What streaming means for the future of entertainment | Emmett Shear

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: 易帆 余

I am obsessed with forming healthy communities,

我很著迷於創造健康的社群，

and that's why I started Twitch --

這也是為什麼我創造了 Twitch ——

to help people watch other people play video games on the internet.

協助大家在網路上 看其他人玩電玩遊戲。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Thank you for coming to my TED talk.

謝謝各位來聽我的 TED 演說。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

So in seriousness,

說真的，

video games and communities truly are quite related.

電玩遊戲和社群關係很密切。

From our early human history,

從人類早期歷史開始，

we made our entertainment together in small tribes.

我們就是以小部落的形式一起歡樂。

We shared stories around the campfire,

我們圍著營火分享故事，

we sang together, we danced together.

我們一起唱歌，我們一起跳舞。

Our earliest entertainment was both shared and interactive.

我們最早期的娛樂 是共享的，也是互動的。

It wasn't until pretty recently on the grand scale of human history

在整個漫長的人類歷史中， 一直要到最近期，

that interactivity took a back seat

互動性才讓位到後座去，

and broadcast entertainment took over.

由廣播娛樂接手。

Radio and records brought music into our vehicles, into our homes.

無線電台和唱片把音樂 帶到我們的車上、家中。

TV and VHS brought sports and drama into our living rooms.

電視和錄影帶把運動和戲劇 帶到我們的客廳裡。

This access to broadcast entertainment was unprecedented.

現在大家能輕易地取得廣播娛樂， 這是前所未見的情況。

It gave people amazing content around the globe.

廣播娛樂能將很棒的內容 帶給全球各地的人。

It created a shared culture for millions of people.

它為數百萬人創造出共同的文化。

And now, if you want to go watch or listen to Mozart,

現在，如果你想要看或聽莫札特，

you don't have to buy an incredibly expensive ticket and find an orchestra.

你不用買非常貴的票， 也不用去找交響樂團。

And if you like to sing --

如果你想要唱歌——

(Sings) I can show you the world --

（唱歌）我能讓你看見全世界——

then you have something in common with people around the world.

你和全世界各地的人有些共同點。

But with this amazing access,

但，也因為取得容易，

we allowed for a separation between creator and consumer,

把創作者與消費者的距離拉開了，

and the relationship between the two became much more one-way.

兩者之間的互動關係 變得越來越單向。

We wound up in a world where we had a smaller class of professional creators

過去我們活在一個專業創作者

為數不多的世界裡，

and most of us became spectators,

大多數人成為了觀眾，

and as a result it became far easier for us to enjoy that content alone.

如此一來，個人能 輕鬆享受這些內容。

There's a trend counteracting this:

後來有一個相反的潮流產生：稀有性。

scarcity.

So, Vienna in the 1900s, was famous for its café culture.

1900 年代，維也納的 咖啡文化很有名。

And one of the big drivers of that café culture

形成那種咖啡文化的重要成因之一

was expensive newspapers that were hard to get,

就是很難取得的昂貴報紙，

and as a result,

因此，

people would go to the café and read the shared copy there.

大家會去咖啡廳共享那裡的報紙。

And once they're in the cafe,

當他們到了咖啡廳，

they meet the other people also reading the same newspaper,

他們就會遇見其他 也在閱讀同一份報紙的人，

they converse, they exchange ideas

他們會交談，他們會交換想法，

and they form a community.

他們會形成社群。

In a similar way,

同樣的，

TV and cable used to be more expensive,

過去，電視機和有線電視比較昂貴，

and so you might not watch the game at home.

所以你可能不會在家中看比賽。

Instead you'd go to the local bar

你會去當地的酒吧，

and cheer along with your fellow sports fans there.

和其他迷運動的夥伴們一起舉杯。

But as the price of media continues to fall over time thanks to technology,

但，因為科技進步， 媒體的價格隨時間一直下降，

this shared necessity that used to bring our communities together falls away.

過去形成我們社群的這種 共同必要性漸漸消失。

We have so many amazing options for our entertainment,

我們有好多很棒的娛樂選擇，

and yet it's easier than ever for us to wind up consuming those options alone.

現在也比以前更容易 獨自一人去消費這些選擇。

Our communities are bearing the consequences.

