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翻译人员: Tristan Yu
校对人员: ZHANG FENG
00:12
June 13, 2014
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2014年6月13日,
00:16
started as a routine Friday
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一个寻常的周五,
00:18
in Redemption Hospital in Monrovia,
the capital of Liberia.
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利比里亚(西非国家)首都
蒙罗维亚的救赎医院。
00:23
Redemption is the largest
free public health hospital in the city.
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救赎医院是当地最大的免费公立医院。
00:27
We are called upon to serve
hundreds of thousands of people.
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在这里我们作为医生
治疗过数十万患者。
00:31
In the best of times
it puts strain on our resources.
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然而即便医院运行良好,
医疗资源也相当紧张。
00:34
Monthly supplies run out within weeks,
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每月的医疗物资
一两周内就消耗殆尽,
00:36
and patients without beds
would be seated in chairs.
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没有床位的病人
只能坐在椅子上接受治疗。
00:40
That summer, we had a nurse
who had been sick for a while.
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那年夏天,医院有位护士
病了一段时间,
00:43
Sick enough to be admitted
in our hospital.
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后来严重到需要入院治疗。
00:46
But our treatment
didn't seem to be helping her;
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但我们的治疗似乎并没有帮助到她;
00:49
her symptoms were getting worse:
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她的症状越来越严重:
00:50
diarrhea, severe abdominal pain,
fever and weakness.
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如腹泻、严重腹痛、发烧和虚弱等。
00:55
On that particular Friday,
she developed severe respiratory distress,
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就在那个周五,
她出现了重度呼吸困难,
00:59
and her eyes were menacingly red.
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眼睛变成了不正常的红色。
01:03
One of my fellow doctors,
a general surgeon,
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我的同事,医院的一名普外科医生,
01:05
became suspicious of her condition.
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对她的病情有所怀疑,
01:07
He said her symptoms
were suggestive of Ebola.
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认为她的症状疑似
感染了埃博拉病毒。
01:11
We kept a close watch on her,
we tried to help her.
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我们一直对她密切观察,
并尽力帮助她。
01:14
We were treating her for malaria,
typhoid and gastroenteritis.
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我们按照疟疾、伤寒
和肠胃炎对她进行治疗,
01:18
We didn't know it,
but by then it was too late.
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但我们不知道,那时候为时已晚。
01:23
The next morning I walked in
to check on my patient.
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第二天一早,我去给病人做检查,
01:26
I could tell by the look in her eyes
that she was filled with fear.
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从她的眼神里我可以看出,
她的内心充满了恐惧。
01:29
I gave her reassurance,
but shortly after ...
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我安慰了她,但不久后——
01:33
she died of Ebola.
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她就死于埃博拉病毒感染。
01:37
For me, her death was very personal.
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对我来说,她的死只是一个个例。
01:40
But this was just the beginning.
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然而,这仅仅是个开始。
01:42
A virtual biological bomb had exploded.
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虚拟的生物炸弹已经爆炸。
01:46
But the word spread faster than the virus,
and panic spread across the hospital.
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但流言比病毒传播得更快,
恐慌蔓延到整个医院。
01:52
All the patients ran away.
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所有的病人都逃走了。
01:56
Then, all the nurses and doctors ran away.
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然后,几乎所有的医生和护士也都跑了。
02:02
This was the beginning
of our medical tsunami --
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这就是我们的医疗海啸的开始——
02:05
the devastating Ebola virus
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毁灭性的埃博拉病毒
02:07
that left an indelible scar
in our country's history.
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给我们国家的历史
留下了不可磨灭的伤疤。
02:10
I was not trained for this.
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我从没接受过应对这种问题的培训。
02:13
I had just graduated
from medical school two years before.
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那时我不过刚从医学院毕业两年。
02:16
At this time,
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当时,
02:18
my total knowledge about Ebola
came from a one-page article
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我对埃博拉病毒的全部了解
只是源于上学时读到
02:21
I had read in medical school.
