The Dazzling Diversity of African Dance — in 14 Moves | Chinyanta Kabaso | TED
73,693 views ・ 2023-04-18
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翻译人员: Sue Lu
校对人员: Yanyan Hong
(有节奏的鼓声)
00:05
(Rhythmic drumming)
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欢迎来到非洲。
00:15
Welcome to Africa.
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00:17
We are a continent
that is rich in diversity.
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非洲大陆丰富多彩,
00:21
We have diverse resources.
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我们有各种不同的资源。
00:23
In Botswana, you can find diamonds.
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在博茨瓦纳,你可以找到钻石。
00:26
In DR Congo, there’s cobalt.
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刚果民主共和国有钴。
00:29
And in Ghana, you find gold.
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在加纳,你可以找到黄金。
00:32
And then there's the food.
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然后,我们还有丰盛的食物。
00:34
Africans have found
countless ways to prepare rice,
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我们非洲人有很多办法
烹饪出不同的可口米饭,
00:38
from the jollof in the west
to the pilau in the east.
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从非洲西部美味无比的乔洛夫饭,
到东部庆典上不可或缺的皮劳饭。
00:43
But for me,
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但是对我来说,
00:44
our most fascinating
diversity is our dance.
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我们最吸引人的多元化
是我们的舞蹈。
00:48
I am passionate about African dance
because I'm a dancer and I'm African.
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我热爱非洲舞蹈,
因为我不仅是一位舞者,
也是一位非洲人。
00:55
But I also believe
that dance is important,
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我相信舞蹈很重要,
00:58
and through it we can learn
so much about our history
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我们可以从中学到许多我们的历史,
01:03
and where we come from.
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从而追根溯源。
01:04
If the African culture was a tree,
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如果非洲文化是一棵树,
01:06
then I think dance would be its flowers.
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我觉得舞蹈就是那树上开出的花。
01:10
If you look at the African dance of today,
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如果考察当今的非洲舞蹈,
01:12
you find that its core foundation
is traditional dance,
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你会发现它的核心基础来自
传统舞蹈。
01:16
and these are dances that were created
with a specific purpose,
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传统舞蹈创作时都有一个特定的目的,
01:20
for a ceremony or a celebration.
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或者为了一个仪式,或者一个庆典。
01:23
It could be for war,
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也可能是为了一场战争,
01:25
for coming of age or even to bring rain.
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一个成人典礼,或祈求降雨的祭典仪式。
01:28
But what's really interesting
with traditional dance
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但传统舞蹈最让人感兴趣的是
01:31
is that through it you can almost paint
this visual map of migration.
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通过它你几乎可以
绘制出一幅形象的、大迁移的地图。
01:36
And so through the movement of a dance,
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所以,通过舞蹈的变迁,
01:39
you can trace the movement of people.
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你可以追踪到人群的迁移。
01:42
And so even though Africa is the most
diverse continent in the world,
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所以,非洲虽然是世界上最多元化的大陆,
01:46
we're also much more
connected than we think.
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我们其实也是出乎想象地相互紧密连接着。
01:49
Let's take the Zulu Kingdom.
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让我们来看看祖鲁王国。
01:51
In the 1800s,
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在19世纪,
01:52
the Zulus were mighty warriors,
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祖鲁人多是强壮无比的勇士,
01:55
ruled by a fierce and brutal king
known as Shaka Zulu.
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却被一个名为沙卡祖鲁的、
凶猛残暴的国王统治着。
01:59
A wave of Zulu people proceeded outward
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一大批祖鲁人向外迁移
02:02
into the eastern
and central region of Africa,
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进入非洲东部和中部,
02:04
where they became known
by new names, like the Ngoni
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在那里改名换姓,建立新的种族如恩戈尼族,
02:08
and the Ndebele of Zimbabwe.
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以及津巴布韦的恩德贝勒族,等等。
02:10
Three dances from these regions
are known as indlamu,
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来自这些地区的有三种舞蹈
分别被称为恩德拉姆(indlamu),
02:14
isitshikitsha and ngoma.
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伊西吉沙(isitshikitsha)
和恩戈玛(ngoma)。
02:17
These dances are essentially cousins.
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这些舞蹈其实同出一源,
02:20
They come from their own families,
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来自同一个大家庭。
02:22
but when you look at them,
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当你仔细观察这些舞蹈时,
02:23
you see the power of Shaka Zulu's Kingdom.
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你仍能感受到当年沙卡祖鲁王国的威力。
02:27
[Ndebele isitshkitsha dance]
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【津巴布韦的贝勒族的伊西吉沙舞】
02:47
[Ngoni ngoma dance]
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【恩戈尼族的恩戈玛舞】
02:52
[Zulu indlamu dance]
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【祖鲁的恩德拉姆舞】
03:03
In the DRC, we find the Luba ethnic group,
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在刚果民主共和国,
我们找到了卢巴少数民族,
03:07
and they have a traditional
dance called mutuashi.
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他们有一种传统舞蹈叫木图阿西。
03:10
This dance was used to celebrate fertility
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这个舞蹈是用来庆贺女性生育的,
03:13
and visually, it's liberation
of a woman's waist.
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在视觉上,它表现出来的是
女性自由奔放的腰。
03:18
But a mutuashi dancer,
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一位木图阿西的舞蹈者,
03:20
someone performing a traditional dance,
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要表演这个传统舞蹈,
03:23
could cause a lot of controversy
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却会引起很多争议,
03:26
to those who had adopted a more
conservative mindset from the West.
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特别是在那些接受了
西部保守思想影响的人群中。
03:31
In Zambia, we find the Bemba ethnic group
who are descendants of the Luba people,
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在赞比亚,我们找到了本巴少数民族,
他们是卢巴人的后代,
03:37
and so they share similar dances.