承受後果的就是我們的社群。

For example,

比如，認為自己有至少 兩名親密好友的人數

the number of people who report having at least two close friends

is at an all-time low.

達到史上最低。

I believe that one of the major contributing causes to this

我相信，這背後的主要成因之一

is that our entertainment today allows us to be separate.

就是現今的娛樂容許我們分離。

There is one trend reversing this atomization of our society:

有一個趨勢在反轉 這種社會的分化：

modern multiplayer video games.

現今的多玩家型的電玩遊戲。

Games are like a shared campfire.

遊戲就像是共享的營火。

They're both interactive and connecting.

遊戲既是互動性的也有連結性。

Now these campfires may have beautiful animations,

這些營火可能有很漂亮的動畫、

heroic quests,

英雄旅程、

occasionally too many loot boxes,

偶爾有過多的戰利品箱，

but games today are very different

但現今的遊戲

和二十年前的個人活動非常不同。

than the solitary activity of 20 years ago.

They're deeply complex,

現今的遊戲很複雜， 在智力上更具有刺激性了，

they're more intellectually stimulating,

and most of all, they're intrinsically social.

最重要的，它們具有社交的本質。

One of the recent breakout genres exemplifying this change

最近一種爆紅的遊戲類型 就放大了這項變革，

is the battle royale.

那就是大逃殺類的遊戲。

100 people parachute onto an island in a last-man-standing competition.

一百個人被丟到一個島嶼上，

參與殺到最後只剩一個人的競賽。

Think of it as being kind of like "American Idol,"

可以把它想成是《美國偶像》，

but with a lot more fighting and a lot less Simon Cowell.

只是有更多打鬥，更少的評審 (西蒙 · 高維爾)。

You may have heard of "Fortnite,"

你可能聽過《要塞英雄》，它就是

which is a breakout example of the battle royale genre,

大逃殺遊戲的爆紅例子，

which has been played by more than 250 million people around the world.

全世界玩過這個遊戲的玩家 有兩億五千萬人。

It's everyone from kids in your neighborhood

大家都在玩，從你街坊的孩子，

to Drake and Ellen DeGeneres.

到德瑞克（歌手）和艾倫（主持人）。

2.3 billion people in the world play video games.

全世界有二十三億人玩電玩遊戲。

Early games like "Tetris" and "Mario" may have been simple puzzles or quests,

早期的《俄羅斯方塊》 和《超級瑪莉》

可能只是簡單的解謎或破關，

but with the rise of arcades and then internet play,

但隨著大型街機出現， 接著是網路遊戲，

and now massively multiplayer games of huge, thriving online communities,

現在則是不斷成長的大型線上社群 所玩的大規模多玩家遊戲，

games have emerged as the one form of entertainment

電玩遊戲這種娛樂形式的消費，

where consumption truly requires human connection.

已經演變成了真正 需要人類連結的消費。

So this brings us to streaming.

這就帶到了串流。

Why do people stream themselves playing video games?

為什麼大家會用串流轉播 自己玩電玩遊戲的過程？

And why do hundreds of millions of people around the world

為什麼全世界有數億人

congregate to watch them?

會集合起來看這些串流？

I want you all the imagine for second --

我想請大家想像一下——

imagine you land on an alien planet,

想像你降落在一個外星球上，

and on this planet, there's a giant green rectangle.

在這個星球上， 有一塊巨大的綠色矩形。

And in this green rectangle,

在這塊綠色矩形中， 穿著一致服裝的外星人

aliens in matching outfits

are trying to push a checkered sphere between two posts

只能用腳試圖將一顆方格球體 推到兩根柱子之間。

using only their feet.

It's pretty evenly matched,

他們勢均力敵， 所以球只是來來回回，

so the ball is just going back and forth,

but there's hundreds of millions of people watching from home anyway,

但還是有數億人從家中在觀看，

and cheering and getting excited and engaged right along with them.

他們會和這些球員一起 歡呼、興奮、投入。

Now I grew up watching sports with my dad,

我成長過程都在 和我父親一起看球賽，

so I get why soccer is entertaining and engaging.

我能了解為什麼足球 很有娛樂性和吸引力。

But if you don't watch sports,

但如果你不看運動比賽，

maybe you like watching "Dancing with the Stars"

也許你喜歡看《與星共舞》

or you enjoy "Top Chef."