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的一篇一页纸的文章。
02:24
I perceived the disease as so dangerous,
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而这页纸唯一的作用
02:27
this one page in essence had convinced me
to run out of the hospital, too,
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不过是让我觉得这种疾病太过危险,
02:32
the moment I heard of a case of Ebola.
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必须要望风而逃罢了。
02:34
But when it finally happened,
I stayed on and decided to help.
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但当它最终发生时,
我决定留下来帮助病人。
02:38
And so did several other
brave health care professionals.
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其他好几位勇敢的医护人员也是如此。
02:43
But we would pay a heavy price.
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然而我们为此付出了沉重的代价。
02:45
Many persons and health professionals
had become high-risk contacts.
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许多医护人员已经变成
有高感染风险的接触者,
02:49
This actually meant 21 days counting
to potentially disease or death.
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事实上这意味着,21天病毒潜伏期过后,
我们可能会患病甚至死亡。
02:55
Our health systems were fragile,
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我们的医疗体系如此脆弱,
02:57
our health workers
lacked skills and training.
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医护人员严重缺乏技术和训练。
03:00
So in the weeks and months that followed,
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所以在接下来的几个月里,
03:02
health workers were disproportionately
affected by the Ebola virus disease.
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医护人员受到了
埃博拉病毒的严重影响。
03:07
More than 400 nurses, doctors and other
health professionals became infected.
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超过 400 名护士、医生
和卫生专家被病毒感染。
03:13
Unfortunately, my friend,
the general surgeon
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不幸的是,我的朋友
03:16
who correctly identified
the symptoms in that first case
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那个准确诊断出第一例
埃博拉感染的普外科医生
03:20
became one of the casualties.
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也因此丧生。
03:26
On July 27, the president of Liberia
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7月27日,
利比里亚总统下令对
受影响最严重的地区实施隔离。
03:28
imposed quarantine
on the worst-affected areas.
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03:32
She closed all the schools
and universities
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当地中小学和大学全部关闭,
03:35
and shut down many public events.
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许多公共活动也被迫停止。
03:37
Four days later,
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4天后,
03:39
the United States Peace Corps
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美国和平队
03:40
pulled out of Liberia,
out of Sierra Leone and Guinea
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也撤出了利比里亚、
塞拉利昂和几内亚,
03:45
due to Ebola.
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因为顾忌到埃博拉的肆虐。
03:47
In August, six weeks after the nurse died,
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8月,那位被感染的护士死亡6周后,
03:51
hundreds of people were dying
of the disease each week.
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每周都有上百人因埃博拉丧生,
03:54
People were dying in the streets.
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很多人就这么横死街头。
03:56
Over the months that followed,
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此后的数月里,
03:58
West Africa would lose thousands of people
to Ebola virus disease.
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西非地区的埃博拉
夺去了数千条人命。
04:02
In August, I joined a team
to set up the Ebola treatment unit
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当年8月,我在蒙罗维亚
的约翰肯尼迪(JFK)医院
04:06
at JFK hospital in Monrovia.
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加入了一个团队,大家
共同建立埃博拉医疗小组。
04:08
I was charged with running the second
Ebola treatment unit in the city.
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我负责管理当地
第二支埃博拉医疗小组。
04:13
Our unit provided hope for thousands
of patients, families and communities.
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我们的治疗小组为上千名患者、
他们的家人和社区带来了希望。
04:19
I not only provided care,
I came face to face with Ebola.
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我们不仅提供医疗护理,
而且要和埃博拉病毒正面交锋。
04:23
Living every day as a high-risk
Ebola virus disease contact
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在病毒爆发最严重的时期,
作为高埃博拉感染风险
04:27
during the worst of the outbreak
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的接触者生活的每一天
04:29
was one of my worst experiences.
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都是我最糟糕的一段经历。
04:31
I started counting 21 days every day.
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我开始每天计算21天的病毒潜伏期,
04:33
I lived every moment anticipating
the onset of symptoms of the disease.
