Alicia Chong Rodriguez: A smart bra for better heart health | TED

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Helen Chang

我很榮幸，能用我祖母的 名字艾莉西亞來命名。

I am proudly named Alicia after my grandma.

She dedicated her life to women's health as an obstetrician,

她是婦產科醫生， 一生奉獻給女性的健康，

in a time when women were rarely allowed to obtain medical degrees.

那個年代，很少有女性 能取得醫學學位。

We lost her to a heart attack when I was 13 years old.

我十三歲時，她因為心臟病過世。

When one of my cofounders, Monica, was 12,

我的其中一位共同創辦人 莫妮卡十二歲時，

she was waiting at school for her mom to pick her up.

在學校等她母親去接她。

Only that didn't happen,

卻沒有等到，

because her mom, a 44-year-old physician,

因為她母親，

四十四歲的醫生，

had suddenly passed away from a stroke.

因為中風突然去世。

Unfortunately, our stories are common.

不幸的是，我們的故事很常見。

Heart disease and stroke

心臟病和中風

are the leading causes of death and disability worldwide.

在全世界的死亡與殘疾 成因排行中都名列前茅。

And for women,

對女性而言，不僅比較難

it is not only harder to recognize, diagnose and treat,

發現、診斷，及治療這些疾病，

but after a heart attack or a stroke, women also face higher mortality.

在發生心臟病或中風之後，

女性也有比較高的死亡率。

There are about 44 million women living in the US with heart disease,

在美國有大約四千四百萬名 女性有心臟疾病，

and the incidences for women under 65 are on the rise.

且六十五歲以下女性的發病率

不斷上升。

So what's going on?

這是怎麼回事？

The answer lies at the intersection of two areas: data and medical devices.

答案落在兩個領域的交會處：

資料和醫療器材。

Let's look at data first,

咱們先來談談資料，

or the lack of it.

或者說，資料的缺乏。

When I was doing cardiovascular research at MIT,

我在麻省理工學院做心血管研究時，

I had access to huge data sets.

我能取得大型資料集。

Realizing that women were one of the largest subgroups underrepresented

發現女性是未被充分代表的族群當中

最大的子族群之一，讓我大開眼界。

was eye-opening.

In fact, women were basically excluded from cardiovascular clinical trials

事實上，

基本上心血管臨床試驗中 幾乎沒有女性，

until the NIH mandated inclusion in 1993.

直到 1993 年國家衛生研究院 強制要求納入女性。

This is why existing technologies and therapies often fall short,

這就是為什麼

既有技術和治療通常都有所不足，

because most of them have been designed

因為在設計它們時，

using data primarily from male animals and men.

使用的主要都是 雄性動物和男性的資料。

And as artificial intelligence helps turbocharge digital health,

當人工智慧開始協助 加速數位健康時，

there's a danger that algorithms mostly trained with male data and biases

有個危險的風險，

演算法在訓練時主要用

男性資料和偏見，

will actually perpetuate the problem.

這樣，問題只會延續下去。

Next, let's look at medical devices.

接著，來談談醫療器材。

The "one type fits all" approach

「一種方法適用於所有人」的方式

doesn't even take into account the fact that heart disease and stroke

甚至沒有考慮到

事實上心臟病和中風

can present differently in women.

在女性身上的呈現可能不同。

Way too often, female thresholds are not programmed.

女性的門檻值通常未被寫入程式中。

Smaller arteries cannot be visualized,

較小的動脈無法被視覺化呈現，

and poor clinical-grade monitoring systems

粗劣的臨床級監測系統

cannot accommodate two different body shapes

無法容納兩種不同的體型

or stages in life.

或者人生階段。

In the 1800s, Amelia Bloomer led a movement against damaging corsets,

1800 年代，

艾蜜莉亞·布魯默發起 抵制束縛傷身運動，

towards more comfortable and useful garments for women.

