How I accidentally changed the way movies get made | Franklin Leonard

200,142 views ・ 2018-11-28

TED


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譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Yanyan Hong
00:12
This weekend,
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這個週末,
00:14
tens of millions of people in the United States
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數千萬名美國人
以及另外數千萬名世界各地的人,
00:17
and tens of millions more around the world,
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00:19
in Columbus, Georgia, in Cardiff, Wales,
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包括在喬治亞的哥倫布市、 威爾斯的加地夫、
00:22
in Chongqing, China, in Chennai, India
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中國的重慶、 印度的清奈等地的人,
00:25
will leave their homes,
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都會離開他們的家,
00:27
they'll get in their cars or they'll take public transportation
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坐上他們的車, 或是搭乘大眾交通工具,
00:30
or they will carry themselves by foot,
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或是用步行,
00:33
and they'll step into a room
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他們會進入一間房間,
00:34
and sit down next to someone they don't know
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坐在他們不認識的人身旁,
00:37
or maybe someone they do,
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或者是認識的人,
00:39
and the lights will go down and they'll watch a movie.
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燈光會暗下來, 他們會觀賞一部電影。
00:44
They'll watch movies about aliens or robots,
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他們會看關於外星人 或機器人的電影,
00:47
or robot aliens or regular people.
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或機器外星人,或一般人的電影。
00:50
But they will all be movies about what it means to be human.
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但這些電影都會是關於 身為人類之真締的電影。
00:55
Millions will feel awe or fear,
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數百萬人會感到敬畏或恐懼,
00:58
millions will laugh and millions will cry.
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數百萬人會笑,數百萬人會哭。
01:02
And then the lights will come back on,
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接著,燈光又會亮起,
01:04
and they'll reemerge into the world they knew several hours prior.
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他們會重新融入他們 幾小時前所知道的世界,
01:08
And millions of people will look at the world
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數百萬人看這個世界的方式,
01:10
a little bit differently than they did when they went in.
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會和他們看電影之前 有一點點不同。
01:14
Like going to temple or a mosque or a church,
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就像是去寺廟、清真寺,或教堂,
01:18
or any other religious institution,
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或任何其他宗教機構,
01:20
movie-going is, in many ways, a sacred ritual.
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在許多面向上, 看電影是一種神聖的儀式。
01:23
Repeated week after week after week.
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每週每週不斷重覆,
01:28
I'll be there this weekend,
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我這個週末就會去看電影,
01:30
just like I was on most weekends between the years of 1996 and 1990,
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我從 1990 年到 1996 年間, 幾乎每個週末都去看電影,
01:34
at the multiplex, near the shopping mall
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去購物中心附近的影城,
01:36
about five miles from my childhood home in Columbus, Georgia.
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位在喬治亞的哥倫布, 離我兒時的家五英哩。
01:40
The funny thing is that somewhere between then and now,
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有趣的是,在那時 和現在之間的某個時點,
01:43
I accidentally changed part of the conversation
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我不小心改變了對話的一部分,
01:46
about which of those movies get made.
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關於電影要如何被製作出來的對話。
01:49
So, the story actually begins in 2005, in an office high above Sunset Boulevard,
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所以,故事其實是始於 2005 年,
在日落大道上的高樓辦公室裡,
01:53
where I was a junior executive
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當時我擔任李奧納多狄卡皮歐的 Appian Way 製片公司的初階主管。
01:54
at Leonardo DiCaprio's production company Appian Way.
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01:57
And for those of you who aren't familiar with how the film industry works,
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如果你們不熟悉電影業的運作方式,
02:01
it basically means that I was one of a few people behind the person
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基本上,這就表示,
我和少數幾個人在一個人背後工作,
02:04
who produces the movie for the people behind and in front of the camera,
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這個人會為攝影機前 及攝影機後的人製作電影,
02:08
whose names you will better recognize than mine.
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且他的名字比我響亮許多。
02:10
Essentially, you're an assistant movie producer who does the unglamorous work
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基本上是個電影製片助理, 要做乏味的工作,
02:14
that goes into the creative aspect of producing a movie.
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和電影製作的創意面向有關。
02:17
You make lists of writers and directors and actors
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你要為你想要拍的電影, 列出一張清單,
02:20
who might be right for movies that you want to will into existence;
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上面是可能適合的 編劇、導演、演員;
02:23
you meet with many of them and their representatives,
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你要去見清單上的 許多人及他們的代表,
02:25
hoping to curry favor for some future date.