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时刻做好出现感染症状的准备。
04:38
I measured my body
temperature several times.
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每天我都要量好几遍体温,
04:41
I showered with chlorinated water,
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用高于推荐浓度
04:43
more concentrated
than actually recommended.
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的氯化水洗澡。
04:46
I chlorinated my phones,
my pants, my hands, my car.
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我用氯化水为我的手机、衣服、
车子,还有双手消毒。
04:49
My clothes became bleached.
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我的衣服都被漂白了。
04:54
Those days you were alone,
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那些日子里,你只能是一个人。
04:55
people were so afraid of touching anybody.
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人们都害怕和别人发生肢体接触。
04:58
Everyone was counted
as a potential contact.
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每个人都是潜在的病毒接触者。
05:02
Touching would make them sick.
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似乎一旦肢体接触,就会感染。
05:03
I was stigmatized.
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我感到被羞辱。
05:05
But if that was what it was for me,
who was symptom-free,
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可是如果对我这个
没有出现症状的人尚且如此,
05:09
imagine what it was for someone
who actually had symptoms,
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设想一下那些出现症状的人,
那些真正被感染的人,
05:13
someone who had Ebola.
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他们又作何感想呢?
05:18
We learned that to treat
Ebola successfully,
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我们意识到,要想成功治愈埃博拉,
05:20
we had to suspend
some of the normal rules of society.
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就不得不暂时摒弃正常的社会规则。
05:25
Our president declared
a state of emergency in August
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利比里亚总统在8月份
宣布国家进入紧急状态,
05:28
and suspended certain rights.
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并暂停了部分公民权利。
05:30
And the national police even supported
our work during the Ebola response.
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国家警察甚至也来协助我们的工作。
05:36
In February 2015,
gang members came in for isolation
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2015年2月,一批黑帮成员
来到我们的伊波拉病毒隔离组
05:40
in our Ebola isolation unit.
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接受隔离。
这些人有个别号,叫
“蒙罗维亚大佬” (VIP Boys of Monrovia)
05:43
They were also know
as the VIP Boys of Monrovia,
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05:45
terrifying small-time drug addicts
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净是些可怕的瘾君子。
05:48
whose presence could instill
a tremendous amount of fear,
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虽然依照法律,这些人不能持枪,
05:51
although they could not
legally carry guns.
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可他们的出现还是
给人们造成了极大的恐慌。
05:56
They underwent quarantine for 21 days
in our unit and were not arrested.
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他们在我们的隔离组接受了
为期21天的隔离,而且没有遭到逮捕。
06:00
We told the police,
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我们告诉警察,
06:03
"If you arrest them here,
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“你们要是在这儿逮捕这些人,
他们就不会再来了,也无法得到治疗。
06:07
they will stop coming,
they won't get treated.
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06:10
And the Ebola virus
will continue to spread."
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埃博拉病毒将会因此继续扩散。”
06:14
The police agreed, and we were able
to treat the VIP Boys,
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警方同意了我们的请求,
我们得以对这些“大佬”进行了治疗,
06:17
and they did not have to worry
about being arrested while in the unit.
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他们也不用担心在治疗期间被逮捕。
06:22
Over the course of the outbreak,
West Africa had almost 29,000 cases.
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整个病毒爆发期间,
西非近29000人患病,
06:27
More than 11,000 people died.
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11000多人丧生。
06:30
And that included 12 of my fine colleagues
at John F. Kennedy hospital in Monrovia.
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这其中就包括我在蒙罗维亚
约翰·肯尼迪医院工作期间的12位同事。
06:46
In June 2016, exactly 23 months
after my first Ebola patient died,
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2016年6月,恰好在
我的首例埃博拉患者死亡23个月后,
06:52
Liberia declared its Ebola outbreak ended.
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利比里亚宣布埃博拉疫情结束。
06:55
We thought that once the outbreak ended,
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我们本以为一旦疫情结束,
06:58
so did the problems.
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其他问题也会迎刃而解。
07:00
We hoped that life
would go back to normal.
