The Dazzling Diversity of African Dance — in 14 Moves | Chinyanta Kabaso | TED

翻译人员: Sue Lu 校对人员: Yanyan Hong

(有节奏的鼓声)

(Rhythmic drumming)

欢迎来到非洲。

Welcome to Africa.

We are a continent that is rich in diversity.

非洲大陆丰富多彩，

We have diverse resources.

我们有各种不同的资源。

In Botswana, you can find diamonds.

在博茨瓦纳，你可以找到钻石。

In DR Congo, there’s cobalt.

刚果民主共和国有钴。

And in Ghana, you find gold.

在加纳，你可以找到黄金。

And then there's the food.

然后，我们还有丰盛的食物。

Africans have found countless ways to prepare rice,

我们非洲人有很多办法 烹饪出不同的可口米饭，

from the jollof in the west to the pilau in the east.

从非洲西部美味无比的乔洛夫饭， 到东部庆典上不可或缺的皮劳饭。

But for me,

但是对我来说，

our most fascinating diversity is our dance.

我们最吸引人的多元化 是我们的舞蹈。

I am passionate about African dance because I'm a dancer and I'm African.

我热爱非洲舞蹈，

因为我不仅是一位舞者， 也是一位非洲人。

But I also believe that dance is important,

我相信舞蹈很重要，

and through it we can learn so much about our history

我们可以从中学到许多我们的历史，

and where we come from.

从而追根溯源。

If the African culture was a tree,

如果非洲文化是一棵树，

then I think dance would be its flowers.

我觉得舞蹈就是那树上开出的花。

If you look at the African dance of today,

如果考察当今的非洲舞蹈，

you find that its core foundation is traditional dance,

你会发现它的核心基础来自 传统舞蹈。

and these are dances that were created with a specific purpose,

传统舞蹈创作时都有一个特定的目的，

for a ceremony or a celebration.

或者为了一个仪式，或者一个庆典。

It could be for war,

也可能是为了一场战争，

for coming of age or even to bring rain.

一个成人典礼，或祈求降雨的祭典仪式。

But what's really interesting with traditional dance

但传统舞蹈最让人感兴趣的是

is that through it you can almost paint this visual map of migration.

通过它你几乎可以 绘制出一幅形象的、大迁移的地图。

And so through the movement of a dance,

所以，通过舞蹈的变迁，

you can trace the movement of people.

你可以追踪到人群的迁移。

And so even though Africa is the most diverse continent in the world,

所以，非洲虽然是世界上最多元化的大陆，

we're also much more connected than we think.

我们其实也是出乎想象地相互紧密连接着。

Let's take the Zulu Kingdom.

让我们来看看祖鲁王国。

In the 1800s,

在19世纪，

the Zulus were mighty warriors,

祖鲁人多是强壮无比的勇士，

ruled by a fierce and brutal king known as Shaka Zulu.

却被一个名为沙卡祖鲁的、 凶猛残暴的国王统治着。

A wave of Zulu people proceeded outward

一大批祖鲁人向外迁移

into the eastern and central region of Africa,

进入非洲东部和中部，

where they became known by new names, like the Ngoni

在那里改名换姓，建立新的种族如恩戈尼族，

and the Ndebele of Zimbabwe.

以及津巴布韦的恩德贝勒族，等等。

Three dances from these regions are known as indlamu,

来自这些地区的有三种舞蹈 分别被称为恩德拉姆（indlamu），

isitshikitsha and ngoma.

伊西吉沙（isitshikitsha） 和恩戈玛（ngoma）。

These dances are essentially cousins.

这些舞蹈其实同出一源，

They come from their own families,

来自同一个大家庭。

but when you look at them,

当你仔细观察这些舞蹈时，

you see the power of Shaka Zulu's Kingdom.

你仍能感受到当年沙卡祖鲁王国的威力。

[Ndebele isitshkitsha dance]

【津巴布韦的贝勒族的伊西吉沙舞】

[Ngoni ngoma dance]

【恩戈尼族的恩戈玛舞】

[Zulu indlamu dance]

【祖鲁的恩德拉姆舞】

In the DRC, we find the Luba ethnic group,

在刚果民主共和国， 我们找到了卢巴少数民族，

and they have a traditional dance called mutuashi.

他们有一种传统舞蹈叫木图阿西。

This dance was used to celebrate fertility

这个舞蹈是用来庆贺女性生育的，

and visually, it's liberation of a woman's waist.

在视觉上，它表现出来的是 女性自由奔放的腰。

But a mutuashi dancer,

一位木图阿西的舞蹈者，

someone performing a traditional dance,

要表演这个传统舞蹈，

could cause a lot of controversy

却会引起很多争议，

to those who had adopted a more conservative mindset from the West.

特别是在那些接受了 西部保守思想影响的人群中。

In Zambia, we find the Bemba ethnic group who are descendants of the Luba people,

在赞比亚，我们找到了本巴少数民族, 他们是卢巴人的后代，

and so they share similar dances.