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希望能為了未來的約而討好他們。
02:28
And you read, a lot.
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你也要讀很多東西。
02:31
You read novels that might become movies,
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你要讀可能會拍成電影的小說,
02:33
you read comic books that might become movies,
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你要讀可能會拍成電影的漫畫,
02:35
you read articles that might become movies,
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你要讀可能會拍成電影的文章,
02:37
you read scripts that might become movies.
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你要讀可能會拍成電影的劇本。
02:39
And you read scripts from writers that might write the adaptations
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你也要讀編劇的劇本, 如果他們可能會負責
02:42
of the novels, of the comic books, of the articles,
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將小說、漫畫、文章改編成電影,
02:45
and might rewrite the scripts that you're already working on.
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且可能會重寫你正在用的劇本。
02:48
All this in the hope of finding the next big thing
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做這些,就是希望 能找到下一部大作,
02:50
or the next big writer who can deliver something
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或是下一個大編劇, 他寫出點什麼來,
02:52
that can make you and your company the next big thing.
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讓你和你的公司 變成下一個大人物。
02:56
So in 2005, I was a development executive at Leonardo's production company.
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2005 年,我在李奧納多的 製片公司中擔任開發監製。
03:01
I got a phone call from the representative of a screenwriter
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我接到一個編劇的代表打來的電話,
03:05
that began pretty much the way all of those conversations did:
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開場白和大部分 這類對話沒什麼兩樣:
03:09
"I've got Leo's next movie."
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「我有李奧的下一部電影。」
03:11
Now in this movie, that his client had written,
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在他的客戶所寫的這部電影中,
03:14
Leo would play an oil industry lobbyist
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李奧要飾演一名石油業的說客,
03:17
whose girlfriend, a local meteorologist, threatens to leave him
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他的女友是一位當地的氣象學者,
威脅要離開他,
03:20
because his work contributes to global warming.
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因為他的工作會造成全球暖化。
03:22
And this is a situation that's been brought to a head
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這事態接著發展到了頂點,
03:25
by the fact that there's a hurricane forming in the Atlantic
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因為在大西洋有一個颶風形成,
預計會對緬因到默特爾比奇之間 造成瑪莉亞等級的破壞。
03:28
that's threatening to do Maria-like damage from Maine to Myrtle Beach.
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李奧對於即將發生的 分手感到很沮喪,
03:31
Leo, very sad about this impending break up,
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03:33
does a little more research about the hurricane
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他在對這個颶風做了點研究後發現,
03:35
and discovers that in its path across the Atlantic,
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它在大西洋的路徑上,
03:38
it will pass over a long-dormant, though now active volcano
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會經過一座長期休眠 但現在卻是活躍的火山,
03:41
that will spew toxic ash into its eye
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它會把有毒灰燼噴入颶風眼,
03:43
that will presumably be whipped into some sort of chemical weapon
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颶風很可能會瞬間變成 一種能夠摧毀世界的化學武器,
03:46
that will destroy the world.
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(笑聲)
03:48
(Laughter)
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03:49
It was at that point that I asked him,
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就在這個時點,我問他:
03:53
"So are you basically pitching me 'Leo versus the toxic superstorm
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「所以,基本上,你對我推銷的是
『李奧 vs. 會毀滅人類的 有毒超級暴風』?」
03:56
that will destroy humanity?'"
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03:58
And he responded by saying,
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他的回應是:
04:00
"Well, when you say it like that, it sounds ridiculous."
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「你這種說法讓它聽起來很可笑。」
04:03
And I'm embarrassed to admit that I had the guy send me the script,
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我很不好意思承認, 我要那傢伙把劇本寄給我,
我讀了三十頁,然後就很確定 它跟我預期的一樣爛。
04:07
and I read 30 pages before I was sure that it was as bad as I thought it was.
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04:10
Now, "Superstorm" is certainly an extreme example,
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《超級暴風》的確是個很極端的例子,
04:13
but it's also not an unusual one.
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但並不是個不尋常的例子。
04:16
And unfortunately, most scripts aren't as easy to dismiss as that one.