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我们希望生活能够重新回到正轨。
07:03
Today, there are more
than 17,000 survivors in West Africa.
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如今,西非有超过17000名
埃博拉病毒的幸存者。
07:07
People who actually had
Ebola virus disease,
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这些人作为埃博拉的患者,
07:10
lived through it and survived.
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经历了这一切并幸存了下来。
07:13
We counted survival rate as a success:
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我们将存活率视为成功:
07:16
the end of suffering for the patient
and fulfilling joy for families.
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病人结束了痛苦,他们的家庭重获喜悦。
07:20
Every discharge from the unit
was a moment of jubilation.
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每次患者出院,都是值得庆祝的时刻。
07:23
At least so we thought.
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至少我们是这么想的。
07:26
The best description
of the moment of discharge
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我的好友兼同事,菲利普·爱尔兰医生
07:29
and a rare glimpse into the moment
that defines our life post-Ebola
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在接受《时代周刊》采访时,
07:33
was vividly expressed
in the words of my best friend
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用寥寥数语生动
的描述了出院时的景象,
07:35
and fellow doctor, Philip Ireland,
in an interview with "The Times."
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以及战胜埃博拉之后的生活。
07:40
He said at the time of his release,
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他在出院时说,
07:43
"There were a lot of people there
from JFK hospital:
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“约翰·肯尼迪医院来了好多人:
07:46
my family, my elder brother,
my wife was there.
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我的家人、我的哥哥、我的妻子都在。
07:50
A lot of other doctors were there, too,
and members of the media were there.
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很多医生也来了,还有不少媒体也在。
07:54
And I felt like Nelson Mandela,
it felt like the 'Long Walk to Freedom,'
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我感觉自己就像曼德拉,出院的
那几步路就是‘通往自由的漫漫长路’,
07:58
and I walked and raised
my hands to the heaven,
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我一边走,一边将双手举向天空,
08:00
thanking God for saving my life."
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感谢上帝的救命之恩。“
08:04
And Philip said,
"Then I saw something else.
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菲利普说,”然后我看到了别的东西。
08:07
There were a lot of crying people,
people happy to see me.
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有很多哭泣的人,
他们因为见到了我喜极而泣。
08:11
But when I got close to anybody,
they backed away."
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可当我走近他们的时候,
他们却向后退开了。”
08:17
For many Ebola survivors,
society still seems to be backing away,
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对于许多埃博拉的幸存者而言,
整个社会似乎在疏离他们,
08:20
even as they struggle
to lead a normal life.
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即使他们为过上正常的生活
而竭尽了全力。
08:23
For these survivors, life can be compared
to another health emergency.
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对于这些幸存者而言,
生活本身就是另一出健康危机。
08:29
They may suffer debilitating
joint and body pain.
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他们或许会饱受关节无力
和身体疼痛的折磨。
08:32
The suffering gradually decays
over time for most.
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对于他们中的大多数来说,
痛苦会随时间慢慢减弱。
08:34
However, many continue
to bear intermittent pain.
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然而,不少人要继续
忍受着间歇性疼痛,
08:39
Some survivors are blind,
others have neurological disabilities.
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一些幸存者失明了,
另一些出现了神经障碍。
08:44
Some survivors experience stigmatization
every day, in many ways.
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有的幸存者每天都在遭受各种羞辱,
08:48
A lot of children are orphans.
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很多孩子都变成了孤儿,
08:50
Some survivors experience
post-traumatic stress disorder.
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一些幸存者患上了
创伤后应激障碍(PTSD),
08:54
And some survivors
lack opportunity for education.
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还有人错失了受教育的机会,
08:59
Even families can be split apart
by fear of Ebola, too.
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对于埃博拉的恐惧
甚至让很多家庭分崩离析。
09:04
There's no definitive cure
for transmitting Ebola virus through sex.
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对于埃博拉病毒的性传播,
目前还没有根治的方法,
09:07
However, there are successful
interventions for prevention.