所以他们彼此的舞蹈很相似。

One of the Bemba dances is called infunkutu,

本巴有一种舞蹈叫尹福库图，

and it’s normally seen at a lady’s pre-marriage ceremony.

通常你能 在新娘的婚前仪式上看到。

Just like the Luba people, this dance is a celebration of a woman.

就如卢巴族一样， 这种舞蹈也是一个女性的庆典。

[Baluba mutuashi dance]

【巴鲁巴的木图阿西舞】

(Drumming and singing)

（鼓声和歌声）

[Bemba infunkutu dance]

【本巴的尹福库图舞】

If we move into the eastern part of Africa,

如果我们走进非洲东部，

we find a showcase of the shoulders.

就会看到美肩在舞蹈中的充分展示。

The eskista from Ethiopia supposedly imitates the shaking of a rattlesnake,

据说埃塞俄比亚的艾斯基斯塔舞 模仿了响尾蛇的摇晃，

and it closely resembles two other dances from its neighboring countries:

非常近似两个邻国的舞蹈：

the quda in Eritrea and the kamabeka from Kenya.

厄立特里亚的库达舞和 肯尼亚的卡玛贝卡舞。

These dances are performed to different rhythms,

这些舞蹈表演虽然跟从 不同的韵律节奏，

but their core movement remains the same.

但他们的基本动作都是一致的。

[Bukusu kamabeka dance]

【布库苏的卡玛贝卡舞】

(Music)

（音乐）

[Ethiopia eskista dance]

【埃塞俄比亚的艾斯基斯塔舞】

[Tigrinya quda dance]

【提格里尼亚的库达舞】

It wasn’t only migration that separated ethnic groups

不仅仅是大迁徙分离了种族群体，

but also the artificial borders

还有人为的边界——

that were drawn by some guys from overseas.

那些海外来的家伙画下的。

In Ghana, Togo, Benin and Nigeria,

在加纳、多哥、贝宁和尼日利亚，

there were once no border distinctions and no movement restrictions.

过去曾经没有国界之分， 也没有迁移限制。

The Ewe people can be found in each of these countries,

埃维人在这些国家随处可见，

and they perform a dance called the togo atsia,

他们表演的舞蹈叫多哥阿西亚舞，

which is danced to the togo atsia drum pattern.

舞者随着多哥阿西亚鼓声的节奏跳动。

Although these people were separated,

虽然这些民族被分离开了，

their dance shows an endurance of their cultural connections.

但他们的舞蹈展示出了 彼此文化息息相连的忍耐持久。

[Togo atsia dance]

【多哥阿西亚舞】

(Rhythmic drumming)

(有节奏的鼓声)

Nelson Mandela once said,

纳尔逊·曼德拉曾经说，

"The curious beauty of African music

“非洲音乐的奇妙之美在于

is that it uplifts even as it tells a sad tale."

即使它讲述了一个悲伤的故事， 也会让人倍受鼓舞。”

And I find this to be just as true with dance.

我发觉舞蹈也有同样的魔力。

It's restored our hope in times of struggle.

在艰难挣扎时刻，它让我们重新看到希望。

In South Africa during apartheid,

在南非种族隔离时期，

gold miners were not allowed to speak while they worked,

金矿工人干活时不许讲话，

so they used their boots to create rhythmic beats of communication,

于是他们就用靴子打出旋律的节拍来交流，

a dance known as the gumboot dance.

大家把那叫做雨靴舞。

And then there is zouglou.

后来又有了著名的祖格鲁舞。

In the '90s in Cote d'Ivoire,

在 90 年代的科特迪瓦，

university students facing economic hardship danced

经济困窘的大学生舞蹈着

by raising their arms into the air as if making a plea.

把他们的手臂伸向天空，如同在祈求救助。

So we dance to celebrate what we have overcome.

我们也会以舞蹈欢庆战胜艰难逆境。

And so we find that a dance is not just a movement,

舞蹈不只是简单的跳动，

but that movement embodies feeling and expression

那跳动中包含着我们的情感和述说，

because it carries history and stories.

我们的历史，我们的故事。

Today, our modern African dance is a fusion of styles

今天，当代非洲舞蹈已成为

that have come from different traditional dances

不同传统舞蹈风格的融合，

that continues to celebrate and appreciate our cultural heritage.

继续庆祝，传承和发扬光大 我们的文化遗产。

Have a look.

请观赏：

(Electronic dance music)

（电子舞蹈音乐）

[Sangra dance]

【僧伽舞】

[Legwork dance]

[跑腿舞]

[Network dance]

【网络舞】

[Zanku dance]

赞库舞

[Ndombolo dance]

【恩多波罗舞】

Thank you for sharing African dance with me today.

感谢你今天和我一起分享非洲舞蹈。