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不幸的是,大部分的劇本 並沒有像它那麼容易確定不要。
04:19
For example, a comedy about a high school senior,
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比如,有一部喜劇, 講的是一位高三生
04:23
who, when faced with an unplanned pregnancy,
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面臨不在計畫中的懷孕,
04:25
makes an unusual decision regarding her unborn child.
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於是針對她未出世的孩子, 做了一個不尋常的決定。
04:28
That's obviously "Juno."
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很顯然,那是《鴻孕當頭》。
04:30
Two hundred and thirty million at the worldwide box office,
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全世界的票房是兩億三千萬美金,
04:32
four Oscar nominations, one win.
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獲得四項奧斯卡金項獎提名, 一項得獎。
04:35
How about a Mumbai teen who grew up in the slums
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或是孟買的青少年, 在貧民窟長大,
04:37
wants to become a contestant on the Indian version
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想要成為參賽者,這部印度版的
04:40
of "Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?"?
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《百萬智多星》呢?
04:42
That's an easy one -- "Slumdog Millionaire."
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這題很簡單—— 《貧民百萬富翁》。
04:44
Three hundred seventy-seven million worldwide,
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全世界票房三億七千七百萬美金,
04:46
10 Oscar nominations and eight wins.
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十項奧斯卡金項獎提名,八項得獎。
04:49
A chimpanzee tells his story
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一隻黑猩猩訴說牠和知名流行歌手
04:51
of living with the legendary pop star Michael Jackson.
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麥可傑克森生活的故事?
04:54
Anyone?
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有人知道嗎?
04:55
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
04:56
It's a trick question.
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這個問題很刁鑽。
04:57
But it is a script called "Bubbles,"
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但這部劇本叫做《Bubbles》,
04:59
that is going to be directed by Taika Waititi,
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會由塔伊加維迪提執導,
05:02
the director of "Thor: Ragnarok."
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他是《雷神索爾 3: 諸神的黃昏》的導演。
05:04
So, a large part of your job as a development executive
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所以,身為開發監製, 你的工作有很大一部分
05:07
is to separate the "Superstorms" from the "Slumdog Millionaires,"
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是要分辨《超級暴風》 和《貧民百萬富翁》,
05:10
and slightly more generally, the writers who write "Superstorm"
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稍微更普遍的是要分辨 寫《超級暴風》的編劇
05:13
from the writers who can write "Slumdog Millionaire."
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和寫得出《貧民百萬富翁》的編劇。
05:16
And the easiest way to do this, obviously, is to read all of the scripts,
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很顯然,要做到這一點, 最簡單的方式就是讀所有的劇本,
05:20
but that's, frankly, impossible.
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但,坦白說,那是不可能的。
05:22
A good rule of thumb is that the Writers Guild of America
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有一條很好的經驗法則, 就是美國編劇工會
05:25
registers about 50,000 new pieces of material every year,
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每年會登記大約五萬件新素材,
05:28
and most of them are screenplays.
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大部分都是劇本。
05:30
Of those, a reasonable estimate is about 5,000 of them
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當然,合理的估計是, 這些劇本當中有五千件
05:33
make it through various filters, agencies, management companies,
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能夠通過各種過濾器、 經紀公司、管理公司、
05:36
screenplay compositions and the like,
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劇本寫作等等,
05:38
and are read by someone at the production company
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且有被製片公司或大型電影 製片廠等級公司中的某個人讀過,
05:40
or major studio level.
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05:42
And they're trying to decide whether they can become
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且他們試著要判斷 這些劇本是否能成為
05:45
one of the 300-and-dropping movies that are released by the major studios
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每年大型製片廠或其副牌 所推出的三百部電影之一。
05:48
or their sub-brands each year.
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05:50
I've described it before
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我之前這樣描述它:有一點像
05:51
as being a little bit like walking into a members-only bookstore
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走進一家會員專屬的書店,
05:55
where the entire inventory is just organized haphazardly,
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裡面所的有藏書都亂擺一通,
05:58
and every book has the same, nondescript cover.
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每本書的封面都一樣,難以歸類。
06:00
Your job is to enter that bookstore
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你的工作是要進入那間書店,
06:03
and not come back until you've found the best and most profitable books there.
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在裡面找到最好、 最能獲利的書之後才回來。
06:07
It's anarchic and gleefully opaque.
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這真是讓人不知道要如何著手。
06:10
And everyone has their method to address these problems.