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但是,通过医疗干预
可以成功进行预防。
09:12
We have worked hard on semen testing,
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我们在精液检测、行为咨询、
09:15
behavioral counseling,
safe sex promotion and research.
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提倡安全性行为以及
相关研究方面下了很大功夫。
09:20
For the past year, there have been
no cases of sexual transmission.
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过去一年间都没有出现
性传播的病例。
09:23
But some male survivors
have lost their spouses
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但是一些男性幸存者的配偶
09:26
out of fear they will be
infected with Ebola.
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还是因为害怕被传染而离开了。
09:28
That's how families are torn apart.
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家庭就是这样破裂的。
09:33
Another tremendous challenge
for Ebola survivors
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埃博拉幸存者所面临
的另一个巨大挑战,
09:35
is obtaining adequate health care.
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就是获取充足的医疗保障。
09:37
In theory, Liberia's public
health services are free of charge.
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理论上,利比里亚
的公共医疗是免费的,
09:43
In practice, our health system
lacks the funding and capacity
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而实际上,我们的医疗体系
缺乏资金和能力,
09:47
to expand care
to all at the point of need.
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无法为所有人
在需要的时候提供保障。
09:53
Many survivors have waited
many months to undergo surgery
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很多幸存者都要等上好几个月
09:56
to heal their blinding cataracts.
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才能接受白内障手术。
09:59
Few had to relive
the traumatic experience,
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少数人不得不再次体验
疾病爆发时的惨痛经历,
10:01
when their blood was retested for Ebola
at the point of admission.
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因为他们在入院时会重新接受
针对埃博拉病毒的血检,
10:05
Some survivors experienced
delayed or deferred admission
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一些幸存者在需要住院的时候
不是被推迟,就是被延期,
10:08
due to limited bed capacity.
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1600
因为医院的床位不够,
10:10
No bed available for one more patient.
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没法再多容纳哪怕一位患者。
10:14
This is neither national policy
nor officially condoned,
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这种行为既不是国家政策,
也不是官方授意的,
10:18
but many people are still afraid
of the sporadic resurgence of Ebola virus.
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但是很多人还是害怕
埃博拉病毒零星复发。
10:23
The results can be tragic.
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因为一旦发生,后果不堪设想。
10:26
I have seen Beatrice, an Ebola
survivor, several times now.
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有一位名叫碧翠斯的埃博拉幸存者,
我见过她很多次了。
10:29
She's 26 years old.
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她今年26岁。
10:32
Many of her family members
became infected, she luckily survived.
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她家里有不少人感染了埃博拉,
而她幸运地活了下来。
10:36
But since that day in 2014
she was discharged
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但是自从2014年她出院,
10:39
to cheering health workers,
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与医务人员一起欢呼后,
10:41
her life has never been the same.
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她的人生从此就不同了。
10:42
She became blind as the result of Ebola.
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因为埃博拉,她丧失了视力。
10:47
In 2014, the baby of a dear friend of mine
was only two months old,
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2014年,我一个好朋友的孩子
才不过2个月大,
10:51
when both parents and child were admitted
in an Ebola treatment unit in Monrovia.
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那时他们一家三口都在
蒙罗维亚医疗小组接受埃博拉病毒治疗。
10:55
Luckily, they survived.
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幸运的是,他们都活了下来。
10:58
My friend's baby
is almost three years old now,
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我朋友的孩子现在已经快3岁了,
11:01
but cannot stand,
cannot walk, cannot speak.
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但是他无法站立、不会走路,
甚至不能说话。
11:04
He has failure to thrive.
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他没办法茁壮成长,
11:06
There are many more hidden experiences
and many stories are yet untold.
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许多类似的经历和故事都还不为人知。
11:13
The survivors of Ebola
deserve our attention and support.
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我们应该给予埃博拉病毒
的幸存者们更多的关注和支持。
11:20
The only way we can defeat this pandemic
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只有当我们在这场
最后的战役中取得成功,
11:22
is when we ensure
that we win this final battle.
