Stop making mass shooters famous | Tom Teves

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Yuwei Duan

Every parent's worst nightmare:

每位家長最可怕的惡夢：

July 20, 2012,

2012 年 7 月 20 日，

my phone rings at 4:30 in the morning.

凌晨四點半我的手機響了。

It's my son Alex's girlfriend, Amanda,

是我兒子亞力克斯的女朋友 阿曼達打來的。

saying hysterically,

她歇斯底里地說：

"Tom, Tom, there's been a shooting,

「湯姆，湯姆，有人開槍殺人了，

and they dragged me out of the theater.

他們把我從戲院拖出來。

They wouldn't let me stay.

他們不讓我留下來。

I wanted to [stay], but they dragged me out."

我想要留下來， 但他們把我拖出去了。」

I say to Amanda,

我對阿曼達說：

"Amanda, are you OK? Have you been hurt?"

「阿曼達，你還好嗎？ 你受傷了嗎？」

And she said no, that she was fine,

她說沒事，她還好，

that Alex had saved her life.

艾力克斯救了她的命。

I then say,

接著我說：

"Amanda, where's Alex?"

「阿曼達，艾力克斯呢？」

And she says, sobbing,

她嗚咽地說：

"I don't know, we can't find him.

「我不知道，我們找不到他。

They dragged me out of the theater.

他們把我拖出戲院。

They made me leave.

他們要我離開。

He was shot.

他被射中了。

I tried to wake him up, but I couldn't wake him up.

我試著叫醒他，但是我叫不醒他。

He wouldn't get up.

他就是不起來。

They dragged me away. I didn't want to leave him."

他們把我拖走了， 但是我不想離開他。」

And I say to Amanda,

我對阿曼達說：

"The last time you saw Alex,

「你最後見到艾力克斯時，

was he bleeding?

他在流血嗎？

Did you have any of his blood on you?"

你身上有他的血嗎？」

And she cries, "Yeah, a lot,"

她哭著說：「有，很多血。」

and breaks down.

然後她就崩潰了。

Alex loved Amanda.

艾力克斯愛阿曼達。

And he was one of the most honorable men on earth,

他是世界上最讓人尊敬的人之一，

and at the age of 24,

在他 24 歲時，

he had to make the decision to risk his life

他必須選擇冒著生命危險

in order to ensure she would live.

來確保她可以活下來。

I knew in my heart if he couldn't get up,

我心底知道，如果他無法起來，

he was dead.

說明他已經死了。

I had just arrived

我前一天晚上

the night before

剛到夏威夷

with my wife Caren

與我的妻子凱倫

and my youngest son

和小兒子

for a week's vacation in Hawaii.

來這裡度假一週。

We were literally

我們是真的

3,300 miles away.

在五千多公里之外。

Caren and I frantically started calling his cell phone,

凱倫和我瘋狂地打他的手機，

to no avail.

卻都是徒勞。

We left multiple messages.

我們留下很多語音留言。

We then turned to the media.

接著我們轉向媒體。

But all we could find

但我們能找到的資訊

was information on the murderer

都是關於兇手

and his booby-trapped apartment.

以及他裝設陷阱的公寓。

We tried calling the Aurora police station,

我們試著打電話給奧羅拉警局，

but it was impossible to get an answer.

但就是無法得到答案。

But in hindsight, it was understandable.

但事後想想，這是可以理解的。

They were dealing with

他們在處理

12 dead, 70 injured,

十二人死亡、七十人受傷，

the carnage so bad,

這場大屠殺非常慘烈，

the police had to bring some of the victims to the hospitals

警方不得不把一些受害者

放在警車後座送到醫院，

in the backs of their police cars,

because they had run out of ambulances.

因為救護車已經不夠了。

It was a horrific and chaotic scene.

那時的景象既可怕又混亂。

We would never see Alex again,

我們再也無法見到艾力克斯了，

his injuries so severe

他受的傷嚴重到

I had to shield even his mom

我甚至得擋住，

不讓他的母親去看他，

from looking upon him,

for fear that would be the lasting image of him in her mind.

因為我怕他這最後的影像 會在她腦中一直揮之不去。

But you know who we would see again and again?

但你們知道我們一而再 再而三看到的是誰嗎？

The murderer.

兇手。

His pictures were everywhere.

他的照片無所不在。

One article was six paragraphs long

有一篇文章有六段那麼長，

and featured his name 41 times.

提到他的名字四十一次。

The media had made him famous.

媒體讓他成名。

But my firstborn son, Alex,

但我的長子，艾力克斯，

a hero,

一個英雄，

was absent from those initial reports.

卻沒有出現在這些最初的報導中。

Caren and I immediately realized that there was something wrong

凱倫和我馬上就察覺到 有不對勁的地方，

with the way the media responds to these random mass shootings

從科倫拜事件之後，

媒體對於這類隨機大規模 槍擊的反應方式出了問題。

since Columbine.