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每個人都有他們自己 處理這類問題的方法。
06:13
You know, most rely on the major agencies
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你們知道的,大部分會 仰賴大型經紀公司,
06:15
and they just assume that if there's great talent in the world,
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這些公司就只是假設 如果世界上有才子,
06:18
they've already found their way to the agencies,
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他們就會自己找上門來,
不管實際上光是一開始 要找上門的過程
06:21
regardless of the structural barriers that actually exist
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06:23
to get into the agencies in the first place.
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就會遇到結構性的障礙。
06:26
Others also constantly compare notes among themselves
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其他人則是彼此之間 會比較他們的筆記,
06:28
about what they've read and what's good,
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看看對方讀了哪些,哪些比較優,
06:30
and they just hope that their cohort group is the best, most wired
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他們只能希望自己這群伙伴 是最好的、最孜孜不倦的,
06:33
and has the best taste in town.
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且有鎮上最好的品味。
06:36
And others try to read everything, but that's, again, impossible.
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還有些人是什麼都讀,但, 再說一次,這是不可能的。
06:39
If you're reading 500 screenplays in a year,
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如果你一年能讀五百本劇本,
06:41
you are reading a lot.
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就算是讀很多的了。
06:43
And it's still only a small percentage of what's out there.
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那仍然只佔市面上 劇本的一小部分而已。
06:46
Fundamentally, it's triage.
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基本上,那是分類。
06:49
And when you're in triage, you tend to default to conventional wisdom
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當你採用分類時, 對於什麼行得通、什麼行不通,
06:52
about what works and what doesn't.
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你就會傾向將所知的 慣例套用為預設值。
06:55
That a comedy about a young woman dealing with reproductive reality
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一名年輕女子處理 現實生育問題的喜劇
06:59
can't sell.
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不會賣座。
07:00
That the story of an Indian teenager isn't viable in the domestic marketplace
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用印度青少年當主角的故事, 在國內市場是行不通的,
07:04
or anywhere else in the world outside of India.
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或是在印度以外的地方都行不通。
07:06
That the only source of viable movies is a very narrow groups of writers
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賣座電影的唯一來源, 就是一小群已經知道
07:10
who have already found their way to living and working in Hollywood,
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在好萊塢要如何生存和工作的編劇,
07:14
who already have the best representation in the business,
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在這個行業已經有最好的代表機構,
07:16
and are writing a very narrow band of stories.
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且寫出的故事很狹隘的編劇。
07:19
And I'm somewhat embarrassed to admit, that that's where I found myself in 2005.
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我有點不好意思承認, 2005 年的時候我就是這樣的。
07:24
Sitting in that office above Sunset Boulevard,
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坐在日落大道高樓的辦公室裡,
07:26
staring down that metaphorical anonymized bookstore,
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向下看著那比喻式的暱名書店,
07:29
and having read nothing but bad scripts for months.
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數個月來讀到的都是爛劇本。
07:34
And I took this to mean one of two things:
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我認為,這意味著兩種可能:
可能是 A:我不擅長我的工作,
07:36
either A: I was not very good at my job,
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07:38
which was, ostensibly, finding good scripts,
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而這工作顯然就是要找到好劇本,
07:41
or B: reading bad scripts was the job.
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或是 B:我的工作就是讀爛劇本。
07:45
In which case, my mother's weekly phone calls,
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不論是哪一種情況, 我媽媽每週打來的電話,
07:47
asking me if my law school entrance exam scores were still valid
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問我我的法學院入學考試 成績是否仍然有效,
可能是我應該要多留意一下的。
07:50
was something I should probably pay more attention to.
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我也知道,我將要去度假兩週,
07:53
What I also knew
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07:54
was that I was about to go on vacation for two weeks,
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當讀爛劇本就是你工作時,
07:56
and as bad as reading bad scripts is when it is your job,
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度假反而還更痛苦。
07:59
it's even more painful on vacation.
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所以我得要做點什麼才行。
08:01
So I had to do something.
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08:03
So late one night at my office, I made a list
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有天,我在辦公室到很晚, 我做了張清單,
08:05
of everyone that I had had breakfast, lunch, dinner or drinks with
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列出我曾經一起吃早餐、 午餐、晚餐,或喝飲料,
08:08
that had jobs similar to mine, and I sent them an anonymous email.