或喜歡《頂尖主廚大對決》。

Regardless, the principle is the same.

不論如何，原則都是一樣的。

If there is an activity that you really enjoy,

如果有一項你真的很喜歡的活動，

you're probably going to like watching other people do it

你可能也會喜歡看其他有技能

with skill and panache.

又做得不錯的人所做的影片。

It might be perplexing to an alien,

對外星人來說可能會覺得很困惑，

but bonding over shared passion is a human universal.

但聚在一起分享熱情， 是人類的普遍現象。

So gamers grew up expecting this live, interactive entertainment,

所以，玩家長大後就一直期待

這種實況的、互動的娛樂，

and passive consumption just doesn't feel as fulfilling.

被動式的消費已無法滿足他們。

That's why livestreaming has taken off with video games.

這也是為什麼串流直播 和電玩遊戲會一同起飛。

Because livestreaming offers that same kind of interactive feeling.

因為串流直播提供了 同樣的互動感。

So when you imagine what's happening on Twitch,

當各位在想像 Twitch 上的狀況時，

I don't want you to think of a million livestreams of video games.

我希望各位不要想像

一百萬場電玩遊戲的串流直播。

Instead, what I want you to picture is millions of campfires.

我希望各位想像的是

一百萬個營火。

Some of them are bonfires --

有些還是篝火——

huge, roaring bonfires with hundreds of thousands of people around them.

大型的熊熊篝火， 有幾十萬人圍在旁邊。

Some of them are smaller, more intimate community gatherings

有些則比較小， 更像是親密的社群聚會，

where everyone knows your name.

大家都知道彼此的名字。

Let's try taking a seat by one of those campfires right now.

咱們現在就來試試在其中 一個營火旁邊找位置坐下。

Hey Cohh, how's it going?

嘿，柯爾，你好嗎？ 柯：嘿，你好嗎，艾米特？

Cohh: Hey, how's it going, Emmett?

ES: So I'm here at TED with about 1,000 of my closest friends,

艾：我在 TED，旁邊有 大約一千個好朋友，

and we thought we'd come and join you guys for a little stream.

我們想要加入你們，看看串流。

Cohh: Awesome! It's great to hear from you guys.

柯：好極了！很高興見到大家。

ES: So Cohh, can you share with the TED audience here --

艾：所以，柯爾，你能不能 和 TED 觀眾分享一下——

what have you learned about your community on Twitch?

對於你的 Twitch 社群， 你有什麼想法？

Cohh: Ah, man, where to begin?

柯爾：啊，要從何說起？

I've been doing this for over five years now,

我在這裡已經超過五年了，

and if there's one thing that doesn't cease to impress me on the daily,

有一樣東西，每天都 仍然會讓我感到驚奇，

it's just kind of how incredible this whole thing is for communication.

那就是這個平台 在溝通方面有多不可思議。

I've been playing games for 20 years of my life,

我一生中玩電玩遊戲的 時間已有二十年，

I've led online MMO guilds for over 10,

領導大型多人線上遊戲 團體超過十年，

and it's the kind of thing where there's very few places in life

在人生中，很少有這樣的地方，

where you can go to meet so many people with similar interests.

可以遇到這麼多有共同興趣的人。

I was listening in a bit earlier;

我剛有聽一下演說，我喜歡 營火的比喻，我的比喻也類似。

I love the campfire analogy, I actually use a similar one.

我把它視為一群人坐在一張大型 沙發上，但只有一個人有遙控器。

I see it all as a bunch of people on a big couch

but only one person has the controller.

So it's kind of like a "Pass the snack!" situation, you know?

有點像是「把零食傳過來！」的情況，

700 people that way --

七百個人那樣子——

but it's great and really it's just --

但很棒，那就是——

ES: So Cohh, what is going on in chat right now?

艾：所以，柯爾，現在 聊天室那邊的狀況如何？

Can you explain that a little bit to us?

能跟大家稍微解釋嗎？

Because my eyesight isn't that good but I see a lot of emotes.

我的眼力不夠好， 但我看到很多表情符號。

Cohh: So this is my community; this is the Cohhilition.

柯：這是我的社群； 叫做 Cohhilition。

I stream every single day.