We started doing research,

我們開始研究，

and we realized

我們了解到，

that if we could change

如果我們能夠改變

the way the media reports,

媒體報導的方式，

we could reduce the amount of shootings

我們就能減少槍擊案的數量，

and save lives.

並拯救人命。

（掌聲）

(Applause)

Let me explain.

讓我解釋一下。

Almost every single random mass shooter

幾乎所有隨機大規模槍擊案的兇手

has something in common.

都有一個共同點。

Can anybody guess what that is?

有人能猜出是什麼嗎？

They want notoriety.

他們想要惡名。

They want to be famous.

他們想要成名。

In fact,

事實上，

these murderers are telling us this themselves.

這些兇手自己就告訴我們這一點。

The Sandy Hook murderer

桑迪胡克小學槍擊案的兇手

kept a spreadsheet

有一張表格，

of previous mass murderers and their number of kills.

整理了過去大規模槍擊案兇手 和死亡人數的資料。

The Orlando Pulse nightclub murderer

奧蘭多脈衝夜店槍擊案的兇手

called a local news station --

打電話給當地一家新聞台——

during his attack! --

就在他進行攻擊的時候！——

and then stopped to check Facebook to see if he'd gone viral.

接著停下來查看臉書， 看他有沒有被瘋傳。

The Parkland murderer

在帕克蘭犯案的兇手

recorded and posted

錄製並上傳了

a video

一支影片，

stating,

宣稱：

"When you see me on the news, you'll know who I am."

「你們在新聞上看到我， 就會知道我是誰。」

The Aurora theater murderer told his psychiatrist

奧羅拉戲院槍擊案的兇手

告訴他的精神科醫師，

that he recognized he couldn't make an impact on the world in science,

他知道他無法在科學領域 對世界造成影響，

but he could become famous

但他可以透過把人炸死來成名。

by blowing people up.

And most telling,

最有力的例子，

the Umpqua Community College murderer

烏姆普夸社區學院槍擊案的兇手

wrote on his blog about a previous mass murderer,

在他的部落格上提到一位 過去的大規模槍擊案兇手，

saying,

他寫到：

"I've noticed that people like him

「我注意到，像他這樣的人

are all alone and unknown,

都孤獨一人，默默無聞，

but when they spill a little blood,

但當他們殺傷人，

the whole world knows who they are."

全世界都知道他們是誰。」

A man who was known by no one is now known by everyone,

原本的無名小卒

現在成了眾所皆知的人物，

his face splashed across every screen,

每個螢幕上的報導都有他的臉孔，

his name on the lips

地球上每個人都在說他的名字，

of everyone on the planet,

all in one day.

全都發生在一天之內。

It seems like the more people you kill,

看起來，你殺的人越多，

the more you're in the limelight.

你就越會成為注目的中心。

These are just a few examples.

這些只是少數幾個例子。

I could go on and on.

我還可以一直說下去。

These murderers are telling us they want to be famous

這些兇手在告訴我們，

他們想要和過去的兇手一樣成名，

like the murderers before them,

and the media continues to give them exactly what they seek:

而媒體不斷

給予他們追求的：

notoriety.

惡名。

（嘆氣）

The gun debate is very emotional,

關於槍枝的辯論非常情緒化，

and our mental health issues are very complicated.

我們的心理健康議題非常複雜。

Both will take time to correct.

兩者都需要時間來修正。

But to reduce the carnage,

但，若想減少大屠殺，

we don't need an act of Congress.

我們並不需要國會有所作為。

What we need is an act of conscience

我們需要的是大眾媒體的製作人

on the producers and consumers of mass media

及消費者採取有良心的行動，

to remove the reward of notoriety.

別再提供「惡名」這個獎勵。

(Applause)

（歡呼聲）（掌聲）

So to save lives,

因此為了拯救人命，

Caren and I launched "No Notoriety,"

凱倫和我成立了「抵制惡名」，

dedicated to challenging the media

旨在要求媒體

to protect our communities

堅守這些有研究支持的原則，

by adhering to these research-backed principles.

來保護我們的社區。

One: report all the facts

一，報導所有的事實，

on the mindset,

包含兇手的心態、基本資料，

demographics

and motivational profile of these shooters,

以及和動機相關的側寫資料，

but minimize their names and images,

但盡量少用到他們的名字和相片，

unless they're at large.

除非他們還逍遙法外。

Two: limit the use of the shooter's name

二，限制使用兇手的名字，

to once per piece,

一篇文章只能用一次， 且不能放在標題上，

never in the headlines

不能在顯眼的位置放照片。

and no pictures in prominent locations.

And three --

三……

Three.

三！

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

I'm not good with numbers.