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且工作性質和我很像的人, 接著我發了一封暱名信給他們。
08:11
And I made a very simple request.
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我在信上的請求很簡單。
08:14
Send me a list of up to 10 of your favorite screenplays
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請列出你最喜歡的十部劇本, 且要符合三項標準。
08:17
that meet three criteria.
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08:18
One: you love the screenplay,
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一:你愛這部劇本;
08:20
two: the filmed version of that screenplay will not be in theaters
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二:在當年年底之前,
該劇本的電影版不會在劇院上映;
08:23
by the end of that calendar year,
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08:25
and three: you found out about the screenplay this year.
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三:你是今年發現那部劇本的。
08:29
This was not an appeal for the scripts that would be the next great blockbuster,
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這並不是在尋求下一部鉅片的劇本,
08:33
not an appeal for the scripts that will win the Academy Award,
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不是在尋求能得奧斯卡的劇本,
08:36
they didn't need to be scripts that their bosses loved
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不用是他們的老闆會喜歡的劇本,
08:38
or that their studio wanted to make.
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也不用是他們的電影公司 會想要拍的劇本。
08:40
It was very simply an opportunity for people to speak their minds
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它很單純就是一個機會, 讓大家說出心聲,
08:43
about what they loved,
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說出他們喜歡什麼,
08:45
which, in this world, is increasingly rare.
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這樣的機會在這個世界 卻越來越稀有了。
08:48
Now, almost all of the 75 people I emailed anonymously responded.
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我寄了暱名信給 75 個人, 他們幾乎通通都回覆了。
08:52
And then two dozen other people actually emailed to participate
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接著,還有二十幾個人寫信到
這個暱名電子郵件地址來參一腳,
08:55
to this anonymous email address,
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08:56
but I confirmed that they did in fact have the jobs they claimed to have.
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但我確認了他們所聲稱的 工作並不是真的。
然後我把這些投票 匯整成一張試算表,
09:00
And I then compiled the votes into a spreadsheet,
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跑出一張數據透視表, 輸出到 PowerPoint 上,
09:02
ran a pivot table, output it to PowerPoint,
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09:04
and the night before I left for vacation,
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在我出發去度假的前一天晚上,
09:06
I slapped a quasi subversive name on it
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我隨意給了它一個看似 很有顛覆性的名字,
09:08
and emailed it back from that anonymous email address
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就從那個暱名的電子郵件地址,
把它寄回給所有投票者。
09:11
to everyone who voted.
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09:12
The Black List.
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那名字是:黑名單。
09:13
A tribute to those who lost their careers during the anti-communist hysteria
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向那些在四十及五十年代
歇斯底里反共產的期間 失去工作的人致敬,
09:17
of the 1940s and 50s,
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09:18
and a conscious inversion of the notion
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也是有意識地刻意倒置
09:20
that black somehow had a negative connotation.
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黑色的負面意涵。
09:24
After arriving in Mexico, I pulled out a chair by the pool,
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到了墨西哥之後, 我拉了一張椅子坐在池邊,
09:27
started reading these scripts and found, to my shock and joy,
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開始閱讀這些劇本, 讓我又驚又喜的是,
09:30
that most of them were actually quite good.
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我發現這些劇本大多相當不賴。
09:32
Mission accomplished.
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任務完成。
09:34
What I didn't and couldn't have expected
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我沒有預期到,也無法預期到
09:36
was what happened next.
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接下來發生的事。
09:38
About a week into my time on vacation,
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假期開始了大約一週後,
09:40
I stopped by the hotel's business center to check my email.
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我順路到飯店的商業中心, 去收一下電子郵件。
09:43
This was a pre-iPhone world, after all.
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畢竟這是 iPhone 誕生前的世界。
09:46
And found that this list that I had created anonymously
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我發現,我暱名做的這份清單
09:49
had been forwarded back to me several dozen times,
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已經被轉傳回來到我個人的
電子郵件地址數十次。
09:52
at my personal email address.
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09:53
Everyone was sharing this list of scripts that everyone had said that they loved,
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大家都在分享這份 人人號稱喜愛的劇本清單,
09:57
reading them and then loving them themselves.
