your bottom.

小電擊，電你的屁股後側。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

(Applause)

（掌聲）

And --

且──

(Applause)

（掌聲）

and that works; yeah, that works.

那有用；是的，那有用。

Some clients have left us, they got really mad.

所以有些客戶離開了我們， 他們十分火大。

Fortunately, the good ones have stayed.

幸運的是，好客戶留下來了。

And, of course, we also apply it to ourselves.

當然，我們也用在自己身上。

But ladies and gentlemen, let's not be afraid.

但，各位先生女士， 讓我們不要害怕。

Let's be curious, yes?

讓我們感到好奇，好嗎？

And, you know, walking through TED in these days

這些日子參與 TED 活動，

and hearing the other speakers

聽其他講者的演說，

and feeling the energy of the crowd,

感受觀眾的能量，

I was remembering this quote of the Canadian author, Marshall McLuhan,

我想起了加拿大作家馬素．麥克魯漢

who once famously said,

說過一句名言：

"On spacecraft earth,

「喔，地球太空船，

there are no passengers.

船上沒有乘客。

We are all crew."

我們都是機員。」

And I think this so beautiful.

我覺得它非常美。

This is so beautiful!

它非常美！

We're not just consumers; we're makers:

我們不只是消費者；我們是製造者：

we make decisions,

我們製造決策、

we make new inventions,

我們製造創新、

we make new dreams.

我們製造新夢想。

And I think

我認為，

if we start implementing that kind of thinking even more

如果我們今天就開始把那思維

within today,

再發揚光大，

there's still a whole new world to be explored.

我們就有一整個新世界可以去探索。

All right, thank you.

好，謝謝大家。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）