我不太擅長數字。 （笑聲）

(Laughter)

拒絕刊載

Refuse to publish any self-serving material

任何由兇手提供的自利素材。

provided by the shooters.

(Applause)

（掌聲）

讓我說清楚：

To be clear:

this is not an infringement

這並不是侵害任何人

on anyone's First Amendment rights.

被憲法第一修正案保障的權利。

這並不是審查制度。

This is not censorship.

We are merely asking the media

我們僅僅只是在請求媒體

to leverage guidelines they already have in place.

讓他們已經擁有的方針 能夠發揮效用。

For example,

比如，

the media does not report

媒體不會報導

on journalists that have been kidnapped

被綁架的記者，

in order to protect them.

以保護他們。

媒體不會報導

The media does not report

the names and images

性侵或自殺事件

of victims of sexual assault or suicide.

受害者的名字和影像。

這些負責任的報導慣例

These responsible journalistic practices

protect public safety

能保護大眾的安全，

with zero impact

且完全不會影響到

on the public's right to know.

大眾知情權。

Academic studies show

學術研究指出，

一般的新聞消費者

that the average news consumer

wants to hear less about the shooters.

不想聽到那麼多兇手的資訊。

Instead,

反之，

the media should elevate the names and images

媒體應該多報導的名字和影像，

of the victims, both murdered and injured,

是受害死傷者、

the heroes

英雄、

and the first responders.

第一線應變人員的。

他們應——

They should --

(Applause)

（掌聲）

They should promote data and analysis

他們應該將心理健康及公共安全

領域專家的資料和分析發揚光大。

from experts on the fields of mental health and public safety.

All the experts agree.

所有專家都同意。

The FBI,

美國聯邦調查局、

the International Police Association,

國際警察協會、

主要城市警察首長協會、

the Major City Chiefs Association

and A.L.E.R.T.,

以及 A.L.E.R.T.，

the law enforcement organization dedicated to training first responders

這是個執法組織，

旨在訓練第一線應變人員

to stop active shooters,

如何阻止尚未被制服的槍手，

all endorse the principles of No Notoriety.

大家都贊成「拒絕惡名」原則。

事實上，2014 年，

In fact, in 2014,

the FBI started the "Don't Name Them" campaign in support of the idea.

美國聯邦調查局發動了 「不要說出他們的名字」活動

來支持這個想法。

The American Psychiatric Association supports reducing and minimizing

美國精神醫學學會

支持將這些兇手的身分識別

the identification of these shooters.

減少並降至最低。

The idea has gone worldwide,

這個想法傳遍全球，

with the Prime Minister of New Zealand

紐西蘭總理

在基督城槍擊事件之後 也呼籲「拒絕惡名」。

calling for no notoriety

after the Christchurch shootings.

But as much as we want the media to change,

雖然我們非常希望媒體能改變，

they are for-profit organizations.

但媒體是營利組織。

They won't change unless we hold them accountable.

它們不會改變， 除非我們要求它們負責。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

The media makes their money

媒體賺錢的方式

from advertising

是靠廣告，

based on the number of viewers and clicks.

以閱讀量和點擊率為基礎。

If we can reduce the number of viewers and clicks on any subject,

如果我們能夠減少

某個主題的閱讀量和點擊率，

the media will change the way they report on it.

媒體就會改變報導 這個主題的方式。

So the next time you see any media organization --

所以，下次你看到 任何媒體組織——

平面媒體、數位媒體、 廣播電台，或電視台——

print, digital, radio or television --

gratuitously leveraging the names and images of these shooters,

在沒必要的情況下

大肆報導兇手的名字和影像，

請不要再看下去，

stop watching,

stop listening,

不要再聽下去，

stop clicking,

不要再點擊，

stop liking

不要按讚，

and stop sharing.

也不要分享。

Write to the producers,

寫訊息給製作人、

editors, station managers and CEOs

編輯、電台經理，

及這些新聞組織的執行長。

of these news organizations.

Take note of the advertisers who support those segments

記下贊助這些報導的廣告商，

and write to their CEOs.

寫信給它們的執行長。

因為，若能同心協力，

Because together,

we can push the media to act in the interest

我們就能促使媒體在採取行動時

多以公共安全為考量，

of public safety,

而不是利潤。

not profits.

It's too late for Alex,

此舉對艾力克斯來說已經太遲了，

and it's too late for my family.

對我的家庭來說已經太遲了。

But please don't join our club by inaction,

但請不要因為無所作為 而成為我們的一份子，

the club nobody wants to join.

沒有人會想成為我們的一份子。

The due's too high.

代價太高了。

Because it's not too late

因為對於尚未成為受害者的人，

for people who aren't victims yet.

現在還不遲。

We have the power

我們有能力

to reduce random mass shootings.

減少隨機大規模槍擊。

Let's use it.

讓我們盡力而為。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）