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他們讀了這些劇本之後 也確實很喜歡。
10:00
And my first reaction, that I can't actually say here,
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我的第一個反應, 我無法在這裡說,
10:03
but will describe it as fear,
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但就把它描述為恐懼吧,
10:05
the idea of surveying people about their scripts
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對大家做劇本的意見調查
10:08
was certainly not a novel or a genius one.
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肯定不是個新點子或天才點子。
10:10
Surely, there was some unwritten Hollywood rule of omertà
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當然,好萊塢有不成文的緘默法則,
導致以前沒有人在做這件事,
10:14
that had guided people away from doing that before
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我當時才剛入行, 太天真了不懂這些規則。
10:16
that I was simply too naive to understand, it being so early in my career.
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10:20
I was sure I was going to get fired,
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我很確定我會被炒魷魚,
10:22
and so I decided that day that A: I would never tell anybody
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所以,那天,我決定, A:我永遠不會告訴任何人
10:25
that I had done this,
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我做過這件事;
10:27
and B: I would never do it again.
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B:我不會再做這件事。
10:30
Then, six months later, something even more bizarre happened.
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接著,六個月後, 發生了更怪異的事。
10:34
I was in my office, on Sunset,
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我在日落大道的辦公室裡,
10:36
and got a phone call from another writer's agent.
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接到另一位編劇的 經紀人打來的電話。
10:39
The call began very similarly to the call about "Superstorm":
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電話中的對話,一開始 和《超級風暴》很像:
10:42
"I've got Leo's next movie."
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「我有李奧的下一部電影。」
10:44
Now, that's not the interesting part.
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那並不是有趣的部分。
10:46
The interesting part was the way the call ended.
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有趣的部分是這通電話 結束的方式。
10:49
Because this agent then told me, and I quote,
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因為這位經紀人接下來 告訴我,我引述他的話:
10:54
"Don't tell anybody, but I have it on really good authority
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「不要告訴別人, 我有非常可靠的消息,
10:57
this is going to be the number one script on next year's Black List."
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這將會是明年黑名單上 排名第一的劇本。」
11:00
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
11:03
Yeah.
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是啊。
11:04
Suffice it to say, I was dumbfounded.
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我目瞪口呆,說這樣就夠了。
11:07
Here was an agent, using the Black List, this thing that I had made anonymously
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這裡有位經紀人, 利用黑名單,我暱名做出來
11:11
and decided to never make again,
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且決定永遠不再做的黑名單,
11:12
to sell his client to me.
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來把他的客戶推銷給我。
11:14
To suggest that the script had merit,
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暗示這部劇本有優點的方式,
11:16
based solely on the possibility of being included on a list of beloved screenplays.
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竟然只是說它有可能擠上 一份被喜愛的劇本的清單上。
11:21
After the call ended, I sat in my office, sort of staring out the window,
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那通電話結束之後, 我坐在我的辦公室中,盯著窗外,
11:25
alternating between shock and general giddiness.
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一下震驚,一下暈眩。
11:28
And then I realized that this thing that I had created
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接著,我了解到, 我創造的這份清單,
11:30
had a lot more value
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它的價值遠超過
11:31
than just me finding good screenplays to read over the holidays.
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讓我找到好劇本可以在假日時閱讀。
11:34
And so I did it again the next year --
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所以,隔年我又做了一次——
11:37
and the "LA Times" had outed me as the person who had created it --
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而《洛杉磯時報》揭露出 我就是創造清單的人——
11:40
and the year after that,
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隔年我又做了,
11:41
and the year after that -- I've done it every year since 2005.
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還有再隔年—— 從 2005 年起,我每年都會做。
11:45
And the results have been fascinating,
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而結果非常棒,
11:46
because, unapologetic lying aside, this agent was exactly right.
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因為,若不考量毫無歉意的說謊, 這位經紀人完全是對的。
11:51
This list was evidence, to many people, of a script's value,
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對許多人而言,這份清單 就是劇本價值的證據,
11:54
and that a great script had greater value
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證明一部好的劇本有許多人
11:56
that, I think, a lot of people had previously anticipated.
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先前所預期的更大價值。
11:59
Very quickly, the writers whose scripts were on that list
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很快地,清單上那些劇本的編劇
12:02
started getting jobs,
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開始有工作了,
12:03
those scripts started getting made,
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那些劇本開始被拍成電影,
12:05
and the scripts that got made
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且被拍成電影的那些劇本 通常都不符合過去對於
12:07
were often the ones that violated the assumptions
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12:09
about what worked and what didn't.