推動更舒服且實用的女性服飾。

She inspired us to think:

她給了我們靈感，讓我們想：

What if we could solve both the data and the device challenge

我們有沒有可能用大部分女性已經

by using a garment that most women already wear daily?

每天會穿的衣物來解決 資料和器材的難題？

What if a garment designed to support women

如果為女性設計的支撐型衣物

could also augment their health?

也能強化她們的健康呢？

Our idea is to turn the everyday bra into an actual lifesaver.

我們的想法是把每天穿的胸罩

變成救命器具。

And this is how we're doing it.

這是我們的做法。

這是我們的增強式衣物平台。

This is our augmented garment platform.

It gives women the ability

它讓女性可以持續從遠端

to continuously and remotely acquire physiological data.

取得生理資料。

By wearing these bras,

穿上這種胸罩，

women can view insights and patterns

女性就可以從手機看到洞見 和模式，並自動做日誌記錄，

and keep an automated journal in their phones,

giving them a simple way to tag symptoms

讓她們很輕鬆就能標記症狀，

and collect life-saving data to share with their doctors

收集能救命的資料，

提供給醫生分享，協助早期 發現問題及做好目標管理。

for early detection and targeted management.

It can even track the safety and efficacy of certain therapies.

它甚至可以追蹤 某些治療的安全性和效力。

We've built medical-grade textile sensors

我們打造了醫療等級的織物感測器，

that can adapt to multiple bra styles and sizes

適用於多種胸罩造型和尺寸，

for continuous, reliable and repeatable data,

能從穿者的軀幹和心臟區域

持續取得可靠的可重覆性資料。

all around her torso and her heart.

We can track heart rhythm, breathing, temperature, posture and movement,

我們可以追蹤心跳、呼吸、

體溫、姿勢、動作，

and by applying algorithms, we can use this data to decode symptoms,

透過演算法，

我們也可以從資料譯解出症狀， 清楚找出心律失常的觸發因子，

articulate arrhythmia triggers

and generate personalized digital biomarkers.

並產生出個人化的數位生物標記。

Unlike traditional biomarkers, like blood, that take a snapshot in time,

不像傳統的生物標記（如血液）

是單一時間點的照片，

digital biomarkers work more like a video,

數位生物標記的運作方式更像影片，

using data collected over time to explain, influence

用隨時間收集的資料來解釋、

影響，甚至預測健康結果。

and even predict health outcomes.

They have the potential to enable care immediately.

它們有潛能可以馬上啟動照護，

No more wait time for results.

不用再花時間等結果出來。

She has the data available when she needs it the most.

在最需要資料的時候， 資料就在手邊。

With medical-grade technology as easy as wearing a bra,

有了像胸罩這麼容易 穿戴的醫療級技術，

we could catch up, close the data gap,

我們能迎頭趕上，

補齊資料的落差，

enable easier participation in clinical trials

讓參與臨床試驗更容易，

and bring women's health care into the 21st century.

把女性的健康照護帶進二十一世紀。

The more women that wear these augmented bras,

越多女性穿戴這種增強式胸罩，

the faster we can create a truly meaningful and inclusive data set

我們就能越快建立起真正 有意義且全面的資料集，

on women's health.

女性健康的資料集。

Collectively, this data can enable breakthroughs

整體的資料可以為數位診斷及治療

in digital diagnostics and therapeutics

帶來突破，

to solve some of the biggest health-care challenges

解決現今人類面臨的 一些重大健康難題。

humanity faces today.

With our unique biological data,

有我們這些獨有的生物資料、

our ability to gather more and more of it

收集更多這類資料的能力，

and our ability to learn from it using AI,

以及用人工智慧從中學習的能力，

the dream of making medicine without bias and truly personal

就能實現讓醫療不再有偏見

且能真正個人化的夢想。

can be achieved.

And that, of course, benefits all of us.

當然，所有人都能受益。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Cheers and applause)

（掌聲）