我每天都做串流播放。我其實 剛完成了連續兩千天的挑戰，

I actually just wrapped up a 2,000-day challenge,

and as such, we have developed a pretty incredible community

我們在這個頻道發展出了 一個很了不起的社群。

here in the channel.

現在約有六千兩百人與我們同在。

Right now we have about 6200 people with us.

What you're seeing is a spam of "Hello, TED" good-vibe emotes,

各位看見的是大家 在狂發「哈囉，TED」、

正面表情符號、

love emotes,

愛心符號、

"this is awesome,"

「這好讚」、「嗨，各位」、 「嗨，大家好」。

"Hi, guys," "Hi, everyone."

Basically just a huge collection of people --

基本上就是一大票人——

huge collection of gamers

一大票玩家，

that are all just experiencing a positive event together.

都在一起經歷一個很正面的活動。

ES: So is there anything that -- can we poll chat?

艾：所以有沒有—— 我們能在聊天中做調查嗎？

I want ask chat a question.

我想在聊天中問問題。

Is there anything that chat would like the world,

聊天中的人願不願意告訴世界，

and particularly these people here with me at TED right now,

特別是現在在 TED 的這些人，

to know about what they get out of playing video games

談談他們玩電玩遊戲 以及成為社群的一部分

and being part of this community?

能讓他們得到什麼？

Cohh: Oh, wow.

柯：喔，哇。

I am already starting to see a lot of answers here.

我已經看到一大堆答案了。

"I like the good vibes."

「我喜歡正面情緒。」

"Best communities are on Twitch."

「最好的社群都在 Twitch 上。」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

"They get us through the rough patches in life."

「能協助我們度過 人生的辛苦時刻。」

Oh, that's a message I definitely see a lot on Twitch,

喔，我在 Twitch 常常看到這種訊息，

which is very good.

這是好事。

"A very positive community,"

「一個非常正面的社群。」 「很多正能量。」

"a lot of positivity,"

which is pretty great.

這也很好。

ES: So Cohh, before I get back to my TED talk,

艾：所以，柯爾，在我 回到我的 TED 演說之前，

which I actually should probably get back to doing at some point --

我也差不多該回去了——

(Laughter)

（笑聲）還有什麼 你想要和我分享的嗎？

Do you have anything else that you want to share with me

或者有沒有什麼

or any question you wanted to ask,

you've always wanted to get out there before an audience?

你一直想要問一群觀眾的問題？

Cohh: Honestly, not too much.

柯：老實說，沒什麼。

I mean, I absolutely love what you're doing right now.

我真的很喜歡你現在在做的事。

I think that the interactive streaming

我認為互動式串流

is the big unexplored frontier of the future in entertainment,

是未來娛樂界中一個 尚未探索的重要邊境，

and thank you for doing everything you're doing up there.

謝謝你在那裡所做的一切。

The more people that hear about what you do, the better --

越多人能聽到你所做的這些， 對這上面的人就越好。

for everyone on here.

艾：好極了，柯爾。非常謝謝。

ES: Awesome, Cohh. Thanks so much.

I'm going to get back to giving this talk now,

我要繼續回到演說了，之後再聊。

but we should catch up later.

柯：沒問題！

Cohh: Sounds great!

（掌聲）

(Applause)

ES: So that was a new way to interact.

艾：所以，這是互動的新方式。

We could influence what happened on the stream,

我們能夠影響 在串流中所發生的事，

we could cocreate the experience along with him,

我們能夠和他人 一起共同創造體驗，

and we really had a multiplayer experience with chat and with Cohh.

我們也和聊天室的人及柯爾 有了多玩家的體驗。

At Twitch, we've started calling this,

因此，在 Twitch， 我們開始將之稱為

as a result, "multiplayer entertainment."

「多玩家娛樂」。

Because going from watching a video alone to watching a live interactive stream

因為，從獨自觀看影片，

變成觀看互動式串流直播，

is similar to the difference between going from playing a single-player game

這差別，就像是

從玩單一玩家遊戲

to playing a multiplayer game.

變成玩多玩家遊戲。

Gamers are often as the forefront of exploration in new technology.

遊戲玩家通常都是在 探索新科技的最前線。

Microcomputers, for example, were used early on for video games,

比如，微電腦早期 是用在電玩遊戲上的，

and the very first handheld, digital mass-market devices weren't cell phones,

且最早的手持數位大眾市場裝置

並不是手機，

they were Gameboys ...