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什麼行得通、什麼行不通的假設。
12:11
They were scripts like "Juno" and "Little Miss Sunshine"
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這些劇本就像是《鴻孕當頭》、 《小太陽的願望》、
12:15
and "The Queen" and "The King's Speech"
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《黛妃與女皇》、 《王者之聲:宣戰時刻》,
12:17
and "Spotlight."
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和《驚爆焦點》。
12:19
And yes, "Slumdog Millionaire."
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是的,還有《貧民百萬富翁》。
12:21
And even an upcoming movie about Michael Jackson's chimpanzee.
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甚至還有一部關於 麥可傑克森的黑猩猩的新電影。
12:25
Now, I think it's really important that I pause here for a second
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我想,我得在這裡暫停, 先澄清一下,
12:28
and say that I can't take credit for the success of any of those movies.
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那些電影的成功, 我都無法居功,這點很重要。
它們不是我寫的,不是我導的,
12:32
I didn't write them, I didn't direct them, I didn't produce them, I didn't gaff them,
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不是我製作的,燈光不是我做的,
12:36
I didn't make food and craft service --
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片場的食物和點心服務 不是我做的——
12:38
we all know how important that is.
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我們都知道這服務有多重要。
12:40
The credit for those movies, the credit for that success,
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那些電影的功勞,成功的功勞,
12:42
goes to the people who made the films.
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應該屬於製作電影的人。
12:45
What I did was change the way people looked at them.
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我所做的是改變大家看它們的方式。
12:47
Accidentally, I asked if the conventional wisdom was correct.
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我不小心問了 慣用的常識是否正確。
12:52
And certainly, there are movies on that list that would have gotten made
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當然,在清單上有些劇本, 即使沒有黑名單也會被拍成電影,
12:56
without the Black List,
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但也有許多是絕對不可能。
12:57
but there are many that definitely would not have.
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12:59
And at a minimum, we've catalyzed a lot of them into production,
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至少,我們促成了 許多劇本被製作成電影,
13:02
and I think that's worth noting.
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我認為這點是值得注意的。
13:04
There have been about 1,000 screenplays on the Black List
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從 2005 年黑名單開始之後,
已經有大約一千部劇本上了清單。
13:07
since its inception in 2005.
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13:08
About 325 have been produced.
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約有 325 部被製作成電影。
13:11
They've been nominated for 300 Academy Awards,
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它們被提名了三百項奧斯卡金項獎,
13:14
they've won 50.
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贏得了五十項。
13:16
Four of the last nine Best Pictures have gone to scripts from the Black List,
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最近的九部最佳影片當中, 有四部的劇本上了黑名單,
13:20
and 10 of the last 20 screenplay Oscars have gone to scripts from the Black List.
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最近的二十部最佳劇本當中, 有十部在黑名單上。
13:24
All told, they've made about 25 billion dollars
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全部加起來,它們在全世界的 票房一共有 250 億美金,
13:27
in worldwide box office,
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13:28
which means that hundreds of millions of people
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這就表示有數億人
13:31
have seen these films when they leave their homes,
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曾經離開他們的家, 去坐在陌生人的旁邊,
13:33
and sit next to someone they don't know and the lights go down.
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當燈光暗下來之後, 欣賞了這些電影。
13:37
And that's to say nothing of post-theatrical environments
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更不用說還有劇院下片之後的環境,
13:40
like DVD, streaming and, let's be honest, illegal downloads.
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比如 DVD、線上電影, 老實說,還有非法下載。
13:44
Five years ago today, October 15,
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五年前的今天,十月十五日,
13:48
my business partner and I doubled down on this notion
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我和我的事業夥伴 再加碼在這個想法上:
13:51
that screenwriting talent was not where we expected to find it,
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有才華的編劇可能不在 我們預期能找到他們的地方,
13:55
and we launched a website that would allow anybody on earth
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我們推出了一個網站, 讓地球上的任何人,
13:58
who had written an English-language screenplay
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只要寫了英語的劇本, 就可以上傳,且該劇本會被評估,
14:00
to upload their script, have it evaluated,
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數以千計的電影界 專業人士都可以取得它。
14:02
and make it available to thousands of film-industry professionals.