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才算是真的战胜了这场流行病。
11:26
Our best opportunity is to ensure
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实现这一目标最好的方法,
就是确保
11:28
that every survivor receives
adequate care at the point of need
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每位幸存者在需要时
能够得到充分的照顾,
11:33
without any form of stigma
and at no cost to them personally.
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要让他们免遭羞辱,
不必负担个人费用。
11:37
How can a society consider itself healed
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当一个人的身份
11:42
when a person's entire identity
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完全被埃博拉幸存者所定义,
11:44
is defined by the fact
that they recovered from Ebola?
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又怎么能认为社会的创伤已经被抚平?
11:47
Should a previous disease
that a person no longer has
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难道已经治愈了的疾病
11:50
become the sum total of their identity,
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应该成为个人身份的全部,
11:52
the identifier in their passport
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成为护照里的一个标识,
11:55
that deters you from traveling
to seek medical care abroad?
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让这个人无法出国就医吗?
11:58
Simply the ID that denies you health care.
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仅仅是埃博拉幸存者,
就得不到医疗保障,
12:01
Or prevents you from having
a relationship with your spouse.
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无法维系正常夫妻关系,
12:04
Or denies you of family,
of friend or home.
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不再拥有家人、朋友或是住所,
12:08
Or prevents you from
carrying on your normal job,
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无法继续正常工作,
12:10
so you can put food on the table
or have a roof over your family's head.
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缺衣少食,无处容身。
12:15
What is the meaning of the right to life
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当我们的生活
12:18
when our life is clouded by stigma
and barriers that fuel that stigma?
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被羞辱和隔阂笼罩之时,
生命权的意义又是什么?
12:23
Until we have much better answers
to those questions in West Africa,
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在西非为这些问题
找到更好的答案之前,
12:27
our work is not over yet.
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我们的工作还远没有结束。
12:31
Liberians are a resilient people.
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利比里亚人民是坚韧的民族,
12:35
And we know how to rise to a challenge,
even a devastating one.
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我们知道如何应对挑战,
甚至是毁灭性的挑战。
12:41
My best memories of the outbreak
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我对于这次疫情爆发
的最美好的回忆
12:42
center on those many people
who survived the disease,
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主要来自于那些幸存者,
12:45
but I cannot forget the hard-working
nurses, doctors, volunteers and staff
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但那些奋力工作的医生、护士、
志愿者和工作人员也都令我难忘,
12:51
who risked their own safety
in service of humanity.
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他们牺牲自身的安危进行人道救助,
12:54
And some even losing
their lives in the process.
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一些人甚至为此付出了生命。
12:59
During the worst of the contagion,
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在疫情最严重的时候,
13:01
one thing kept us making those perilous
daily journeys into the Ebola wards.
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一股力量让我们日复一日
冒险进入埃博拉病房,
13:06
We had a passion to save lives.
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那就是治病救人的热情。
13:11
Was I afraid during the Ebola outbreak?
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1976
要问我在埃博拉爆发的时候害怕吗?
13:13
Of course I was.
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答案当然是肯定的,
13:16
But for me, the opportunity
to protect our global health security
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4576
但对我而言,守护全球健康安全,
13:21
and keep communities safe at home
and abroad was an honor.
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让国内外的人免受
疾病之苦,是我的荣幸。
13:26
So as the dangers became greater,
our humanity became stronger.
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因此危险越巨大,
我们的人性也就越强大。
13:30
We faced our fears.
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我们能直面自己的恐惧。
13:34
The global health community
working together defeated Ebola,
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全球健康组织团结一致对抗埃博拉,
13:38
and that ...
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而这——
13:40
that is how I know
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也让我明白,
13:44
that we can defeat its aftermath
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3736
我们终将荡平埃博拉的余波,
13:47
in our hearts, in our minds
and in our communities.
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无论是在情感、意识层面,
还是在人与人之间,都将如此。
13:53
Thank you.
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谢谢。
13:54
(Applause)
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(掌声)
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