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所以他们彼此的舞蹈很相似。
03:40
One of the Bemba dances
is called infunkutu,
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本巴有一种舞蹈叫尹福库图,
03:43
and it’s normally seen
at a lady’s pre-marriage ceremony.
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通常你能
在新娘的婚前仪式上看到。
03:47
Just like the Luba people,
this dance is a celebration of a woman.
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就如卢巴族一样,
这种舞蹈也是一个女性的庆典。
03:54
[Baluba mutuashi dance]
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【巴鲁巴的木图阿西舞】
03:57
(Drumming and singing)
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(鼓声和歌声)
04:08
[Bemba infunkutu dance]
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【本巴的尹福库图舞】
04:22
If we move into the eastern
part of Africa,
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如果我们走进非洲东部,
04:25
we find a showcase of the shoulders.
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就会看到美肩在舞蹈中的充分展示。
04:28
The eskista from Ethiopia supposedly
imitates the shaking of a rattlesnake,
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据说埃塞俄比亚的艾斯基斯塔舞
模仿了响尾蛇的摇晃,
04:35
and it closely resembles two other dances
from its neighboring countries:
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非常近似两个邻国的舞蹈:
04:39
the quda in Eritrea
and the kamabeka from Kenya.
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厄立特里亚的库达舞和
肯尼亚的卡玛贝卡舞。
04:44
These dances are performed
to different rhythms,
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这些舞蹈表演虽然跟从
不同的韵律节奏,
04:47
but their core movement remains the same.
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但他们的基本动作都是一致的。
04:50
[Bukusu kamabeka dance]
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【布库苏的卡玛贝卡舞】
04:52
(Music)
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(音乐)
04:58
[Ethiopia eskista dance]
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【埃塞俄比亚的艾斯基斯塔舞】
05:07
[Tigrinya quda dance]
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【提格里尼亚的库达舞】
05:13
It wasn’t only migration
that separated ethnic groups
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不仅仅是大迁徙分离了种族群体,
05:17
but also the artificial borders
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还有人为的边界——
05:20
that were drawn
by some guys from overseas.
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那些海外来的家伙画下的。
05:24
In Ghana, Togo, Benin and Nigeria,
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在加纳、多哥、贝宁和尼日利亚,
05:28
there were once no border distinctions
and no movement restrictions.
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过去曾经没有国界之分,
也没有迁移限制。
05:34
The Ewe people can be found
in each of these countries,
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埃维人在这些国家随处可见,
05:37
and they perform a dance
called the togo atsia,
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他们表演的舞蹈叫多哥阿西亚舞,
05:41
which is danced
to the togo atsia drum pattern.
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舞者随着多哥阿西亚鼓声的节奏跳动。
05:45
Although these people were separated,
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虽然这些民族被分离开了,
05:48
their dance shows an endurance
of their cultural connections.
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但他们的舞蹈展示出了
彼此文化息息相连的忍耐持久。
05:53
[Togo atsia dance]
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【多哥阿西亚舞】
05:56
(Rhythmic drumming)
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(有节奏的鼓声)
06:23
Nelson Mandela once said,
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纳尔逊·曼德拉曾经说,
06:25
"The curious beauty of African music
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“非洲音乐的奇妙之美在于
06:28
is that it uplifts
even as it tells a sad tale."
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即使它讲述了一个悲伤的故事,
也会让人倍受鼓舞。”
06:33
And I find this to be
just as true with dance.
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我发觉舞蹈也有同样的魔力。
06:35
It's restored our hope
in times of struggle.
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在艰难挣扎时刻,它让我们重新看到希望。
06:38
In South Africa during apartheid,
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在南非种族隔离时期,
06:41
gold miners were not allowed
to speak while they worked,
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金矿工人干活时不许讲话,
06:44
so they used their boots to create
rhythmic beats of communication,
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于是他们就用靴子打出旋律的节拍来交流,
06:50
a dance known as the gumboot dance.
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大家把那叫做雨靴舞。
06:52
And then there is zouglou.
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后来又有了著名的祖格鲁舞。
06:54
In the '90s in Cote d'Ivoire,
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在 90 年代的科特迪瓦,
06:56
university students facing
economic hardship danced
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经济困窘的大学生舞蹈着
07:01
by raising their arms into the air
as if making a plea.
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把他们的手臂伸向天空,如同在祈求救助。
07:06
So we dance to celebrate
what we have overcome.
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我们也会以舞蹈欢庆战胜艰难逆境。
07:09
And so we find that a dance
is not just a movement,
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舞蹈不只是简单的跳动,
07:14
but that movement embodies
feeling and expression
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那跳动中包含着我们的情感和述说,
07:18
because it carries history and stories.
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我们的历史,我们的故事。
07:22
Today, our modern African dance
is a fusion of styles
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今天,当代非洲舞蹈已成为
07:26
that have come from different
traditional dances
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不同传统舞蹈风格的融合,
07:30
that continues to celebrate
and appreciate our cultural heritage.
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继续庆祝,传承和发扬光大
我们的文化遗产。
07:36
Have a look.
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请观赏:
07:37
(Electronic dance music)
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(电子舞蹈音乐)
07:38
[Sangra dance]
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【僧伽舞】
07:46
[Legwork dance]
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[跑腿舞]
07:50
[Network dance]
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【网络舞】
07:54
[Zanku dance]
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赞库舞
08:02
[Ndombolo dance]
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【恩多波罗舞】
08:13
Thank you for sharing
African dance with me today.
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感谢你今天和我一起分享非洲舞蹈。
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