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我很高興能夠說,網站推出五年, 我們已經大致證明了這個論點。
14:06
And I'm pleased to say, in the five years since its launch,
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14:08
we've largely proved that thesis.
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全世界數百名編劇找到了代表,
14:10
Hundreds of writers from across the world have found representation,
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讓他們的作品版權能被賣出。
14:13
have had their work optioned or sold.
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過去三年間,甚至有 七位編劇的作品被拍成電影,
14:15
Seven have even seen their films made in the last three years,
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包括《夜鶯》,
14:18
including the film "Nightingale,"
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這部片子講的是戰爭 退役軍人的心理衰退,
14:20
the story of a war veteran's psychological decline,
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在全片九十分鐘的時間,
14:22
in which David Oyelowo's face is the only one on screen
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唯一出現在螢幕上的面孔 就是大衛歐洛沃的面孔。
14:25
for the film's 90-minute duration.
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14:27
It was nominated for a Golden Globe and two Emmy Awards.
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它獲得一項金球獎提名 和兩項艾美獎提名。
14:30
It's also kind of cool that more than a dozen writers
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還有一點也挺酷的,有十幾位 在這個網站上被發掘的編劇,
14:32
who were discovered on the website
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14:34
have ended up on this end-of-year annual list,
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最後上了今年年底的年度名單,
14:36
including two of the last three number one writers.
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包括最近三位 第一名編劇當中的兩位。
14:39
Simply put, the conventional wisdom about screenwriting merit --
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簡言之,一般對於 編劇優點的慣用常識——
14:43
where it was and where it could be found,
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它在哪裡、在哪裡可以找到它——
14:46
was wrong.
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是錯的。
14:48
And this is notable, because as I mentioned before,
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這點值得注意,因為我之前提過,
14:51
in the triage of finding movies to make and making them,
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如果要用分類找電影來拍, 並把電影拍出來,
14:54
there's a lot of relying on conventional wisdom.
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有很大一部分要仰賴慣用的常識。
14:58
And that conventional wisdom,
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而那慣用的常識,
15:00
maybe, just maybe,
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也許,只是也許,
15:02
might be wrong to even greater consequence.
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也許是錯的, 會造成更嚴重的後果。
15:05
Films about black people don't sell overseas.
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關於黑人的電影在海外不好賣。
15:09
Female-driven action movies don't work,
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女性導向的動作片行不通,
15:11
because women will see themselves in men, but men won't see themselves in women.
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因為女性可以在男人中 看見她們自己,但反之不然。
15:16
That no one wants to see movies about women over 40.
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沒有人想要看女性 超過四十歲的電影。
15:19
That our onscreen heroes have to conform to a very narrow idea about beauty
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螢幕上的英雄必須要符合 一種非常狹隘的美感觀點,
15:23
that we consider conventional.
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一般大家認定的觀點。
15:26
What does that mean when those images are projected 30 feet high
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當那些影像被投射到三十英呎 高的銀幕,燈光暗下來之後,
15:29
and the lights go down,
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15:30
for a kid that looks like me in Columbus, Georgia?
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對於像我這種喬治亞 哥倫布市的孩子,有什麼意涵?
15:33
Or a Muslim girl in Cardiff, Wales?
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或是威爾斯卡地夫的穆斯林女孩?
15:36
Or a gay kid in Chennai?
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或是清奈的同性戀孩子?
15:38
What does it mean for how we see ourselves
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對於我們如何看待自己、 我們如何看待世界,
15:41
and how we see the world and for how the world sees us?
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及世界如何看待我們, 有什麼意涵?
15:47
We live in very strange times.
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我們生在一個非常奇怪的時代。
15:50
And I think for the most part, we all live in a state of constant triage.
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我想,大多數的情況下, 我們都在做分類。
15:54
There's just too much information,
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有太多資訊了,
15:56
too much stuff to contend with.
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有太多東西要處理的。
15:58
And so as a rule, we tend to default to conventional wisdom.
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所以,我們傾向會將 慣用的常識拿來當作規則。
16:03
And I think it's important that we ask ourselves, constantly,
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我認為,很重要的是, 我們要常常問自己,
16:06
how much of that conventional wisdom is all convention and no wisdom?
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那慣用的常識中,
有多少只是慣例而不明智呢?
16:12
And at what cost?
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代價又是什麼?
16:14
Thank you.
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謝謝。
16:15
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
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