而是 Gameboy 遊戲機。

for video games.

And as a result,

因此，

one way that you can get a hint of what the future might hold

若你想知道未來是怎樣的， 其中一個方式就是

is to look to this fun, interactive sandbox of video games

研究這些有趣的、互動的、 測試版的電玩遊戲，

and ask yourself,

並問問你自己：「現今 這些遊戲玩家在做什麼？」

"what are these gamers doing today?"

And that might give you a hint as to what the future is going to hold

那可能能給你一點線索， 了解我們大家的未來會是怎樣的。

for all of us.

One of the things we're already seeing on Twitch

在 Twitch 我們已經 看到的其中一個現象

is multiplayer entertainment coming to sports.

就是多玩家娛樂進入了運動領域。

So, Twitch and the NFL teamed up to offer livestreaming football,

所以，Twitch 和全國橄欖球 聯盟合作，提供足球串流直播，

but instead of network announcers in suits streaming the game,

但不是用穿西裝的網路播報員 用串流直播比賽，

we got Twitch users to come in

我們是讓 Twitch 使用者來做，

and stream it themselves on their own channel

讓他們用自己的頻道 來進行串流直播，

and interact with their community

和他們的社群互動，

and make it a real multiplayer experience.

讓它成為真正的多玩家體驗。

So I actually think that if you look out into the future --

所以，我真的認為，

如果你展望未來——

only hundreds of people today get to be sports announcers.

現今只有幾百個人 可以當運動播報員。

It's a tiny, tiny number of people who have that opportunity.

有那種機會的人數非常非常少。

But sports are about to go multiplayer,

但，運動就要向多玩家邁進了，

and that means that anyone who wants to around the world

也就是說，全世界的 任何人，只要想要，

is going to get the opportunity to become a sports announcer,

就可以有機會

成為運動播報員，

to give it a shot.

可以去試著做看看。

And I think that's going to unlock incredible amounts of new talent

我認為這將為我們所有人 釋出不可思議的新人才。

for all of us.

我們將來也不會問： 「你有看到比賽嗎？」

And we're not going to be asking, "Did you catch the game?"

Instead, we're going to be asking,

我們會改問：

"Whose channel did you catch the game on?"

「你是在誰的頻道上看比賽？」

We already see this happening with cooking, with singing --

我們已經在烹飪類和唱歌領域類 看到這個現象了——

we even see people streaming welding.

我們甚至看過有人用串流轉播焊接。

And all of this stuff is going to happen around the metaphorical campfire.

所有這一切，未來都將會像 營火的比喻一樣逐漸發生。

There's going to be millions of these campfires lit

在接下來的幾年， 會有數百萬個營火被點燃。

over the next few years.

And on every topic,

針對任何主題，

you're going to be able to find a campfire

你都可以找到相關的營火，

that will allow you to bond with your people around the world.

讓你能夠和全世界的夥伴連結。

For most of human history,

在人類歷史中有極長的時間， 娛樂就是多玩家的。

entertainment was simply multiplayer.

We sang together in person,

我們一起唱歌、

we shared news together in the town square in person,

一起在小鎮廣場上分享新聞，

and somewhere along the way,

在過程中的某個時點，

that two-way conversation turned into a one-way transmission.

我們從雙向的對話 轉變成了單向的傳輸。

As someone who cares about communities,

身為在乎社群的人，

I am excited for a world

我很興奮，希望在將來的世界中，

where our entertainment could connect us instead of isolating us.

娛樂能夠將我們連結起來， 而不是孤立我們。

A world where we can bond with each other over our shared interests

這個世界能夠用我們共同的興趣 將我們連結在一起，

and create real, strong communities.

創造出真正的、穩固的社群。

Games, streams and the interactions they encourage,

遊戲、串流、互動，所帶來的激勵，

are only just beginning to turn the wheel back

都只是開端， 才剛開始將轉輪反轉，

to our interactive, community-rich, multiplayer past.

轉向過去那種互動式、 充滿社群的多玩家娛樂。

Thank you all for sharing this experience here with me,

謝謝各位和我共享這段經歷，

and may you all find your best campfire.

祝大家都能找到自己最棒的營火。

(Applause)

（掌聲）